Long-term inflammation will develop into chronic inflammation and become inflammatory diseases.Antibiotics are commonly used in clinical practice to treat inflammatory diseases.But patients are prone to drug resistance.So we need to find new treatment.Chlorogenic acid is an organic compound extracted from honeysuckle and other plants.Its anti-inflammatory activity is strong,and it has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory diseases in various systems.It has been shown that chlorogenic acid can regulate inflammation-related signaling pathways,such as nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)canonical signaling pathway,NF-κB atypical signaling pathway,nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)canonical signaling pathway,and Nrf2 atypical signaling pathway,etc.It can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-4,IL-10,IL-13 and down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-8.Although chlorogenic acid has a strong anti-inflammatory effect,but clinical trials and application still face many difficulties.In the future,the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid should be further studied to explore its clinical application value and improve new ideas for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) describes a physiological state of end-organ hypoperfusion characterized by reduced cardiac output in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Mortality still remains exceptionally high. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has become the preferred device for short-term hemodynamic support in patients with CS. ECMO provides the highest cardiac output, complete cardiopulmonary support. In addition, the device has portable characteristics, more familiar to medical personnel. VA ECMO provides cardiopulmonary support for patients in profound CS as a bridge to myocardial recovery. This review provides an overview of VA ECMO in salvage of CS, emphasizing the indications, management and further direction.

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a salvage therapy for patients suffering cardiac arrest refractory to conventional resuscitation, and provides circulatory support in patients who fail to achieve a sustained return of spontaneous circulation. ECPR serves as a bridge therapy that maintains organ perfusion whilst the underlying etiology of the cardiac arrest is determined and treated. Increasing recognition of the survival benefit associated with ECPR has led to increased use of ECPR during the past decade. Commonly used indications for ECPR are: age<70 years, initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, witnessed arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation within 5 min, failure to achieve sustained return of spontaneous circulation within 15 min of beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This review provides an overview of ECPR utilization, recent outcomes, risk factors, and complications of ECPR. Identifying ECPR indications, rapid deployment of extracorporeal life support equipment, and high-quality ECPR management strategies are of paramount importance to improve survival.

Objective ToanalyzetheCTimagingfeaturesofatypicalpulmonaryhamartomas,soastounderstandthecausesof misdiagnosisandimprovetheaccuracyofdiagnosis.Methods 18caseswithatypicalpulmonaryhamartomasconfirmedbypathology inourhospitalwerecollectedretrospectively,including9 malesand9females.18caseswereexaminedbychestCTscans,among which,2caseswithplainscans,and16caseswithenhancedscans.TheresultsofCTimagingwereanalyzedbytwoassociatechief radiologistswithdoubleblindmethod,observingthelesionlocation,size,edge,border,density,enhancementfeatures,theremaining lungtissue,theageofonset,history,andclinicalmanifestations.Results Inall18cases,3caseswereendotracheallesion,ofwhich1 casewasinleftmainbronchus,theothertwowereinrightmiddleandupperbronchusrespectively,showingcalcificationdensityand subsequentatelectasis;15caseswereperipherallesions,including7casespresentingrightpulmonarynodulesand8casespresenting leftpulmonarynodules.Allperipheralcasesweresolitarypulmonarynoduleswithoutcalcificationandfatdensity.Thediameterof nodulesrangedfrom0.3cmto2.1cm.5casesshowedsmoothroundisolatednodulesand10casesshowedshallowlobulatednodules. In16casesofenhancedscan,1lesionshowedremarkableenhancement,6lesionsshowedslightlyenhancement,and9lesionsshowed nosignificantenhancement.Conclusion PulmonaryhamartomaislackofcharacteristicofCTimaging,whichisthemainreasonof misdiagnosis.Recognizingitsdiverseimageperformancesincludingshallowlobulation,roughedge,remarkableenhancementandetc. helpsusavoidmisdiagnosis.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosing prostate cancer among Chinese patients.Materials and Methods A Meta-analysis was performed on papers relating to diagnostic value of MRS and DWI in Chinese patients with prostate cancer for the recently ten years using Review Manager 5.2 and Meta-Disc software.QUADAS was employed to assess the quality of qualified articles based on the calculated sensitivity,specificity,diagnostic odds ratio and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of MRS and DWI.Results Ten relevant literatures were enrolled.Heterogeneity of sensitivity and specificity was excluded in accordance to results of Meta-analysis,and hence the combination was feasible.The combination results indicated that AUC of ROC for DWI and MRS were 0.8979 and 0.9302,respectively;sensitivity was 0.83 and 0.87,respectively;specificity was 0.84 and 0.86,respectively;DOR was 22.71 and 41.31,respectively.Conclusion MRS is higher than DWI in terms of diagnostic value of prostate cancer as well as its sensitivity and specificity.When prostate cancer is untypical in DWI findings or not clear in its diagnosis,MRI results can be further consulted.This paper investigated the value of DWI and MRS in diagnosing prostate cancer through quantitative system evaluation,providing evidence-based medicine reference for using imaging methods to diagnose prostate cancer.

The condition of birth defects in our country is very serious,which impose an enormous burdenon the families and society.Under the vision of care ethics,this paper emphasizes understanding and caring,analyzes the ethical dilemma in the prevention of birth defects and puts forward the prevention measures in line with the codes of ethics,aiming at strengthening the practical effect of birth defects prevention work,caring about the physical and mental health of child-bearing female,and promoting social development.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and vacuum sealing drainage technique on patients with diabetic foot and arteriosclerosis obliteration of the lower extremity.Methods Sixty-four patients were divided into two groups.Group A (32 patients) were treated by traditional methods,while 32 patients in Group B treated by vacuum sealing drainage technique in addition to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.Results One week after surgery,ABI in group A was 0.53 ±0.17 vs 0.85 ±0.27 in group B,P =0.00.Ulcer healing rate increased from 31.25％ in group A to 81.25％ in group B,P ＜0.01.The amputation rate decreased from 56.25％ in group A to 18.75％ in group B,P =0.00.Claudication distance extended and ulcer recurrence rate in group A was 40％,while in group B it was 0,P =0.00.Conclusion The combination of PTA and vacuum sealing drainage significantly improves the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot and arteriosclerosis obliteration of the lower extremity.

Objective To investigate the difference of cerebral inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS) and healthy controls ( HC) by a newly developed voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity ( VMHC) method based on resting-state functional MRI ( rs-fMRI) , as well as its correlation to the structural imaging indices and clinical neurological scales .Methods Twenty patients with ALS ( ALS group ) and 20 age-, and sex-matched healthy controls ( HC group) were examined by rs-fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) on 3.0 T MR imaging system ( Siemens Trio Tim ).The rs-fMRI data preprocessing were performed using data processing assistant for rs-fMRI ( DPARSF) based on Matlab 2009a, and the rs-fMRI data analysis toolkit ( REST) with an automated VMHC approach was utilized to calculate and compare the VMHC correlation coefficients between the ALS group and the HC group[P<0.05, corrected with false discovery rate (FDR)].Region of interest (ROIs) were prescribed on the regions which showed abnormal VMHC coefficients in ALS group , then the mean time series of the ROIs were extracted to examine the difference of the seed ( ROIs)-based functional connectivity between the ALS and HC groups.At last, linear correlations were performed to assess the relationships among the VMHC coefficients and clinical measures including the revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale ( ALSFRS-r) score, disease duration , the rate of disease progression and fractional anisotropy ( FA) values of the corpus callosum ( CC).Results Compared with HC group , the patients with ALS showed lower VMHC coefficients in the precentral gyrus ( M1 ) , postcentral gyrus ( PCG ) , inferior parietal lobule (IPL), cuneus/precuneus (Cu/Pcu), and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC).Higher VMHC coefficients were found in the supplementary motor area , superior frontal gyrus , and middle occipital gyrus (P<0.05,FDR corrected).Significant functional connectivity alterations were detected in motor cortex and frontal/temporal/occipital lobe between the ALS and HC groups using seed ( ROIs )-based functional connectivity based on the regions which showed abnormal VMHC coefficients in ALS group ( P <0.05, AlphaSim corrected, clusters≥228 voxels).Significant positive correlation was detected between the VMHC coefficients (0.311 ±0.108) of M1 and FA values (0.394 ±0.016) of CC III region (r=0.530, P=0.016), between the VMHC coefficients (0.767 ±0.043) of ACC and FA values (0.360 ±0.105) of CC I region (r=0.513, P=0.021), respectively.Significant positive correlation was observed between VMHC coefficients (0.311 ±0.108) of M1 and the ALSFRS-r score (35.4 ±2.5) in ALS patients(r=0.447, P=0.048).There was not significant correlation observed between the VMHC coefficients and disease duration , or the ratio of disease prognosis (P>0.05).Conclusions Abnormal VMHC coefficients were detected in ALS patients.The decreased VMHC in ACC and M1 are associated with the reduced micro-structure integrity of CC, meanwhile, and they may be related to disease severity.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of DTI for prostate cancer.Methods From October 2009 to December 2010,44 patients suspected of prostate cancer received MRI and DTI.The data of MRI and DTI were analyzed retrospectively.By histopathology,prostate cancer was proved in 16 patients,and benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) was proved in 28 patients.Differences in ADC and FA values between prostate cancer and BPH were compared by independent samples t test.Diagnostic accuracy of FA value and ADC value for prostate cancer was analyzed by using ROC curve,and the diagnostic threshold of FA value and ADC value for prostate cancer was determined.Results The mean FA value of the tumor regions and BPH were 0.308 +0.084 and 0.203 ±0.029,respectively.The mean ADC value of the tumor regions and BPH were (0.883 +0.192) × 10 -3 mm2/s and ( 1.408 ±0.130) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in ADC and FA values between tumor regions and BPH (t values were 4.833 and 10.779 respectively,P＜0.01).The ADC value area under curve of ROC was 0.996 (95％ CI was 0.984 to 1.007) ; the FA value area under curve of ROC was 0.904(95％ CI was 0.812 to 0.996) ; Combined the FA and ADC value area under curve of ROC is 0.996(95％ CI was 0.984to 1.007) ; Using the ADC value of 0.725 × 10 3 mm2/s as the ROC cut off point,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100.0％ and 96.0％,respectively; Using the FA value of 0.311as the ROC cut off point,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 100.0％ and 68.7％,respectively.Conclusion DTI imaging can provide valuable information for prostate cancer diagnosis and differential diagnosis,and improve the diagnosis ability of prostate cancer.

The effect of Smac gene on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the molecular mechanism were investigated.The Smac gene was transfected into PC-3 cells under the induction of liposome.The intrinsic Smac gene expression was detected by Western blotting.After treatment with TRAIL as an apoptosis inducer,in vitro cell growth activity was assayed by MTT colorimetry.The apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells was determined by annexin V -FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry.The expression of cellular XIAP and caspase-3 genes was examined by Western blotting.Smac-transfected cells (PC-3/Smac group) had significantly increased Smac protein level as compared with PC-3 controls (P＜0.01).After induction with 100-200 ng/mL TRAIL for 12-36 h,cellular proliferation rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly lower than in PC-3 controls (P＜0.05).After induction with 100 ng/mL TRAIL for 24 h,the apoptosis rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly enhanced as compared with that of PC-3 controls (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the XIAP expression level was down-regulated significantly (P＜0.05) and caspase-3 subunit P20 was up-regulated significantly (P＜0.05).It is suggested that the over-expression of cellular Smac can inhibit inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs),enhance caspases activity and the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells induced by TRAIL,which may provide a useful experimental basis for prostate cancer therapy.