The results of the determination of SACE activity in recent four years were reported. It was found that the levels were 33.5?5.1, 41.6?8.6, 33.4?8.6, 37.2?4.5, 53.6?7.3 and 31.4?13.0 in the healthy persons (37 cases), silicosis (40 cases), lung cancer (30 cases), pulmonary tuberculosis (18 cases), active sarcoidosis (4 cases) and inactive sarcoidosis (3 cases), respectively. The clinical value of the SACE measurement in sarcoidosis was discussed. The results showed that the SACE measurement is helpful to the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis, because the SACE activity was significantly elevated in most cases of active sarcoidosis, decreased during the stage of remission and elevated again during exacerbation. However, sarcoidosis can not be ruled out even though a normal SACE activity is measured. In addition, the SACE activity can also be elevated in the other pulmonary or systemic diseases, but the differentiation of these diseases from sarcoidosis is not difficult clinically. The SACE measurement can not be taken as a predictor of the prognosis of sarcoidosis.

Objective:To study on the mechanism of Chinese medicine in treatment of systematic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and to observe long-term therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine on damage of organs in SLE.Methods:51 cases in-patients and out-patients of SLE from 1999 to 2003 were randomly divided into a treatment group treated with integrated Chinese medicine and western medicine and a control group treated with simple western medicine.Serum intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),adhesion molecule-3(ICAM-3),P-selectin and SLE injury index(SLICC/ACRDI)before and after treatment were observed.Results: ICAM-1,ICAM-3 and P-selectin in the patient of SLE were significantly increased as compared with those in normal persons. After treatment,ICAM-1 and P-seleetin in the treatment group decreased significantly as compared with those control group.The cumulative score of SLE injury index in treatment group was more stable and increased significantly in control group compared with that before treatment.Conclusion:The integrated treatment of Chinese medicine and western medicine with Yangyin Qingre Decoction has significant inhibiting action on the high expression of serum adhension molecule and has significant protective and repairing actions on the injury of organs in the patient of SLE.

Cyanoacrylate adhesive (CA) is a common clinical medical adhesive. In recent years, CA has been used as a securement device for vascular access devices. This paper reviews the development and properties of CA, the effect of CA on catheter failure rate, skin damages, the number and interval time of dressing change, the satisfaction of nurses and patients as well as economic benefits, which provides references for the clinical practice and scientific research.

Objective To explore the mechanism of latent human immunodeficiency ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is unclear, especially in dendritic cells (DC).We hypothesized that DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) binds with HIV-1 may activate HIV-1 provirus.Methods We generated a model by transfecting 293T cells with a DC-SIGN expression plasmid and a HIV-1 5'long terminal repeat (LTR) reporter plasmid, and then stimulated the 293T cells with HIV-1 gp120 protein, wild-type HIV-1 and VSV-G-pNL4.3 pseudotype virus ( without gp120 protein).CEM-Bru cells were transfected with the DC-SIGN expression plasmid and stimulated by HIV-1 gp120 protein.Then HIV-1 replication was detected.The involvement of the ERK, p38 and NF-κB pathways signaling in this response were determined by inhibiting the pathways specifically and detecting the phosphorylation of the signaling kinase.Results The HIV-1 5'LTR was reactivated by HIV-1 gp120 in DC-SIGN-expressing 293T cells.After HIV-1 gp120 protein stimulation of the mold of CEM-Bru cells, the increasing expression of HIV-1 Tat mRNA and HIV-1 p24,which implies early and late HIV-1 provirus replication was reactivated by the HIV-1 gp120/DC-SIGN stimulation.HIV-1 gp120/DC-SIGN stimulation reactivates latent HIV-1 provirus via the NF-κB signal pathway.Conclusion HIV-1 gp120/DC-SIGN stimulation reactivates latent HIV-1 provirus via the NF-κB signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the fatigue experience of the community-dwelling frail elderly to establish the conceptual model.Methods Grounded theory was adopted.With MAXQDA v10.4.15.1for 3 levels coding,the conceptual model of fatigue experience of community-dwelling frail elderly people was structured through constant comparison and in-depth analysis.Results Multi-response,selfmanagement,safe and belonging,hitting rock bottom,accepting and transferring formed the conceptual model.Conclusions Based on the conceptual model,nurses should pay more attention to concern about the fatigue experience of community-dwelling frail elderly people,and probe different assessment methods to enrich comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA),then improve the community health service level and the quality of elderly people's life.

Objective To investigate the role of bacterial flagellin and CD98 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A total of 60 first episode patients with active UC were recruited,including 30 mild and 30 moderate to severe UC cases.The serum of 30 healthy volunteers and normal intestinal tissues surgically removed from 15 colon cancer patients (more than 5 cm away from surgical margins) were collected as control.The content of bacterial flagellin antibodies in peripheral blood were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocyte was measured by flow cytometry (FACS).The expression of bacterial flagellin protein in intestinal mucosa and CD98 in intestinal epithelial basement membrane was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The comparison between two groups was performed with the SNK-q method,the R×C table x2 test was used to analyze the counted data,and the Spearman correlation was used to analyze the rank materials.Results The peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody of control group,mild UC group and moderate to severe group showed an upward trend,which was (7.603±2.118) pg/ml,(13.702±3.131) pg/ml and (20.813±3.004) pg/ml respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (F=13.57,P＜0.01).The expression percentage of bacteria flagella protein in intestinal mucosa of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 3/15,56.67％ and 73.33％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =11.553,P=0.003).The positive rate of CD98 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of the three groups showed an upward trend,which was (28.42±4.31)％,(32.45±6.71)％ and (43.40±5.09) ％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =10.110,P=0.007).The positive rate of CD98 expression in intestinal epithelial cells of the three groups also showed an upward trend,which was 1/15,36.67 ％ and 66.67％ respectively,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (x2 =5.400,P＜0.05).There was positive correlation between the peripheral blood concentration of bacteria flagella protein antibody and the expression of CD98 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (r=0.548,P＜0.05).Conclusion Bacterial flagellin and CD98 may be important factors causing inflammatory reaction activity in UC.

Objective To investigate the change of gastroesophageal reflux including acid reflux,duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) and its effect on expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in the remnant esophagus in different period after esophagectomy for cancer.Methods Thirty-two patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer were selected randomly.Twentyfour-hour pH and spectrometric bilirubin monitoring,endoscopy were periodically performed.Esophageal mucosa samples were obtained by endoscopic biopsy.Expression of COX-2 and TNF-α within remnant esophageal mucosa was detected using immunohistochemical assay.Results ( 1 ) The incidence of reflux esophagitis and extent of acid reflux gradually increased over time after surgery for cancer ( P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) Very low level of COX-2 and TNF-α expression was detected in normal esophageal squamous mucosa.The expression of COX-2 and TNF-α was observed in cytoplasm of basal cell of esophageal epithelium after esophagectomy for cancer.High intensity of COX-2 and TNF-α expression was detected in the metaplastic columnar mucosa.The level of TNF-α expression in the remnant esophagus where reflux esophagitis occurred was higher than that in the normal remnant esophagus ( P =0.0274 ).There was no significant difference in level of COX-2 expression in the remnant esophagus between reflux esophagitis occurred and not ( P =0.7403 ).Conclusion ( 1 ) The extent of acid reflux and incidence of esophagitis gradually increases over time.(2) The expression of COX-2 and TNF-α may represent an early change associated with gastroesophageal reflux.The expression of COX-2 may serve as a molecular marker of gastroesophageal reflux occurred.( 3 ) The durative expression TNF-α is likely involved with the pathogenesis of chronic reflux esophagitis.

Objective To evaluate the value of neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin (NGAL) for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass established. Method 120 children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in this prospectively study. Serial urine samples were analyzed by ELISA for NGAL expression. The primary outcome measure was AKI, which was defined as a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine from baseline. Result 21 children ( 17.5% ) developed AKI. Urine concentrations of NGAL increased after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established for 2 hours. The concentration of NGAL in urine after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established for 2 hours was used to diagnose AKI. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0. 96, the sensitivity was 92%, and the specificity was 91% for the cutoff value of 100ng/mg Cr. Conclusion Concentrations of NGAL in urine might be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for early prediction of AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass had been established.

Objective To evaluate the influence of narrow-band ultraviolet B on lesional microvessel density (MVD),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2)as well as on serum VEGF in patients with psoriasis vulgaris(PV).Methods Fifteen patients with PV were recruited into this study with 10 normal human controls.All patients received NB-UVB phototherapy thrice a week for 4-5 weeks.Prior and after the treatment,psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)was calculated,tissue specimens were taken from non-photoexposed lesions,and sera samples were obtained from these patients.Then,MvD and the expression level of VEGF and MMP-2 were measured by immunohistochemical labeled dextran polymer(LDP)method in the tissue specimens.Also,the serum level of VEGF was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results PASI score remarkably decreased in patients after the photothempy(t=13.35,P＜0.01).The MVDs were 20.52±5.02,7.33±1.24 and 4.26±0.79 capillaries per high power field(400 × amplification),in psoriatic lesions before treatment,after treatment,and normal control tissues,respectively,with a significant difference among the three groups (F=97.57,P＜0.05),and a significant increase was observed in the lesions before treatment compared with those after treatment and normal controls.The serum level of VEGF was 307.55±121.65 ng/L in psoriatic lesions before treatment,significantly higher than that after treatment(163.92±95.57 ng/L),and in normal control skin (139.78±79.06 ng/L),whereas there was no significant difference between the latter two groups(P＞0.05).The positivity rate of MMP-2 was similar among the three groups without statistical difference(P＞0.05).In psoriatic patients,a positive correlation was observed among PASI score,MVD,lesional and serum VEGF levels(P＜0.05),also among the MVD,VEGF and MMP-2 levels in lesions(P＜0.05).but lesional MMP-2 was unrelated to PASI score or sgrum VEGF(both P＞0.05).Conclusions NB-UVB may regulate superficial dermal microvascular proliferation by acting on the expression of VEGF in sera and lesions of psoriatic patients.VEGF and MMP-2 may bOth participate in the proliferation process of microvessels,while MMP-2 is unlikely to be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of NB-UVB.

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2(NAT2)genes and anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatic-injury(ADIH).Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted.One hundred and six cases fulfilling the criteria of ADIH were selected as ADIH group from the patients who received anti-tuberculosis therapy.whereas those patients without any hepatic inj ury related elinical symptoms during three months of follow-up period were selected as control.The genetic polymorphisms of the loci,NAT2481C/T,NAT2-590G/A and NAT2-857G/A,were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique(PCR-RFLP)in patients who received antituberculosis therapy.The major environmental factors and genotypes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic analyses.Results The T,AA allele frequencies of NAT2-481C/T,NAT2-590G/A and NAT2-857G/A were 7.5%,28.8%and 17.9%respectively in ADIH group,and 6.6%,18.9%and 17.5%,respectively in the control group.Univariate analysis demonstrated that the frequency of NAT2 slow acetylation genotype in ADIH group was significantly higher than that in control group with a crude OR(95%CI)of 2.250(1.140-4.441).Among 6 potential risk factors,i.e.education level,occupation,body mass index(BMI),smoking,drinking and the type of tuberculosis,the low BMI and drinking were two risk factors for ADIH.In multivariate analysis,ADIH remained associated with acetylation genotype after adjusting for BMI and drinking status.The adjusted OR(95%CI)was 2.246(1.086-4.644).Conclusion NAT2 slow acetylation genotype may be associated with the occurrence of ADIH.