Objective: To determine the effect of K ATP on the reduction of blood pressure variability (BPV) caused by adenosine in conscious, freely moving sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. Methods: Using computerized analytic system of blood pressure (BP), five groups treated with adenosine, adenosine A 1 receptor agonist N 6 cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), A 2 receptor agonist 5′ N cyclopropyl carboxamido adenosine (CPCA), ATP sensitive K + channel (K ATP ) blocker glibenclamide, and CPCA with the K ATP blocked by glibenclamide in advance were used. BP, heart period (HP) and BPV were analyzed. Results: Both adenosine and CPCA significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats, but CPA had no influence on it. Glibenclamide markedly reduced BPV in SAD rats as well, furthermore, it might antagonize the effect of CPCA on BPV by blocking K ATP . Conclusion: K ATP plays an important role in the development of high BPV in SAD rats. [

Objective:Glucose-insulin-potassium(GIK) is clinically used for reducing mortality in acute myocardial infarction(MI). It is known that ventricular arrhythmia, left ventricular dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity(BRS) are the three major determinants for predicting the mortality after acute MI. The present work was designed to study the effects of GIK on BRS, ventricular arrhythmia, and left ventricular function in rats with coronary artery ligature. Sprague-Dawley rats were used and the myocardial infarction was produced by ligature of the left anterior descending artery. Five weeks after coronary artery ligation, BRS was measured in conscious state with a computerized blood pressure monitoring system and left ventricular function and electrocardiogram were determined in the anaesthetized state in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction. It was found that GIK did not affect the blood pressure and heart period in both conscious and anaesthetized rats. GIK did not enhance BRS, but reduced ventricular arrhythmia and improved left ventricular function by reducing left ventricular end diastolic pressure in anaesthetized rats with MI. It is proposed that reducing ventricular arrhythmia and improving left ventricular function contribute to the effect of GIK on reducing the mortality after MI.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Intravenous Injection of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari on acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) in anesthetized dogs. Methods: Twenty health dogs were treated by ligating descending anterior of coronary with two-step method. The changes of electrocardiogram before and after ligation were recorded. After 4 hours myocardium were taken out and dyed with NBT to make sure of the extent of myocardiac infarction.Results: Intravenous Injection of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari could decrease the lethality of AMI, ameliorated ST changes on electrocardiogram induced by AMI, and reduced infarction area. Conclusions: Intravenous Injection of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is effective in the treatment of AMI in anesthetized dogs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of arterial baroreflex(ABR)on survival rate of rats with cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced sepsis.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups:sham-operated rats(n=22)and sinoaortic denervated(SAD)rats(n=22).Four weeks after SAD rats were subjected to CLP-induced sepsis,the blood pressure and heart period(HP)were monitored for 12 hours in conscious state and the survival of rats was observed.Results:Both the diastolic and systolic blood pressue gradually decreased after CLP;the HP shortened first and then drastically prolonged until the death of rats.At 12 h after CLP the survival rate of SAD rats was lower than that of the sham-operated rats(59% vs 86%).Significant differences were found between the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the rats in 2 groups(P

Objective To investigate the effect of baicalain on high expression of ECM and TGF-?1 in proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured in high glucose concentration. Methods LLC-PK1 cells were divided into six groups: (1)normal glucose group(NG, 5. 5 mmol/L D-glucose), (2)high glucose group(HG, 25 mmol/L D-glucose), (3) HG + PKC inhibitor(10?mol/L chelerythrine chloride), (4)HG + baicalein(50 ?mol/L), (5) HG + baicalein(100 ?mol/L), (6) HG + baicalein (200 ?mol/L) . PKC activity was detected. Expression of ColⅣ, FN and TGF-?1 was examined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry(ABC) techniques. Results At concentrations of 100 ?mol/L and 200 ?mol/L, baicalein decreased membranous PKC activity in LLC-PK1 cells by 42% and 68% , respectively ( P

Purpose To evaluate apoptosis in renal tissue of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and therelationship between the existence of apoptosis cells in renal tissue and histopathological or clinical changes.Methods Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsies from 25patients with type Ⅳ LN, 12 patients with IgAN, 4 patients with MsPGN, and 3 patients with APSGN. Normalrenal tissue obtained at nephrectorny for hypemephroma in 4 adults was used as control. In addition, proliferatingcells were identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in these patients. Results Compared to otherproliferative glomerulonephritis and control,the patients with lupus nephritis had less apoptosis cells, higher ratio ofPCNA+ cells/TdT+ cells/(P/T) in renal tissues;Ratio of P/T in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium correlated withthe chronicity index, r=0. 498 3(P = 0. 013 2), r = 0. 839 9(P＜ 0.001 ), r = 0. 661 4(P = 0. 003 3),respectively. Ratio of P/T in glomerulus and tubule had positive correlation with 24 hour urinary protein, r =0.855 4(P＜0.001),r=0.713 4(P=0. 001); negative correlation with Ccr, r = - 0. 488 0(P =0. 013 3)and r = - 0. 722 9(P = 0. 001), which in tubules positively correlated with Scr, r = 0. 410 7 (P = 0.041 4 ).Conclusions Apoptosis is insufficient in proliferative lupus nephritis. Intense proliferation without followingincrease in apoptosis may be related to chronic progressive renal histopatholcgical changes.

Objective To construct DNA vaccine expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) immunodominant antigen Ag85A and analyze its anti-tuberculosis T cell responses in BCG primed-mice after DNA vaccination boosting.Methods The coding gene of Ag85A mature fragment was amplified by PCR with H37Rv genomic DNA as template,and then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to construct Ag85A DNA vaccine.After purification,Ag85A DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly twice in BCG primed-mice with BCG vaccination and DNA vaccination alone as control.Eight weeks post-vaccination,spleen lymphocytes were separated and were then used to analyze Mtb antigen specific effector T cell response and polyfuntional IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 secreting CD4+ T cell frequencies and intensities,and CD8+T cell responses by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay and intracellular staining,respectively.Results Compared to BCG vaccinated-and DNA vaccinated-mice,Ag85A DNA boosting not only enhanced significantly BCG primed-mice IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+,IFN-γ+ IL-2+,TNF-α+IL-2+ and IL-2+ CD4+ T cell frequencies and IL-2 secretion,but also improved significantly IFN-γ-secreting and IL-2-secreting CD8+ T cell frequencies.Condusion Ag85A DNA vaccine was constructed successfully and was demonstrated to enhance significantly BCG primed-mice Mtb antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses when boosting,which is beneficial to improve BCG immunogenicity and its waning immune protection against Mtb.

Objective:Clonidine,by activating peripheral α-sbrenoceptors, produces transient pressor response after i.v.injection in anesthetized animals.Moxonidine, with at least 40-fold higher affinity to I1-imidazoline receptors than to α2-adrenoceptors,produces also a transient pressor response. This work was designed to investigate whether I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in this pressor effect of moxonidine. Methods:Female spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs,aged 14-16 weeks)were anesthetized with urethane.To observe the transient pressor responses,moxonidine 0.1,0.3,1.0mg/kg(intravenous,i.v),2.0μg(intracerebroventricular,i.c.v.)and 1.0,10.0mg/kg(intragastric,i.g.)were administrated in different groups of rats.To evaluate the roles of α1-adrenoceptors,α2-adrenoceptors and I1-imidazoline receptors in the transient pressor responses to moxonidine, prazosin(10.0μg/kg),yohimbine(2.0mg/kg),phentolamine(0.2mg/kg),idazoxan(1.0mg/kg)or yohimbine+idazoxan(2.0mg/kg+1.0mg/kg)were intravenously given to the animals before moxonidine 0.3mg/kg (i.v.).Results:It was found that i.v.moxonidine produced a greater pressor response than clonidine when producing a similar reduction of blood pressure.This effect of moxonidine was not influenced by prazosin, but was partly inhibited by yohimbine, phentolamine or idazoxan,and completely blocked by the combination of yohimbine and idzaxon.Neither i.c.v.injection nor i.g. administration of moxonidine induced transient pressor responses.Conclusion:The transient pressor response of i.v. moxonidine is mediated by both peripheral I1-imidazoline receptors and α2-adrenoceptors.

Objective To evakuate apoptosis in lupus nephritis and the relationship between the existence of apoptotic cells in renal tissue and histopathological or clinical changes. Methods Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsies from 25 patients with type Ⅳ lupus nephritis (LN),12 patientswith lgA nephropathy lgAN, 4 patients with idiopathic easangnioproliferative lomerulonephritis(MsPGN) and 3 patients with acute poststreptococcal gornerulonephritis (APGN).Normal renal tissue obtained at nephrectomy for hypernephroma in 4 adults wes used as control. Proliferating cells were identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in these patiants. Results Compared to other proliferative glomerulonephritis and controls, the patients with lupus nephritis had lase apoptotic cells, a higher ratio of PCNA+cells/TdT+cells (P/T) in renal tissues; and their P/T ratio in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium correlated with the chronicity index, r=0.4983 (P=0.0132), r -0.8399 (P＜0.001), r=0.6614 (,P=0.0033),respactively. P/T retios in the glomerulus and tubule had a positive correlation with 24-hour urinary protein,r=0.8554(P＜0.001) and r=0.7134 (P=0.001); and a negative correlation with crsetinine clearance (Ccr), r=-0.4880(P=0.0133) and r=-0.7229(P=0.001),which in tubules positively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr), r=0.4107 (P=0.0414). Conclusions Apoptosis is reduced in proliferative lupus nephritis. Intense proliferation without a commensurate increase in apoptosis is a possible mechanism that leads to chronic progressive renalhistopathological changes.

Objective To explore the caregiver burden and psychological resilience of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and the correlation between the two factors.Methods Totally 96 caregivers of dilated cardiomyopathy patients were selected by convenience sampling and investigated for their level of burden and psychological resilience with the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and Conor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The correlation between the two factors was then analyzed.Results The CBI score of these caregivers was (47.19±10.38), significantly higher than the average level nationwide (24.2±5.8). Their CD-RISC score was (63.07±13.18), lower than (65.4±13.9) of China's community population. There was apparent negative correlation between caregiver burden and psychological resilience (r=-0.62,P<0.01). The total score of resilience was negatively related to the burden of development constraint, social burden and emotional burden (r=-0.72, -0.65, -0.51;P<0.01).Conclusions The caregivers of dilated cardiomyopathy patients have a heavy burden, which is negatively correlated with their psychological resilience. Therefore, measures should be taken in clinical work to optimize the caregivers' psychological resilience, reduce their burden, and improve their quality of care.