Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety,and efficacy of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for the treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma(HCH) in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 15 patients with HCH and liver cirrhosis received laparoscopic RFA under general anesthesia between March 2001 and August 2005.There were 6 men and 9 women,with a mean age of 46.2?7.0 years.All the patients had complained of obvious symptoms of abdominal discomfort,pain,or fullness. The etiologic factor of liver cirrhosis was hepatitis B in 13 patients and hepatitis C in 2 patients.The Child classification revealed grade A in 10 patients and grade B in 5 patients.A total of 20 liver lesions located on the surface of the liver or adjacent to the gallbladder,with a mean diameter of 7.2?1.4 cm,were identified preoperatively in the 15 patients by ultrasonography,helical CT scans,or MRI.The platelet count was(31.2?10.4)?10~9/L.Co-morbidities included chronic calculous cholecystitis in 3 patients and diabetes mellitus in 2 patients.Laparoscopic ultrasonography and liver biopsy were routinely performed during the operation.Results Laparoscopic RFA was successfully performed in all the 15 patients and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was conducted simultaneously in 3 patients.The ablation time per lesion was 68.8?34.0 min,and the total operative time was 120.0?28.0 min.No severe complications,such as intraperitoneal hemorrhage,gastrointestinal injury,diaphragmatic injury,bile leakage,and liver function failure,developed during and after the operation.Complete tumor necrosis was achieved in all the 20 lesions(100%,20/20) on contrast-enhanced helical CT scans 1 month after the treatment.During a follow-up period of 5~31 months,symptoms completely disappeared in 13 patients and significantly subsided in 2 patients.Conclusions Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation is a feasible,safe,and effective treatment for hepatic cavernous hemangioma complicating liver cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of surgical resection combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. Methods A total of 18 patients with multifocal HCCs and liver cirrhosis was treated between August 2003 and January 2006. Forty-six hepatic lesions were identified preoperatively by ultrasonography, helical CT, or MRI. Ten patients were found as having 2 lesions, 6 patients having 3 lesions, and 2 patients, 4 lesions. Under general anesthesia, segmental hepatectomy for major lesions (with a 2cm resection margin) and RFA therapy for minor lesions were performed. Results The combination therapy was performed successfully in all the 18 patients. A cholecystectomy was performed simultaneously for gallstones in 2 patients, and a splenectomy with para-esophagogastric devascularization was performed for portal hypertension in 1 patient. The surgical resection time was 37.4?8.8 min, the RFA time per lesion was 25.6 ? 8.9 min, the total RFA time was 39.8 ?14.7 min, the total operative time was 152.4?30.8 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 465.6 ? 171.0 ml. No severe complications, such as intraabdominal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal tract injury, diaphragmatic injury, and liver function failure, developed after operations. No residual tumor was found on the margin of surgical resection and a complete lesion necrosis was achieved in the RFA regions on contrast-enhanced helical CT scanning 1 month after the procedure. During a follow-up period for 6~31 months (mean, 15.5 months), 5 patients were diagnosed as having new malignant nodules and were given a percutaneous RFA therapy. Out of the 5 patients, one died from tumor recurrence and lung metastases, and two patients died from liver failure at 7 and 16 months after treatment, respectively. Conclusions Surgical resection combined with RFA therapy is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment for proper patients with multifocal HCCs and liver cirrhosis, preserving impaired liver functions to the greatest advantages.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of intrasplenic injection of retroviral packaging cells encoding human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and mouse interleukin-12 (mIL-12) fusion gene on the growth of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Methods The retroviral vector GCIL12EIL2PN encoding hIL-2 and mIL-12 fusion gene was constructed. The retroviral packaging cell line PA317 transfected with the vector was injected into the spleens of rats with established chemically induced hepatoma on on the 90th day (early-stage treatment) or the 105th day (late-stage treatment). The survival time and toxic effect were observed. The serum mIL-12 and hIL-2 levels were assayed with ELISA, and the cytotoxicity of the natural killer (NK) cells was measured by means of a 51Cr-release assay using YAC-1 tumor cells as the target. Results The average survival time (after chemical induction) in the early-stage treatment rats and the late-stage treatment rats were 188.1?14.2 days and 168.5?13.6 days, respectively, in IL-12+IL-2 combination gene treatment group, and it was longer than that of IL-12 gene treatment group (168.2?13.4 days and 149.1?13.8 days, respectively, P

Objective: To assess potential mechanisms responsible for the antitumor activities of the streptococcal preparation OK 432.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were transplanted subcutaneously with 5?10 5 B16 melanoma cells and treated with OK 432 (1KE/week?3) or saline (control) intraperitoneally 3 days after the inoculation and tumor size was measured biweekly. The effects of OK 432 on splenocyte cytokines (IL 2, IL 4, IL 6, IL 10, IL 12, IFN ?) production of tumor bearing mice were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: OK 432 significantly inhibited B16 melanoma growth and lengthened the survival time of the mice as compared with control ( P

ObjectiveTo examine the inhibitory effects of berberine compounds， including columbamine， on acetylcholinesterase from the perspectives of drug-target binding affinity and kinetics and explore the blood-brain barrier （BBB） permeability of these compounds in different multi-component backgrounds. MethodThe median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of acetylcholinesterase by berberine compounds including columbamine was measured using the Ellman-modified spectrophotometric method. The binding kinetic parameters （K_off） of these compounds with acetylcholinesterase were determined using the enzyme activity recovery method. A qualitative analysis of the ability of these components to penetrate the BBB and arrive at the brain tissue in diverse multi-component backgrounds （including medicinal herbs and compound formulas） was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS）. ResultBerberine compounds， including columbamine， exhibited strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase， with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range. Moreover， they displayed better drug-target binding kinetics characteristics （with smaller K_off values） than the positive control of donepezil hydrochloride （P<0.01）， indicating a longer inhibition duration of acetylcholinesterase. Berberine components such as columbamine could penetrate the BBB to arrive at brain tissue in the form of a monomer， as well as in the multi-component backgrounds of Coptis and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex medicinal extracts and the compound formula Huanglian Jiedutang. ConclusionThese berberine compounds such as columbamine exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and can arrive at brain tissue in multi-component backgrounds. In the level of pharmacological substance， this supports the clinical efficacy of compound Huanglian Jiedutang in improving Alzheimer's disease， providing data support for elucidating the pharmacological basis of compound Huanglian Jiedutang.

ObjectiveTo identify the prototypical components and metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus（SCF） based on sequential metabolism combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MethodBlood and cerebrospinal fluid samples of integrated metabolism， intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were collected from male SD rats after gavage and in situ intestinal perfusion administration， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and compare the differences in the spectra of SCF extract， blank plasma， administered plasma， blank cerebrospinal fluid and administered cerebrospinal fluid with ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 µm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-7 min， 95%B； 7-12 min， 95%-35%B； 12-17 min， 35%-15%B； 17-20 min， 15%-12%B； 20-22 min， 12%-5%B； 22-23 min， 5%B； 23-25 min， 5%-95%B； 25-28 min， 95%B）. And heated electrospray ionization（HESI） was used with positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was m/z 100-1 500. The prototypical constituents and their metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of SCF were identified according to the retention time， characteristic fragments， molecular formulae and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 42 chemical components were identified in the extract of SCF， including lignans， flavonoids， amino acids， tannins， and others， of which lignans were the main ones. A total of 27 prototypical components and 14 metabolites were identified in plasma samples from different sites. A total of 15 prototypical components and 9 metabolites were identified in cerebrospinal fluid. The main metabolic reactions involved in the formation of metabolites were mainly demethylation， methylation， demethoxylation and hydroxylation. ConclusionThrough the systematic identification of the prototypical components and metabolites of SCF in rats， it provides data support for further better exploring the material basis of SCF in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.