Tetrandrine, a bis-benzy 1-i soqui noline alkaloid isolated from Radix Stephania tetrandra S. Moor, was proved to be a calcium antagonist. Its effects upon the heart conduction system were investigated in anesthetized rabbits.Tetrandrine 8 mg/kg iv could prolong the sino-atrial conduction time & the sinus node recovery time from 50 ? 13 ms & 286? 36 ms to 75?19 ms ( n= 8 , P

Neferine, an alkaloid, isolated form Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn,has antiarrhytbmic effect. The present report deals with its action on the ECG in rat & the surface potential of toad sciatic nerve.Neferine could prolong ECG, P-R & Q-T intervals, and widen QRS in a dose-dependent manner, The effects are similar to quini-dine, and dissimilar to tetrandrine. The inhibitory effects of neferine & quinidine on the surface potential of toad sciatic nerve are similar in potency.

Objective To investigate the best dose of treating diabetic renal insufficiency (DRI) with Tangduqing granules. Methods To establish model rats of DRI by the method of 5/6 nephrectomy and abdominal cavity injection with streptozotocin. The successful model rats with DRI were divided into four groups randomly:model group, high dose group, medium dose group, low dose group. Ten age-matched healthy male SD rats were served as controls (administered with NS 2 mL/d). Ten weeks later, contents of the BUN, SCr and urine protein excretion in 24 hours were determined. And to detect the best dose of treating DRI with Tangduqing granules by evaluating the effect of Tangduqing. Results Tangduqing had the function of reducing contents of BUN, SCr and urine protein excretion in 24 hours of rats with renal insufficiency. Conclusions Tangduqing may effectively delay the development of renal failure. The therapeutic effects of medium dose group were the best.

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease in China without any specific treat-ment. Corresponding treatments are usually adopted according to different clinical types. Referred to the clinical classification principles and the experiences of his own, Professor Huang Chunlin presented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medication experiences for different clinical types of IgA nephropathy which had some clinical instructive significance .

This paper summarized Professor Huang Chunlin's traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medication expe-riences for patients with hypoalbuminemia in refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS). This paper was divided into three parts. The first part was the overview of hypoalbuminemia in RNS. The second part was the TCM medica-tion experiences for patients with hypoalbuminemia in RNS which included the integrated application of tonifying the spleen, nourishing the liver and reinforcing the kidney. The third part was the explanation of the comprehen-sive application of Professor Huang Chunlin's TCM medication experiences for patients with hypoalbuminemia in RNS through the introduction of a typical case. TCM medication experiences for RNS treatment based on experi-ences of famous TCM doctors provided theoretical and practical basis for therapeutic regimen.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) on periodontal healing of replanted teeth in 6 Beagle dogs.Methods:The second incisors were pulled out and re-implanted after 60 min dry storage.In group A,PRP were applied before replantation,and 7days later the teeth received root canal treatment.In group B,PRP were applied before replantation either,but without root canal treatment.In group C,PRP were not applied and 7 days later,the teeth received root canal treatment.In group D,no PRP were applied and no root canal treatment.All the dogs were sacrificed after 12 weeks and the histological parameters were observed.Results:There were no significant differences between group A and C.Group B showed a lower incidence of ankylosis,and higher incidence of healed PDL compared with group D.Conclusion:Under the definite condition,PRP can help to decrease the incidence of ankylosis and increase the incidence of healed PDL in groups that the pulps were not removed.

Objective To investigate the associations of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) promoter polymorphisms with anti-AQP4 antibody and genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in Southern Chinese population.Methods The polymorphisms of AQP4promoter 0 and 1 were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing in 18 NMO,38 MS,13 recurrent myelitis (RM),6 recurrent optic neuritis (RON)patients and 39 healthy controls. Results Fourteen polymorphism loci were observed in AQP4-promoter 0,while 6 ones were observed in AQP4-promoter 1.Among them,the incidence rate of polymorphism at position - 1003 bp (A-G) of AQP4-promoter 0 in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patients was significantly higher than that in anti-AQP4 antibody-negative patients and controls (former:13/18 vs 20/45,P =0.046; latter:13/18 vs 10/39,P =0.001 ).The incidence rates of polymorphism at position between -401 bp and -400 bp ( C inserted) of AQP4-promoter 1 in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive and -negative patients were significantly higher than that in controls( former:5/16 vs 0/28,P =0.008; latter:8/38 vs 0/28,P =0.027 ). The incidence rates of polymorphism at position - 1003 bp (A-G) of AQP4-promoter 0 and position between -401 bp and -400 bp ( C inserted)of AQP4-promoter 1 in patients with NMO and MS were significantly higher than that in controls( NMO:11/18 vs 10/39,P =0.010;4/15 vs 0/28,P =0.020; MS:19/38 vs 10/39,P =0.027;8/34 vs 0/28,P =0.018).Conclusions Polymorphisms loci were observed in AQP4-promoter 0 and AQP4-promoter 1,which may have an influence on the susceptibility to MS and NMO.Polymorphism at position - 1003 bp ( A-G) of AQP4-promoter 0 may be related to the emergence of anti-AQP4 antibody in patients with NMO and MS.

This study was aimed to analyze the medication and herbal prescription rules in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) by Prof. Huang Chunlin with Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System ( TCMISS ) . Prescriptions used for NS treatment were collected and the data was entered into the TCMISS . The commonly used herbs and herbal prescription rules in NS treatment by Prof. Huang were summarized through the association rules, revised mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and other unsupervised hierarchical clustering methods. The results showed that based on the analysis of 280 prescriptions from 68 patients, the fre-quency of each herb and association rules among herbs included in the database were identified. And the basic NS treatment prescription by Prof. Huang Chunlin and 8 new prescriptions were mined from the database. It was concluded that data mining is of great practical value to the summarization of clinical experiences of well-known TCM doctors.

Objective To discuss the MRI findings of common complications following hip arthroplasty and their association with operative and pathological findings to improve the early diagnosis and etiological differential diagnosis for common complications following hip arthroplasty. Methods Forty-six patients with hip arthroplasty complication were included in this study. We observed prosthesis location, signal changes between prosthesis and bone, and periprosthesis signal changes, signal changes of articular capsule, adjacent soft tissue and bone on MR images. Diagnostic value of MRI in detecting hip arthroplasty complication was evaluated with operative and pathological findings as reference standard. Results Complications following hip arthroplasty included aseptic loosening (n=26), osteolysis (n=12), infection (n=12), heterotopic ossification (n=4), pseudoneoplasm (n=4) and periarthroplasty fracture (n=1). The MRI finding suggestive of aseptic loosening in 24 cases was a smooth intermediate signal intensity layer along the interface. Osteolysis is seen as soft tissue signal intensity material replacing normal high signal intensity fatty marrow in 12 cases. Bone marrow edema, bone destruction, fluid collection, estracapsular collections, periprosthetic muscle edema, and sinus were predictors of infection. On MRI, mature heterotopic ossification had the appearance of cancellous bone in 5 cases. Pseudoneoplasm represents fluid signal intensity with intermediate signal intensity pseudocapsule in 5 cases. Periprosthetic fracture included hypointesense fracture lines, periosteal reaction, and periprosthetic muscle edema in one patient. Conclusion MRI is useful in detecting osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities in patients with hip implants.

Objective To improve differential diagnosis between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM) and classical multiple sclerosis ( CMS).Methods All 20 cases of ADEM and 24 cases of CMS were examined.Their epidemiological and clinical findings,laboratory features and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) data were analyzed using x2 test for categorical variables,Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests for continuous variables.Results ADEM and CMS showed no sex predominance.Patients with ADEM ((27 ±15) years) were younger than CMS ((37 ±13) years,Z= -2.218,P =0.027).The following findings were more commonly seen in ADEM compared with CMS:predemyelinating infectious disease (75% vs 4%,x2 =23.652,P = 0.000),fever (65% vs 4%,x2 =18.609,P = 0.000),meningeal irritation sign (40% vs 0,x2 = 9.189,P =0.002),seizure (25% vs 0,x2 =4.514,P = 0.034),and encephalopathy.ADEM patients were more likely to present with blood leucocytosis ( (11.9 ± 5.8) ×109/L vs (8.0±3.2) ×109/L,Z= -2.030,P=0.042),high C-reactive protein (2.74 mg/L vs 0.49 mg/L,Z = - 3.028,P = 0.002),increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (11.00 mm/h vs 7.00 mm/h,Z= -2.406,P =0.016),and cerebrospinal fluid leucocytosis (9 × 106/L vs 2×106/L,Z =- 2.781,P = 0.005).There were no differences in cerebrospinal fluid protein and oligoclonal band between the two groups.The following MRI lesions were more commonly seen in ADEM patients:cortical gray matter lesions (14/20,x2=15.213,P=0.000),basal ganglia gray matter lesions (14/20,x2 =8.910,P = 0.003),and brainstem lesions ( 14/20,x2 = 5.867,P = 0.015).In contrast,lesions in subcortical white matter (21/24,x2 = 17.628,P =0.000),periventricular area (21/24,x2 =15.213,P=0.000) and corpus callosum ( 14/24,x2 = 8.640,P = 0.003 ) were more common in the MRI image of CMS patients.The lesions in spinal cord were usually centrally distributed in ADEM (83% ),while peripherally in CMS (85%,x2 = 11.542,P = 0.001).The lesions had poorly defined margins in ADEM (95%),but well defined margins in CMS (75%,x2 =21.787,P = 0.000).Conclusion There are differences in epidemiological and clinical findings,laboratory features and MRI appearances between ADEM and CMS.