Objective To investigate the effects of autophagy on breast cancer cells to tamoxifen resist-ance.Methods Immunofluorescence was used to count the proportion of the cells with autophagy in MCF -7 and MCF-7/TAMR,as well as ,the average of autophagosome in each cells .Western blotting was used to detect the different expressions of p38,c-jun and LC3 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR.Stepwise selection was used to detect the duration of resistance to different doses of tamoxifen when upregulating or downregulating of LC 3.West-ern blot was facilitated to investigate changes of activity of p 38/c-jun.Rusults Compared with MCF -7,the proportion of the cells with autophagosome in MCF -7/TAMR was markedly increased ,the same as the average of autophagosome in each cells .Compared with MCF-7,LC3,especially LC3IIprotein expressive levels in MCF -7/TAMR was significantly increased .The expressive level of LC3 during the induction process of TAM resistance was negative correlated with resistant cell lines .The expressions of phosphorylated p 38 and c-Jun in MCF-7/TAMR were significantly increased .Conclusion Autophagy promotes breast cancer cells to resistant to tamox-ifen,due to downregulation of the expression of autophagy related proteins which may inhibit the generation of re -sistant breast cancer cells .This may be a viable treatment strategy for refractory breast cancer .

Recently,in the management of estrogen receptor(ER)positive breast canner,endocrine thera-py is the main treatment method;and estrogen receptor -α( ER-α) has obtained popularity as one of the most common targets .There are many known risk factors for ER function in breast canner such as ER gene mutation ;unbalanced microenvironment;signal transduction pathway disorders .While more and more attention is paid to the changes in ER expression and function induced by epigenetic aberrations .ER gene promoter methylation induces down regulation and deletion in ER expression ,which has not only a most highly incidence in epigenetic aberra-tions,but also a widen degree of research .Histone modification could influence ER -αexpression and function , either.However,the special mirco RNAs(miRNAs)are also implicated in the regulation of ER -α,and affect the therapy of tamoxifen in breast tumor .

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.Early diagnosis plays a very important role in the treatment of breast cancer.Recently,with the development of epigenetics,it gives us a new orientation for early detection for cancers.The most understood mechanism of epigenetics is DNA methyla-tion.Ras associated domain family 1A gene(RASSFlA)promoter methylation occurres in tumor′s early stage,and have a statistically concern with tumor′s TNM stage,invasiveness and outcomes.Moreover,DNA methylation can be reversed,so RASSF1A can be a promising candidate for early breast cancer detection biomarker,and can be a potential orientation for breast cancer treatment.

Calcium ion is involved in many processes of cellular living activities. It is critically important for maintaining normal functions of human body. The review will discuss intracellular calcium regulation, distribution changes of calcium in ischemic cerebravascular and cardiovascular diseases, and intracellular intervention of calcium by specific drugs.

Objective Study the differential diagnosis value of the axis of "no man's land" in wide QRS complex tachycardia.Methods Retrospectively analyse the axis of "no man's land" in 137 patients with wide complex tachycardia who had undergone intracardiac electrophysiologic studies,use the algebraic sum of the deflections in leads I and III to plot the QRS axis,to observe the rule of arrhythmia of "no man's land" appearance.Results Eighteen of 137 patients who had wide complex tachycardia had the axis of "no man's land",among which 16 patients had left idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,and 2 patients had wide complex supraventricular tachycardia they had accessory pathway conduct anterogradely.Conclusion The axis of "no man's land" is helpful in differential diagnosis of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias with abberency or bundle branch block.

Objective To investigate the effect of pentazocine combined with midazolam on intubation stress response in slow induction of anesthesia. Mtheods Forty ASAⅠ~Ⅱpatients were divided into two groups. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.03 mg/kg in both groups,and pentazocine 0.8 mg/kg (i.v.) was given in pentazocine group or fentanyl 2 μg/kg (i.v.) in fentanyl group. Five minutes later, 2 mL of 1% decicaine was administered by cricothyroid membrane puncture to facilitate the intubation.The SpO2, circulatory indexes (HR, SBP, DBP, BIS) and sedation level were measured at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6. Results Both pentazocine and fentanyl can inhibit stress responses to tracheal intubation effectively,but pentazocine group is better than fentanyl group on the cardiovascular stability during slow induction of anesthesia. Conclusion Pentazocine 0.8 mg/kg can inhibit stress responses to tracheal intubation effectively with a low incidence of adverse reactions in the slow induction of anesthesia.

The Study prepared the microcapsule of Famotiding-chitosan, examined the relationships between several effect factors and the quality of the microcapsule, and as well as determined the best preparation technology of Famotidine-chitosan microcapsule.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of salvianolate in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chron-ic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). METHODS:80 AECOPD patients were selected and randomly divided into observa-tion group and control group,with 40 cases in each group. Both groups received mechanical ventilation. Control group was given routine treatment of theophyllinum,bronchodilators and glucocorticoid;treatment group was additionally given Salvianolate injec-tion 200 mg,qd,ivgtt,on the basis of control group. Clinical efficacy was observed in 2 groups,blood hemorheology indexes were also observed before and after treatment. The mechanical ventilation time,ICU residence time and ADR were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:Clinical total effective rate of observation group was 95.00%,which was significantly higher than 70.00% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment and 2 d after treatment,blood rheology indexes of treatment group were improved significantly(all P>0.05),and whole blood reduction viscosity of control group was improved significantly(P<0.05). Mechanical ventilation time and ICU residence time of treatment group was significantly shorter than that of control group (P<0.05). No ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Salvianolate can significantly improve the blood coagulation status of AECOPD patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation,and has the advantages of good clinical efficacy and low cost of medical treatment.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of radioactive 125I seed implantation in treating recurrent cervical lymphatic metastases after radiotherapy. Methods During the period from Aug. 2011 to July 2012, 17 patients with recurrent cervical lymphatic metastases who had received radiotherapy before were admitted to authors’ hospital. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 23 metastatic lymph nodes were detected in the 17 patients. Brachytherapy treatment planning system (TPS) was used to formulate the number, activity and distribution of radioactive 125I seeds. The radioactive activity was 0.3 - 0.8 mCi (1.30 × 107- 2.96 × 107 Bq), and the matched peripheral dose (MPD) was 60 - 120 Gy. Guided by ultrasound and CT radioactive 125I seeds were implanted under local anesthesia. CT scanning was performed within 24 hours after the procedure. Postoperative D90 was (81.4 ± 2.1) Gy. CT examination was employed every two months to determine the tumor size and to record the complications. Results All patients were followed up for 6 months. The 6-month local control rate was 65.2%. The control rates (CR+PR) for<4 cm (n=10) and>4 cm (n=13) lymph nodes were 90%and 46%respectively, the difference between the two was statistically significant (P = 0.038). No significant difference existed between the control rate (CR + PR) and the un-control rate (SD + PD) for each lymph node group at cervical Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ grade Ⅱ was seen in 8 cases and grade Ⅰ in 7 cases. No severe complications occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of recurrent cervical lymphatic metastases after radiotherapy, radioactive 125I seed implantation is effective and mini-invasive with fewer complications. This technique is more suitable for < 4 cm solitary metastatic lymph node with clear border.

Objective To explore the dosimetric effects of the same number and activity of radioactive 125I seeds in different plane arrangements. Methods Simulated 9 distribution modes using 9 125I seeds were designed by three- dimensional treatment planning system (3D- TPS), and the isodose curves of 60 Gy, 80Gy, 130 Gy, 145 Gy and 200 Gy were obtained. The areas enclosed by the isodose curves, the longer and shorter radius of these isodose curves and the medical cost per unit area were calculated with the professional image analysis software. Results Obvious differences in areas enclosed by the isodose curves, the longer and shorter radius of these isodose curves and the medical cost per unit area existed between each other among the nine different distribution modes of 9 125I seeds. The distribution modes that had the maximum areas enclosed by 60 Gy, 80 Gy, 130 Gy, 145 Gy and 200 Gy isodose curves were x1.5y1.5, x1y1.5, x1y1, x1y1 and x0.5y1, respectively, with the corresponding areas of 1 583.86 mm2, 1 146.03 mm2, 768.30 mm2, 621.85 mm2 and 480.97 mm2, respectively. Conclusion The peripheral dose and the therapeutic efficacy are significantly influenced by the arrangement of 125I seeds when the same number and activity of the seeds are used. The dose distributions are more homogeneous when the maximum areas enclosed by the isodose curves are obtained.