Objective To evaluate the value of neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin (NGAL) for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass established. Method 120 children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in this prospectively study. Serial urine samples were analyzed by ELISA for NGAL expression. The primary outcome measure was AKI, which was defined as a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine from baseline. Result 21 children ( 17.5% ) developed AKI. Urine concentrations of NGAL increased after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established for 2 hours. The concentration of NGAL in urine after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established for 2 hours was used to diagnose AKI. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0. 96, the sensitivity was 92%, and the specificity was 91% for the cutoff value of 100ng/mg Cr. Conclusion Concentrations of NGAL in urine might be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for early prediction of AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of titanium implant on the growth and development of pediatric mandible after suffering from mandibular fracture and undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) compared with those that underwent titanium plate removal postoperatively.

METHODSFifteen pediatric patients with mandibular fracture who underwent ORIF were included in this study. Eight patients did not undergo titanium implant removal postoperatively, whereas the other seven patients underwent the routine. The postoperative data of the pediatrics were collected for comparative analysis by taking the patients' frontal and lateral photos, recording the inter-incisor distance, and measuring the height of mandibular ramus, length of the mandibular body, and combined length of the mandible in three-dimensional reconstruction image.

RESULTSAll patients had acceptable facial contour, mouth opening, and occlusion, without obvious abnormalities. The radiography showed no significant difference between the bilateral mandibular lengths in the two groups of patients (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe titanium plants have no significant impact on the growth and development of pediatric mandible postoperatively; hence, the question on whether the titanium plates should be removed or not may be neglected. The removal operation may lead to secondary trauma; thus, performing titanium plate removal routinely is not recommended.

Bone Plates ; Dental Implants ; Dental Occlusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Prostheses and Implants ; Time Factors ; Titanium

Objective To investigate whether the gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450(CYP) 2E1 are associated with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxity (ADIH).Methods In this case control study, 339 patients who matched the diagnosis criteria of tuberculosis were included. The gcneral healthy status and liver biochemical parameters were checked in all these patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) technique was used to determine CYP 2Et polymorphisms. The statistic analysis were performed by using both univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The allele frequencies of CYP 2E1 7632T/A, 1019C/T and 1259G/C in 103 tuberculosis patients of ADIH group were 17.5%, 26.2%and 27.2 % respectively, while those in 236 tuberculosis patients of control group were 29.7 % ,39.4 %and 40.7%, respectively (x2 =5.539, P＜0.05; x2 =5.458, P＜0.05; x2 =5.628, P＜0.05). The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the risk of concurrent ADIH was significantly higher in patients with wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2E1-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T than in patients with other genotypes. After adjusted for sex, occupation and alcohol consumption status, the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis also showed that wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2El-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T were significantly associated with higher risk of ADIH. The results of interaction analysis indicated that the wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A and CYP 2E1-1259G/C or CYP 2E1-1019C/T had synergetic effects on the development of ADIH.Conclusions The risk of concurrent ADIH is significantly higher in patients with wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2E1-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T compared to patients with othergenotypes. Wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A and CYP 2E1-1259G/C or CYP 2El-1019C/T have synergetic effects on the development of ADIH.

Pancreatitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the pancreas caused by autodigestion induced by excessive premature protease activation. However, recognition of novel pathophysiological mechanisms remains a still challenge. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, and the gut microbiota is a potential source of an environmental effect. In recent years, several new frontiers in gut microbiota and genetic risk assessment research have emerged and improved the understanding of the disease. These investigations showed that the disease progression of pancreatitis could be regulated by the gut microbiome, either through a translocation influence or in a host immune response manner. Meanwhile, the onset of the disease is also associated with the heritage of a pathogenic mutation, and the disease progression could be modified by genetic risk factors. In this review, we focused on the recent advances in the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, and the genetic susceptibility in pancreatitis.

Objective??To?explore?the?impact?of?titanium?implant?on?the?growth?and?development?of?pediatric?mandible?after?suffering?from?mandibular?fracture?and?undergoing?open?reduction?and?internal?fixation?(ORIF)?compared?with?those?that?underwent?titanium?plate?removal?postoperatively. Methods??Fifteen?pediatric?patients?with?mandibular?fracture?who?underwent?ORIF?were?included?in?this?study.?Eight?patients?did?not?undergo?titanium?implant?removal?postoperatively,?whereas?the?other?seven?patients?underwent?the?routine.?The?postoperative?data?of?the?pediatrics?were?collected?for?comparative?analysis?by?taking?the?patients’?frontal?and?lateral?photos,?recording?the?inter-incisor?distance,?and?measuring?the?height?of?mandibular?ramus,?length?of?the?mandibular?body,?and?combined?length?of?the?mandible?in?three-dimensional?reconstruction?image.?Results?All?patients?had?acceptable?facial?contour,?mouth?opening,?and?occlusion,?without?obvious?abnormalities.?The?radiography?showed?no?significant?difference?between?the?bilateral?mandibular?lengths?in?the?two?groups?of?patients?(P>0.05).?Conclusion?The?titanium?plants?have?no?significant?impact?on?the?growth?and?development?of?pediatric?mandible?postoperatively;?hence,?the?question?on?whether?the?titanium?plates?should?be?removed?or?not?may?be?neglected.?The?removal?operation?may?lead?to?secondary?trauma;?thus,?performing?titanium?plate?removal?routinely?is?not?recommended.