Objective:To find out the transformation reasons of the processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus through the bencaological study and the modern experimental researches.Methods:The different processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus in different periods were collected through the researches on the ancient agrostology and the modern processing standards.Furthermore,different processed products were prepared and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy.Results:There were significant differences in the processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus in the ancient herbal documents while tending to be the same in the modern processing standards.No difference was shown in the Raman spectrogram between Matrii sultas Exsiccatus and Weathered mirabilite produced by the processing methods in the ancient agrostology.The Raman characteristic peaks of the two processed products were as follows:1 153,1 132,1 102,992,648,632,621,466,450 cm-1,which were in line with the Raman spectrogram of the products produced by the modern processing methods.Conclusion:The change of processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus has certain reasons,which is worthy of further studies.

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is an aggressive tumor and prone to metastasize and recur. According to pathological features, PLC are mainly categorized into hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, and fibrolamelic hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. At present, surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main treatments for PLC, but the specificities are poor and the clinical effects are limited with a 5-year overall survival rate of 18%. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a specific cell subset existing in liver cancer tissues. They harbor the capabilities of self-renewal and strong tumorigenicity, driving tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence of PLC. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers and the illustration of mechanisms for stemness maintenance of LCSCs can not only reveal the molecular mechanisms of PLC tumorigenesis, but also lay a theoretical foundation for the molecular classification, prognosis evaluation and targeted therapy of PLC. The latest research showed that the combination of 5-fluorouracil and CD13 inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation of CD13+ LCSCs, thereby reducing overall tumor burden. Taken together, LCSCs could be the promising therapeutic targets of PLC in the future. This review summarizes the latest progress in molecular markers, mechanisms for stemness maintenance and targeted therapies of LCSCs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics* ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Prognosis