Objective To analyze the significance of the waistline (WC), body mass index (BMI) and hyperinsulinaemia (HIns) on evaluating the metabolic syndrome. Methods The data of routine clinical examination were collected from the mid-aged and senile individuals (middle-senile group) who received oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes screening, and from a group of subjects who received annual OGTT for diabetes screening (mature group). Data were collected by a specialized person, input into a special computer database, and then analyzed with SAS 5.0 software by specialized staffs. Abnormal WC and BMI were determined according to IDF and CDS criteria. HIns was determined if fasting insulin (FIns) ≥15mU/L and 2-hour insulin after glucose burdening (2hPIns) ≥80mU/L. Results In the middle-senile group, the abnormality frequencies of WC and HIns as well as overall insulin level were obviously higher than that in the mature young group. The abnormality frequency of BMI was higher in mature young group. A higher detection rate of HIns existed in intolerance glucose test (IGT) and normal glucose test (NGT). The coincidence of WC and BMI diagnostic criteria were 77.5% and 74.3%, respectively, on evaluating with or without obesity in the middle-senile group and mature young group. When only WC criterion was used for evaluating the existence of insulin resistance, there would be 28.2% of missed diagnosis rate for MS patients. Conclusion WC, BMI and HIns are all risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension and dyslipidemia. There is different prevalence among different populations. The combination of WC, BMI and HIns might be more helpful for identifying MS at early stage.

Objective To investigate the different clinical features of metabolic syndrome(MS)in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods Data were collected from 947 MS patients,for whom the diagnosis was established based on the Chinese criteria.Of them,679 were elderly people and 268 were in middle-age.Laboratory examination and medical history were analyzed.BMI,blood glucose,blood pressure(BP)and lipid profile were measured.Patients were divided into different groups according to age and sex.Results In the elderly group,the age of male and female patients was 81.5?6.5 and 74.5?8.8 years,respectively.BMI of elderly males were higher than that of middle-aged males(27.14?2.51 vs 25.98?2.38).All the elderly patients had higher systolic BP,but lower triglyceride level than that of the middle aged patients.In middle-aged group,female patients had higher high-density lipoprotein.Fasting blood glucose level in all the investigated subjects was correlated with postprandial glucose(for male R2=0.463,P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors in the population of age between 21 to 78 years in Beijing, and to study the clinical significance of evaluation of MS and hyperinsulinaemia by the use of waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Methods A standard questionnaire and 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used in the investigation. All the data, including plasma glucose (fasting blood glucose level and postprandial glucose level), blood levels of insulin, blood lipid, blood uric acid, and creatinine, as well as height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, body mass, were determined or measured. Obesity was defined by WC and BMI value. The incidence of obesity complicated with two abnormal metabolic disorders (IDF), as well as hyperinsulinaemia in these subjects, were analyzed. Results The prevalence of obesity as determined by WC and BMI were 20.6% and 41.5%, respectively, in the said popalation of Beijing (P0.05) in subjects of obesity complicated with two other metabolic abnormality as defined by WC and BMI criteria, accounting for 1.37% and 3.13% of the whole investigated population (P

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level over 5.3 mmol/L to the development of abnormal glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods This was a retrospective cohort study with 1 064 non-diabetic subjects(980 males;84 females) aged 60 or over, who carried out annual health check-up in Chinese PLA General Hospital from May, 1996 to May, 2015.Based on the average FPG level of 3 years before enrollment, the subjects were divided into four groups : ＜ 5.3 mmol/L, 5.3-＜ 5.6 mmol/L, 5.6-＜ 6.1 mmol/L and 6.1-＜ 7.0 mmol/L.Glucose metabolic changes, complications and mortality were follow-up until May, 2015.Results (1)The initial 3-year average FPG levels were (4.9 ±0.4) mmol/L in the total 1 064 subjects.Among them, 126 subjects developed diabetes mellitus (DM) and 144 subjects developed impaired glucose regulation (IGR) during the follow-up visits.The proportions of IGR and diabetes increased with the FPG levels (P ＜ 0.05).The risk for developing IGR was significantly higher in subjects with FPG≥5.3 mmol/L than in those with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L (RR =3.08, 95％ CI 2.02-4.81, P ＜0.01).The risk for incident DM was markedly increased in subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L than in those with FPG ＜5.6 mmol/L (RR =6.73, 95％ CI 3.90-11.52, P ＜0.01);(2)The risk for CVD was eight folds higher in subjects with FPG ≥5.3 mmol/L than in subjects with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L (RR =8.42,95％ CI 5.11-13.82, P ＜ 0.05);(3) Survival analysis showed that the risk of death was 1.47 times higher in subjects with FPG ≥ 5.3 mmol/L than in subjects with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L after years of followed-up (RR=l.47, 95％CI 1.09-1.98, P=0.0127).Conclusion The risks for IGR, CVD and mortality are higher in the elderly with FPG ≥5.3 mmol/L, which highlights the importance for the disease prevention in elder people with FPG 5.3 mmol/L or more.

Eleven old male patients with hyperuricemia were collected ( hyperuricemia group,65-90 years old ).10 healthy middle-aged males ( middle-aged group,30-40 years old) and 10 healthy old males ( older group 60-70 years old ) with normal blood uric acid level were used as controls.All of the subjects were given low purine content diet ( 250 mg/d ) for 3 days followed by high purine content diet ( 800 mg/d ) consecutively for another three days.The samples of fasting blood and 24 h urine were collected for assay.The results showed that there were no significant changes of serum uric acid ( UA ) concentration in three groups after low purine content diet.But the levels of serum UA in three groups all increased significantly after high purine content diet,and the change was higher in hyperuricemia group than middle-aged group [ ( 507.7 ± 108.1 vs 378.9 ± 80.1 ) μmol/L,P＜0.05 ].24 h urine uric acid excretion in three groups was all significantly decreased after low purine content diet and increased after high purine content diet.After high purine content diet,24 h urine uric acid was lower in hyperuricemia group than middle-aged group [ ( 2.99 ± 1.21 vs 3.62 ± 1.02 ) mmol/24 h,P＜0.05 ].Blood urea nitrogen levels in all subjects decreased after low purine content diet and increased after high purine content diet ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).Creatinine clearance rate in hyperuricemia group was decreased after high purine content diet compared with baseline [ (75.3 ± 20.3 vs 80.7 ±20.0) ml/min ],and there were no significant changes in other groups after low and high purine content diet.24 h urine protein in hyperuricemia group was higher than middle-aged group ( P＜0.05 ),and increased after high purine content diet with significant difference ( P＜0.05 ).These results suggest that high purine content diet and decreased by renal uric acid clearance mainly contribute to hyperuricemia in old people.

Objective To explore the effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1 ( SDF-1 ) in combination with transplantation of peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for the treatment of nude mice hindlimb ischemia. Methods Hindlimb ischemia model was established in nude mice, mice were then divided into five groups randomly: ischemic control group, peripheral blood EPCs transplantation group, SDF-1 local application group, SDF-1 combined with EPCs group, SDF-1 combined with AMD3100 treated EPCs group. Local CD34+VEGFR+ cells in the hind gastrocnemius were detected at day 3,7 after transplantation. The intensity of neovasculorization were evaluated at day 28. Results The double-positive cells number of control group, EPCs group, SDF-1 group, SDF-1 + EPCs group, SDF-1 + AMD3100 EPCs group were 0.00 ±0.00,5. 30 ±0.65,0.00 ±0.00,10. 31 ±0. 63,1. 86 ±0. 17 at day 3 and 0. 00 ±0. 00, 7.05 ±0. 18,0. 00 ±0. 00,11. 81 ±0. 53,2. 83 ±0. 48 at day 7. The number of new capillaries were 3. 00 ± 0.13,6.15 ± 0. 04,6. 20 ± 0. 10,10. 65 ± 0.08,6. 21 ±0. 08 at day 28. SDF-1 increased the CD34 + VEGFR+ cells (P ＜0. 05) and the number of new vessels (P ＜0.05). SDF-1 combined EPCs further increased the number of new vessels (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions SDF-1 enhances blood vessel formation and promotes angiogenesis by promoting EPCs homing, which could be blocked by AMD3100.

Objective To study the correlation between hyperinsulinemia (HIns) and arteriosclerosis in one community in Beijing. Methods Subjects who received arteriosclerosis screening in physical examination annually were studied. All subjects were received 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to evaluate glucose metabolic level, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) examination to evaluate arteriosclerosis. The correlation between hyperinsulinemia and pulse wave velocity was analyzed. Results Among all the 1046 subjects under investigation, baPWV of subjects with HIns was higher than subjects with normoinsulinemia (NIns) in different glucose metabolism status [normal glucose tolerance, ( 1381.2 ±280. 8) cm/s vs ( 1280. 3 ±218. 7) cm/s; imparied glucose regulation, ( 1557. 5 ±319.3) cm/s vs (1474.7 ±305. 1) cm/s; diabetes, (1764.3 ±476.6) cm/s vs (1664.2 ±374.6)cm/s], especially in subjects with normal glucose tolerance ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with HIns was much higher than subjects with NIns ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hyperinsulinemia was the risk factor of arteriosclerosis, and the OR (95%CI) of subjects with HIns was 1.91 (1. 169-3. 105, P ＜0.01 ) as compared to the subjects with NIns. Conclusion The subjects with HIns suffered from much more metabolic risk factors than NIns.Hyperinsulinemia that closely correlated with baPWV was a risk factor of arteriosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Rhubarb associated preparations (rhubarb or prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine including rhubarb) on sepsis patients with acute gastrointestinal dysfunction (AGI).Methods The retrieval of databases from libraries including PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, CBMdisc, Wan Fang Database, VIP database were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Rhubarb associated preparations for treatment of sepsis patients with AGI from the foundation of the various databases to March 2016. And in the mean time, the references of the studies accepted were also retrieved. The retrieving and screening of literatures were performed independently by two researchers, the methodological quality and data extraction of the enrolled literatures were assessed by Jadad scale, and Cochrane Collaboration 5.3 software was used to perform Meta analyses to observe the effects of rhubarb associated preparations on gastrointestinal function score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients with AGI; the bias of published literatures was evaluated by funnel plot.Results ① Finally, 16 studies involving 1 171 patients (610 in rhubarb preparation group and 561 in the control group) were identified and enrolled. 12 studies had a Jadad score ≥ 3 and 4 studies < 3. The random method was used in classification of groups in all the studies in which the intergroup baseline data being comparable was clearly indicated. The blind method was applied in 5 contained RCTs.② The results of Meta-analyses showed that rhubarb associated preparation could improve gastrointestinal function score [mean difference (MD) = -0.52, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -0.55 to -0.48, P < 0.000 01], reduce the APACHEⅡ score (MD = -3.66, 95%CI = -5.00 to -2.33,P < 0.000 01) and 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.30 to 0.71,P < 0.000 01] compared with those in the control group, the differences being statistically significant. No publication bias was seen in 16 literatures containing RCTs from the funnel plot.Conclusions Compared with the control group, the rhubarb associated preparations combined with conventional theraph can significantly improve the gastrointestinal function score, reduce APACHE Ⅱ score and 28-day mortality of sepsis patients with AGI, which suggests the rhubarb associated preparations have better efficacy. In addition, the result of sensitivity analysis has not substantially changed the results of Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effects mechanism of scallop skirt glycosaminoglycan(SS-GAG)on inju-ry in human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVEC). METHODS:In the test,there was a negative control group,a model group and the groups of SS-GAG at high,middle and low concentrations(mass concentrations of 200,100 and 50 mg/L respective-ly). The cells in latter 3 groups were cultured in SS-GAG at different mass concentrations for 12 h,and then in 50 μmol/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OX-LDL)for 24 h. MTT method was used to detect cell viability and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),the flow cytometer to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS),real-time fluorescence quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect mRNA expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), and Western blot to detect NOX4 protein expression. RESULTS:Compared to the cells in the negative control group,those in the model group demonstrated lower viability,higher activity of LDH,higher level of ROS,and stronger expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and NOX4 protein. There was statistical significance (P<0.01). Compared to the cells in the model group,those in the groups of SS-GAG at high,middle and low concentrations showed higher viability,lower activity of LDH,lower level of ROS and weaker expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and NOX4 protein. There was statistical significance (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:SS-GAG can protect HUVEC to some degree by a mechanism which may be related to inhibiting ROS production via LOX-1/NOX4 pathway and relieving oxidative stress injury.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of one-way barbs line (absorbable sutures v - locTM180) in primary suturing of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy. Methods From July 2014 to June 2015, clinical data of 86 cases performed primary suturing in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy by the same performer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, One-way barbs line continuous full-thickness suture group (A group), ordinary absorption line continuous full-thickness suture group (B group) and ordinary absorption line discontinuous full-thickness suture group (C group). The bile duct suture needed time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative eating time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative bile fistula were compared. Results All the 86 cases underwent successful operation without T tube, and none of them received alternative open operation. Compared with group B and C, time needed for bile duct suturing in A group have statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative eating time, postoperative hospital stay between the three groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative bile fistula in A group were none. The incidence of postoperative bile fistula in B group was 1 case, the incidence of postoperative bile fistula in C group was 2 cases.Conclusions The method of one-way barbs line continuous full-thickness suture were simple and secure in primary suturing of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy.