Objective To set up a neural network model and system to be applied in color selection of anterior porcelain prosthesis, and to improve its cosmetic effect. Methods The image was automatically captured by digtal camera, and pre processed. The values based on the three stimulation value were adopted for the colour selection and tooth colour matches from nine zone colors with 21 point smoothly transitional calculation. The three dimension view of the teeth was recovered. Tooth colors storage was set up and the characteristics for sample teeth and lost teeth were selected and retrieved to match the colour through artificial neural network automatically for personalized design of teeth colour. Results The method of anterior prosthesis for computerized color selection based on artificial neural network had a higher accuracy. By comparision, the satisfaction of patients, dentists and viewers was much higher than that without computer aided design, and patients' eveluation for the prosthesis was higher than that of dentists. Conclusion The design system for colour selection of the front tooth prosthesis has a great value in clinical application, and it has developed the theory of artificial neural network used in the field of stomatology.

BACKGROUND:There are many kinds of ways to obtain osteoblasts at present, but how to get high-purity osteoblasts in a easy and fast way has become a hot research.
OBJECTIVE:To explore a method to get massive and high purified osteoblasts effectively by comparing three common primary osteoblast culture methods, and to observe the biological characteristics of the osteoblasts from the skul of neonatal rabbit.
METHODCalvarias were dissected from newborn New Zealand white rabbits within 24 hours, and osteoblasts were isolated with bone tissue method, col agenase digestion method and modified tryptase and col agenase sequential digestion method respectively, then the cells were subcultured in vitro. Osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic activity were identified by inverted microscope for morphology observation. The rate of living osteobalsts was counted with trypan blue staining. The growth curve of the cells was drawn with MTT method. Alizarin red staining was applied to detect alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin protein in the cellculture supernatants. Col agen I and col agen III immunohistochemical staining was also performed. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of osteocalcin and col agen I mRNA expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cultured cells showed highly homogeneous appearance with active proliferation, and they had the typical features of osteoblasts. Alizarin red staining and col agen I immunohistochemical staining were both positive, while col agen III immunohistochemical staining was negative. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin protein expression in the cellculture supernatants can be detected. The expression of osteocalcin and col agen I mRNA was positive in the RT-PCR test. Compared with col agenase digestion method, the modified tryptase and col agenase I sequential digestion method cost less time, presented higher production of osteoblasts and higher cellsurvival rate (P<0.05). Bone tissue method was the easiest method and did the least damage to osteoblasts, but it presented lowest production of osteoblasts and cost the maximum time among the three methods. So it cannot be used in large-scale osteoblast culture. A large quantity of high purity osteoblasts were obtained by modified trypsase and col agenase I sequential digestion method, which can be used as a reliable and efficient way to obtain the original generation osteoblasts in vitro.

Objective To discuss the mechanism of injury,treatment decisions,complications and surgical results of the floating hip injuries (FHI).Methods Thirty-three patients with FHI were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from June 2001to June 2011.There were 25 males and 8 females,with an average age of 34.6 years (range,4-73 years).The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision for 20 patients,fall down from a height for 11,crushed injury for 1,and sports-related injury for 1.According to Liebergall classification for the floating hip injuries,there were 7 cases for type Ⅰ (21.2％),9 for type Ⅱ (27.2％)and 17 for type Ⅲ (51.6％).All patients had associated injuries,the average injury severity score (ISS) was 28.9.Thirty-two of the femoral fractures underwent surgical stabilization of their femoral fractures.Surgical stabilization methods included ORIF or intramedullary nailing (29 cases),external fixation (1 case),total hip arthroplasty (2 cases).Acetabular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in 16 cases.Thirteen patients suffered pelvic fractures underwent surgical stabilization for at least one component of ring disruption.Results Twenty-eight cases (84.8％) were followed up for 2.3 to 10.1 years (average,3.5 years).Thirteen patients were followed up in the 16 patients who suffered type Ⅰ or Ⅱ fractures.According to Majeed functional evaluation,the results were excellent in 8 cases,good in 3 and fair in 2,with the excellent and good rate being 84.6％.Fifteen patients with type Ⅲ were followed up,according to D'Aubigné and Postel evaluation criterion.The joint functions were excellent in 7 cases,good in 4,fair in 3,and poor in 1,with the excellent and good rate being 73.3％.According to Ma Yuanzhang functional evaluation,the knee functions of the all patients were excellent in 23 cases,good in 3,and fair in 2,with the excellent and good rate being 92.9％.Complications seen in these patients included post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the hip developed in one hips,2 patients developed heterotopic ossification (HO),one case of avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and two femoral nonunions.The most severe complication was traumatic sciatic nerve palsy,which was found in 5 patients.Conclusion Ipsilateral injuries to the femur and the pelvis or acetabulum (floating hip) are severe injuries usually caused by high-energy trauma.The femur fracture will most commonly be addressed first,and surgeons should be aware of the high incidence of sciatic nerve palsy as well as treatment options and potential complications associated with this devastating combination of injuries.

BACKGROUND: It has become a hot issue to treat malignant tumors with retroviral mediated cytokines. But it remains a controversy whether retroviral mediated γ-interferon(IFN-γ) is valid in killing glioma cells and prolonging the survival of tumor carriers.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of retrovital mediated γ-interferon on the growth of glioma and the survival of tumor-carrying rats.DESIGN: Completely ramdomized trial based on animals.SETTING: Neurosurgery department of a hospital affiliated to a university.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted in the Neurosurgery Institute of Harbin Medical Unicersity from July 2002 to July 2004. The subjects were 60 male Wistar rats provided by the Animal Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Unicersity. They were randomly assigned into 3groups: C6 control group, C6/PA317neo control group and C6/PA317IFN-γ treatment group, 20 in each group.INTERVENTIONS: Retroviral vector containing murine IFN-γ gene was transferred into retroviral package cell PA317. A high titer PA317IFN-γ cell line was obtained after G418 resistance screening. In the right basal ganglion area 1 × 106 C6 cells was injected in each of the rats. The rats in C6groups received no more intervention. Those in C6/PA317neo control group received injection of 1 × 106 PA317IFN-γ cells in the right basal ganglion 4days after C6 injection. Those in C6/PA317IFN-γ treatment group received injection of 1 × 106 PA317IFN-γ cells in the right basal ganglion 4 days after selected from each group to be kill, and the brains were taken out to make frozen sections for SABC immunohistochemical staining. The CD4 and CD8 T was measured with imaging processing software under microscope.RESULTS: The mean survival time of rats in C6 and C6/PA317neo control groups was(27.10 ± 0.82) days and (26.60 ± 0.93) days respectively( P ＞ 0.05), while that in treatment group was(49.30 ± 4. 17) days and there were five rats outlived beyond 60 days( P ＜ 0.01 vs the two controls). The tumor volume in the two control groups was of no difference but the tumor volume in treatment was significantly smaller than that in control groups( P ＜ 0. 01 ) . The CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes infiltration in treatment group was more than that in control groups( P ＜ 0.01) and there was no difference between the two controls( P ＞ 0.05) . It was also revealed through immunohistochemical examination that in treatment group there was Brdu positive cells on the 7th day and they disappeared on the 16th day. But there was no Brdu positive cells in the control groups.CONCLUSION: Intratumor injection of PA317IFN-γ induces anti-tumor immunal reaction in rats. Retroviral mediated IFN-γ inhibits tumor growth and prolongs rat survival.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anal atresia.Methods A retrospective analysis was studied from January 2013 to December 2015 which analyzed abnormal sonographic features by prenatal ultrasound screening in 13 cases of anal atresia.Results 13 cases of anal atresia were confirmed after abortion,miscarriage or birth which were not probed target ring signby prenatal ultrasound screening.That included 2 simple atresia cases and 11 cases associated with other malformations and abnormalities including 8 cases with bowel dilatation and 3 cases with intestine visible echogenic meconium. Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound screening for fetal congenital anal atresia can be detected.But for lacking of specific diagnostic standard,the detection rate of anal atresia remains very low.

The implant-supported prosthesis has gradually become the preferred treatment for patients with partial edentulous or complete edentulous. Causes for the implant failure have been discussed in the majority of studies conducted in recent years, while their risk factors are still controversial. Patient factors (gender, age, smoking, osteoporosis, diabetes, medication, periodontitis and bruxism), clinical parameters (implant area, bone quality, implant size) and doctor factors (surgical-related factors, prosthesis-related factors) will all affect implant failure. This article presents typical clinical cases and reviews the potential risk factors for dental implant failure, in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the feasibility and practicality of the navigational template for antegrade lag screw fixation of the fractures in the posterior column of acetabulum.Methods Spiral CT scan data of 40 normal adult pelvis was collected.3D CT scans of pelvics were performed.Virtual 3D pelvic models were reconstructed with software Mimics 10.01.Virtual cylindrical implants were placed along the longitudinal axis of the acetabular posterior column via the ischial tuberosity among the ipsilateral hemipelvis and some anatomical parameters were measured.To adjust cylinder position to determine the best projection point,the shortest distance of the point to the linea terminalis and the anterior border of the auricular surface,the angle between the cylindrical and the coronal plane (α),and the angle between the quadrilateral district and iliac fossa plane (β) were measured respectively.The 3D models were imported into software UG 6.0.The models of navigational templates were designed according to the anatomic features of the acetabulums and the measured parameters.16 cases of dry left side of pelvis specimens were collected.Simulate acetabular posterior column screw fixation from different screw holes and verify the accuracy of navigation template assisted in the nail.Results The navigational templates was designed and manufactured successfully which was more consistent with the anatomical features of the quadrilateral plane.Placement of lag screw from the first hole:6.3％ achieved accurate positioning,75％ well positioning,and 18.7％ loose.From the second hole:81.3％ had accurate positioning,18.7％ well positioning.From the third hole:37.5％ had accurate positioning,62.5％ loose.Conclusion The navigational template designed according to the anatomic features of acetabulum and the measured parameters can accurately assist lag screw placement.

Four phthalocyanines (iron tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, copper tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, manganese tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, cobalt tetracarboxylphthalocyanine) were used as dual functional mimic enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The first function, eliminating O2－, was proved by using riboflavine-methionine photoreduction method in the concentration range of 10－5 to 10－6 mol/L. The second function, clearing out H2O2, was demonstrated by means of spectrophotometry with the decomposing percentage being increased with the increase of the concentration of the imitating compounds. Measurements of metal phthalocyanines, SOD and CAT by the liver homogenate technique of mice showed that they had obvious action of decreasing the lipid peroxidation.

Four phthalocyanines (iron tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, copper tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, manganese tetracarboxylphthalocyanine, cobalt tetracarboxylphthalocyanine) were used as dual functional mimic enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The first function, eliminating O2－, was proved by using riboflavine-methionine photoreduction method in the concentration range of 10－5 to 10－6 mol/L. The second function, clearing out H2O2, was demonstrated by means of spectrophotometry with the decomposing percentage being increased with the increase of the concentration of the imitating compounds. Measurements of metal phthalocyanines, SOD and CAT by the liver homogenate technique of mice showed that they had obvious action of decreasing the lipid peroxidation.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of estimation on intracranial pressure of patients withbrain injury by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with uhrasonography.Methods From July 2008 to December 2011,90 patients with brain injury were selected.According to the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),they were divided into experimental group 1 (60 cases with light and medium brain injury,GCS 9-15 scores) and experimental group 2 (30 cases with severe brain injury,G CS 3-8 scores).The conventional physical examination 50 cases and volunteers 50 cases in neural surgical outpatient were selected as control group.ONSD of all groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital by ultrasonography with different time after admission.The intracranial pressure was measured at 0.5-1.0 h after ultrasonography by lumbar vertebra puncturing in different groups and analyzed statistically.Results After admission 1,3,7,14 d; ONSD in experimental group 1 respectively was (4.49 ± 0.31),(4.45 ±0.28),(4.41 ±0.32),(4A3 ±0.25) mm;ONSD in experimental group 2 respectively was (5.69 ±0.32),(6.30 ± 0.47),(5.71 ± 0.26),(4.77 ± 0.36) mm.After admission 1,3,7,14 d ;the intracranial pressure in experimental group 1 respectively was (78 ± 16),(83 ± 17),(90 ± 15),(82 ± 14) mmH2O (1 mmH2O =0.0098 kPa) ;the intracranial pressure in experimental group 2 respectively was (230 ± 22),(269 ± 21),(228 ± 13),(147 ± 22) mumH2O.ONSD and the intracranial pressure was (4.58 ± 0.41)mm and(88 ± 10) mmH2O in control group.ONSD and the intracranial in Experimental group 1 and control group had no difference (P ＞0.05); those of control group and experimental group 2,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 had difference (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions ONSD and the intracranial pressure in light,medium brain injury patients have no change.In patients with severe brain injury after different time,the intracranial pressure change differently,ONSD enlargement with the intracranial pressure rising,examination of ONSD by ultrasonography can reflect the changes of the intracranial pressure,it is a new method to evaluate the intracranial pressure,has the certain application value.