A large number of laboratory and clinical researches have indicated that the occurrence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is mainly related to the following factors: the inflammatory reaction, the injury of vascular wall, the aggregation of platelet, the formation of thrombus, the hyperplasia of vascular endotheliocyte, etc. The corresponding parameters related to the above mentioned factors can be regarded as the clinical predictors of restenosis after pereutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This paper aims to make a summarization of some kinds of clinical predictors which are related to inflammation.

The disability and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases are high,and they cause significant harm to human health.A number of studies have found that a great many factors participated in the pathophysiological processes of cerebrovascular diseases including Rho-associated kinse.This article reviews the mechanisms of action on Rho-associated kinase in the pathophysiological processes of cerebrovascular diseases.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is closely correlated with the pathophysiological processes of cerebral edema,inflammatory reaction and apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage.As a specific brain-derived protein,the different levels of S100B may present different physiological and pathological effects.Its concentration can reflect the degree of central nervous system damage.This article reviews the action mechanisms of MMP-9 and S100B in intracerebrai hemorrhage.

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is the most w idely expressed receptor in the Toll-like receptor family, and is also an important pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system to pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, TLR2 can also identify endogenous risk signals and participate in non -pathogenic microbial inflammatory reaction in ischemic injury. The role of TLR2 and its signal transduction in ischemic cerebral w hite matter lesions have received more and more attention. This article reviews the relationship between TLR2 and ischemic cerebral white matter lesion.

In-stent restenosis after interventional treatment remains an unsolved and important clinical problem. The proliferation and migration of arterial smooth muscle cells are key events frequently followed by vascular restenosis after angioplasty and continuous inflammation may also be the other important factor for the restenosis after stenting. Study of the pathogenesis of restenosis may find some potentially novel therapeutic pathways for attenuating in-stent restenosis.

A large number of laboratory and clinical researches have indicated that the occurrence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is mainly related to the following factors: the inflammatory reaction,the injury of vascular wall,the aggregation of platelet,the formation of thrombus,the hyperplasia of vascular endotheliocyte,etc.The corresponding parameters related to the above mentioned factors can be regarded as the clinical predictors of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.This paper aims to make a summarization of some kinds of clinical predictors which are related to inflammation.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) is not only found in patients with vascular dementia,Alzheimer's disease,brain trauma,carbon monoxide poisoning Binswanger's disease,mild cognitive impairment,diabetes,but also have a certain proportion in the normal elderly.This article reviews the advances in research on the risk factors,pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,imaging characteristics and treatment of LA.

72 h goups, respectively. A few tissues distant from the hematoma on the way into the cranium were taken from the 2 former groups as control. Immunohistochemistry staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detected expression of complement facters C3 ,complement inhibitor (Clusterin),the infiltration of the inflammatory cells, the proliferation of neuroglia cells and the expression of cytokins.Results The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of complement facter C3 got to the peak at 12~72 h (P

Objective To observe dynamically the effect of nimodipine on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),brain edema and clinical change of dosage at the different time in the patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 108 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into the nimodipine treatment group and the controls randomly,and the treatment group was divided into the group of within 12 h with drug and the group of after 12 h with drug again. All patients were given by dynamic observation of SPECT and clinical curative effect;and they were done by dynamic observation of SPECT and CT taking randomly 10 patients out of the groups of control and treatment.Results The improvement of rCBF,clinical curative effect and edema girdle in the treatment group was significantly better than the control group. Patients of within 12 h with drug also showed better outcome than the patients of after 12 h with drug on clinical curative effect.Conclusion Early stage with nimodipine may be positive factor in the improvement of rCBF,clinical curative effect and lightening edema around the hematoma after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of endovascular stenting on the patients with drop attacks caused by carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis.Methods Two drop attacks patients,who were diagnosed with symptomatic carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis by DSA,were performed endovascular stenting.Case one had four serious artery stenoses at basilar artery,left vertebra artery and subclavian artery.Case two had double internal carotid artery.Six stents were placed,and filter protection devices were used in case two.After operating,the flowing up was performed for nine months or two years.Results The clinical symptoms of two patients were disappeared after operation.Case one performed flowing up for 9 months after operation,but he died by infarction of brain stem for his irregular taking medicine for 3 months since 6 months after operation.During flowing up for 2 years,case two was no relapse and no restenosis by DSA peoformed at 1 year after operating.Conclusions Endovascular stenting is a safe and efficient method for treating the patients with drop attacks caused by carotid artery or vertebra-basilar artery stenosis.