The neutron activation analysis of a stable isotope (58Fe)was used successfully in the study of iron absorption from different diets in children suffering from iron deficient anemia. The method was correct and convenient, and uninjured to human body. The principle, procedure and the control of errors were also discussed. The iron absorbability of the balance diet,soy protein diet and soy protein diet plus vitamin-C were (group average?SD) 12.0? 3.6%, 10.7?4.7%, and 18,1?3.6% respectively. According to the results and the animal experiments which were reported in another paper, we agreed that soy protein unfavor or reduce the bioavailability of iron from diet, which was made by International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG) and others, but it is still a disputing question. The data of iron absorbability from diets in children suffering from iron deficient anemia and the method of neutron activation analysis of a stable isotope (58Fe) have not be seen up to now in China. This paper will be valuable for studing, preventing and treating iron deficient anemia in our country.

In order to clarify the disputing view-points in some publications, that the soy products are whether unfavourable or not to the bioavailability of diet iron, we estimated the relative bioavailability of the iron from soy flour by hemoglobin regeneration method in rats suffered from iron deficiency anemia. In this experiment the ferrous sulfate was used as a standard, wheat flour as a vehicle, and the pig blood powder as a reference substance. The iron content in the regeneration diet fed to rats of each group was 32 ppm in total, and among it 24ppm was originated from (1) soy flour, (2) soy flour plus wheat flour (half and half), (3) pig blood powder, (4) pig blood powder plus wheat flour (half and half), and (5) ferrous sulfate respectively.The experimental results showed that during the 5-week regeneration period the regenerated hemoglobin level of the rats of corresponding groups were (1) 6.6?1.6→9.4?1.7, (2) 7.0?0.9→10.4 ?1.5, (3) 6.4?1.6→ 11.4?1.4, (4) 6.1?0.6-11.1?1.9, and (5) 5.3?1.2-12.8 1.0, thereby the percentage of iron relative bioavailability of five groups were (1)45.4, (2)65.0, (3)74.0, (4)72.0, (5)100.0 respectively. The iron from soy flour showed a lowest bioavailability aalong the different diet sources in our exper-iment, and therefore the iron from soy products was unfavourable to prevent and treat the iron deficiency anemia. We also made some discussions and suggestions in this paper.

The present study was aimed at finding an effective method to isolate and purify the subtype of type A spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in juvenile rats. Testes from 9-days-old rats were used to isolate germ cells by using two-step enzymatic digestion. The expression of c-kit in the testes of the rats was immunohistochemically detected. After isolation, cell suspension was enriched further by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. Then type A1-A4 spermatogonia was isolated from the purified spermatogonia with c-kit as the marker by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Electron microscopy was used to observe their ultrastructure. Finally, highly purified and viable subtype of SSCs was obtained. Cells separation with discontinuous density gradient centrifugation significantly increased the concentration of c-kit positive cells [(18.65+/-1.69)% after the centrifugation versus (3.16+/-0.84)% before the centrifugation, P<0.01]. Furthermore, the recovery and viability were also high [(65.9+/-1.24)% and (85.6+/-1.14)%]. It is concluded that FACS with c-kit as the marker in combination with discontinuous density gradient centrifugation can well enrich type A1-A4 spermatogonia from the testes of 9-days-old rats.

Objective:To investigate the methods and nutritional effects of endoscopic jejunal ac cess for enteral feeding.Methods:106 cases placed jejunum feeding tube were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,54 cases in the observation group and 52 cases in the control group.43 patients underwent nasogastric enteral nutrition were as the nasogastric tube group.The traditional endoscopic jejunal access method was used in control group,and the modified endoscopic jejunal access method was used in observation group.The operation time,the success rate of indwelling,complications and nutritional indexes were compared among these three groups.Results:The operative time of the observation group and nasogastric tube group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The success rate of indwelling was significantly lower in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).After intubation and nutritional treatment in all the groups,hemoglobin,plasma albumin and serum albumin levels were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in nutritional indexes between the observation group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of hemoglobin,plasma albumin and plasma prealbumin in nasogastric tube group were significantly lower than those in the observation group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Modified endoscopic jejunal access for enteral feeding can effectively shorten the intubation operation time and improve success rate and nutritional indexes.

Objective To investigate the effect of gabapentin on the activation of glial cells in the spinal cord after chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve in rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S), group Ⅱ CCI and group Ⅲ gabapentin + CCI. Right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed with 6-0chromic catgut. Seven days after operation gabapentin 50 mg/kg in 5 ml was given by intragastric gavage twice a day for 5 days in group Ⅲ. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments was measured one day before (baseline) and at 7, 15 d after operation. The animals were killed at 15 d after operation. The lumbar segment L4-5 of the spinal cord was removed. Immunohistochemical double mark technique was used to detect the activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord. Results Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation was significantly decreased on the 7th and 15th day after CCI operation in group CCI as compared with group S. After 5 day treatment with gabapentin, the withdrawal threshold to von Frey hair stimulation was significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ . The activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord was significantly enhanced in group CCI as compared with group S. Treatment with gabapentin significantly inhibited CCI-induced activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord. ConclusionGabapentin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting activation of glial cells in the spinal cord.

One hundred and ten college students, 66 males and 44 females, were studied for the evaluation of vitamin C status by use of the ratio of reduced vitamin C to creatinine in a random urine sample. During the experimental period, the dietary source of creatinine was strictly abstained. After voiding in the morning, the volunteers were weighed and their urine were collected at the end of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th hr respectively. The contents of reduced vitamin C and creatinine in each collected urine sample were analysed, and then the total amounts in 24 hrs were calculated.The experimental results showed:1. The distribution of the creatinine excretion in 24 hrs was nearly constant.2. The percentage of reduced vitamin C excretion per hour to the total 24 hrs excretion was similar in subjects of different vitamin C status and was lowest in 12 hrs of night urine. A curvilinear regression was given for the percentage of reduced vitamin C excretion in relation to the time.3. The ratio of reduced vitamin C (as mg) to creatinine (as gm) and the ratio of reduced vitamin C to creatinine (as mg) per body weight (as kg) were calculated from their contents in 12 hrs urine in those who exc- reted reduced vitamin C in urine less than 80 mg in 24 hrs. The relationship between these two ratios and the excretions of reduced vitamin C in 24 hrs urine was studied and four equations of curvilinear regressions were given.4. According to these equations, the correlated values of vitamin C/ crcatinine and vitamin C/creatinine/body weight in random urine samples in respect of four different grades of vitamin C excretion of 24 hrs urine were recommended.It was shown to be a new simplified method for evaluating the nutritional status of vitamin C in human body. The practical aspect of its application was discussed.

The nutritional and food hygienic character of the new developed soy protein concentrate and soy protein isolate in Heilongjiang province were studied by chemical analysis and rat experiment. These products have not yet been reported in China. The results indicated that the content of protein of soy protein concentrate and isolate was 69.76 and 83.11%(as anhydr-ate basic), the PER 2.00 and 1.34, the apparent digestibility 77.54 and 85.72%, the true digestibility 84.33 and 93.19%, the biological value 79.80 and 62.54%, the NPU 67.39 and 58.28% respectively.The essential amino acid composition of the two samples was the same as the products prepared in the other countries. By the hematological and pathological examination in rats, the contents of serveral harmful substan- ces were allowable or not detected. The authors belived that the nutritional quality of the two soy protein products was nearly the same as those in other countries, and its food safety was satisfactory.

Objective:To observe the effect of Tongguan Liqiao(opening orifices)needling plus tongue pressure resistance feedback training in treating post-stroke deglutition disorders. Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 120 patients with post-stroke deglutition disorders were divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with routine treatments.The control group was treated with additional tongue pressure resistance feedback training,and the observation group was treated with additional Tongguan Liqiao needling based on the same intervention in the control group.After 4 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy was evaluated,and the complications that occurred during treatment were summarized.The FUJISHIMA Ichiro food intake level scale(FILS)and the swallowing quality of life questionnaire(SWAL-QOL)were scored before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the FILS and SWAL-QOL scores in both groups were higher than those before treatment,and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the complication occurrence between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion:On the basis of routine treatments,Tongguan Liqiao needling plus tongue pressure resistance feedback training has a better effect in the treatment of post-stroke deglutition disorders.This method can effectively improve the swallowing function of patients,improve the quality of life,and is safe.