OBJECTIVE: To study the quality standard of Radix Hedysari from Gansu province. METHODS: Radix Hedysari was analyzed in respects of its origin, property, microscopic characteristics, physicochemical property, TLC identification, moisture, determination of ash and determination of ethanol-soluble extractives etc. RESULTS: The results showed that the Radix Hedysari from Guansu was of high quality and in which, few counterfeit products was noted. CONCLUSION: In this study, a systematic evaluation for the Radix Hedysari from Gansu province was achieved, and it provides a scientific evidence for the quality control Radix Hedysari from Gansu province and guarantee of its genuine property.

Objective To study the application of nerve block scalp combined with sevoflurane in children drilling drainage oper-ation .Methods 40 children cases undergoing drilling drainage were selected and randomly divided into the scalp nerve block com-bined sevoflurane group(A ,n=20) and the sevoflurane intravenous inhalational combined anesthesia (B ,n= 20) .The changes of HR and MAP before before induction and at 5 min after induction ,skin incision ,15 min after operation beginning ,operation end , postoperative 30 ,120 min were observed and recorded .The awaking time ,occurrence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting ,in-cidence rate of postoperative dysphoria and fentanyl dosage were compared between the two groups .Results HR ,MAP at skin in-cision ,15 min after operation beginning ,operation end ,postoperative 30 ,120 min in the group B were significantly increased than before operation(P<0 .05);the awaking time in the group A was significantly shortened compared with the group B (P<0 .05) , the fentanyl dosage was significantly reduced (P<0 .05);in the group B ,crying and screaming appeared in 16 cases ,dysphoria oc-curred in 14 cases ,the incidence rate was significantly higher than that in the group A (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with sim-ple sevoflurane intravenous inhalational combined anesthesia ,sevoflurane combined with scalp nerve block used in children drilling drainage operation has rapid induction and rapid awaking ,stable vital signs ,fewer adverse reactions ,small fentanyl dosage and bet-ter anesthetic and postoperative analgesic effects ,which is safe ,feasible ,simple and effective .

For the purpose of studying the diagnostic significance of the traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane by the otologic endoscopy and video tape recording, one hundred and fourteen patients 117 ears, with ear drum injury caused by the head and facial trauma were examined and analyzed by using the Hopkin modle mult angle otologic endoscopy and the video tape recorder. The results showed that the traumatic perforation of te tympanic membrane were found in all four quadrants of the membrane,61 91% of the perforation located in the anteriorinferior quadrant,of the tense part of the membrane. The shapes of the perforation were spindle,triangular,slit, irregular and lune. The nontraumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane often located in the center or the margin of the membrane and were round or oval in shape. The otologic endoscopy and video tape recording can display the morphologic features of the traumatic and nontraumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane objectively and provide reliable diagnostic and investitgative method for the forensic practice.

Objective To explore the characte ristics of pure tone threshold (PTT) in auditory neuropathy. Methods The results of PTT audiometry were analysed in 48 patients with auditory neuropathy and compared with that of cochlear deafness. Results PTT audiograms in auditory neuropathy group r evealed curves including ascending slope, peak, spoon, letter W, lain letter S, flat, gentle slope. Binaural symmetric PTT audiograms were seen in 38 cases and asymmetric in 10 cases. The auditory threshold in auditory neuropathy showed a e levated range from mild to moderate degrees. Elevated degrees of auditory thresh old in left and right ears were consistent. The elevations of low-frequency audi tory threshold or in the main feature of low-frequency auditory threshold were 9 3.75% (90/96 ears) in the PTT audiograms. Conclusion The elevations of biauricular symmetric and ba sic symmetric low-frequency auditory threshold or in the main feature of low-fre quency auditory threshold were important characteristics of auditory neuropathy.

0.05). Upward-sloping and spoon audiogram were 60.83% (73/120 ears). Inducing rate of acoustic reflex(AR) was 21.95%.Speech discrimination scores(SDS) were 9.94?11.89%. Auditory brainstem response(ABR) was absent or severely abnormal.Distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) was normal or roughly normal.Conclusion Patients with auditory neuropathy were predominantely juveniles. Incidence of female cases and cases from rural areas were higher. Pure tone audiometry showed mainly bilateral mild and moderate hearing loss at low-frequencies.

Objective The diagnosis of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss is examined for clinical applications.Methods Pure tone threshold (PTT),acoustic impedance,auditory brainstem response(ABR),distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE),electrocochleogram(ECochG) and imaging examinations of CT or MRI were performed on 56 cases with low frequency sensorineural hearing loss.Results Among 56 cases of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss,38 cases with sudden low frequency sensorineural hearing loss,9 with Meniere's disease,6 as auditory neuropathy,1 case of acoustic neuroma,1 case of multiple sclerosis and 1 case with arachnoid cyst of cerebellar hemisphere surface.Conclusion Low frequency sensorineural hearing losses occurred in varied diseases.A comprehensive approach should be taken to diagnose this hearing loss and if necessary,CT or MRI can be utilized to confirm the standard audiologic evaluations.

Objective The diagnosis of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss is examined for clinical applications.Methods Pure tone threshold(PTT),acoustic impedance,auditory brainstem response(ABR),distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE),electrocochleogram(ECochG)and imaging examinations of CT or MRI were performed on 56 cases with low frequency sensorineural hearing loss.Results Among 56 cases of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss,38 cases with sudden low frequency sensorineural hearing loss,9 with Meniere's disease, 6 as auditory neuropathy,1 case of acoustic neuroma,1 case of multiple sclerosis and 1 case with arachnoid cyst of cerebellar hemisphere surface.Conclusion Low frequency sensorineural hearing losses occurred in varied diseases.A comprehensive approach should be taken to diagnose this hearing loss and if necessary,CT or MRI can be utilized to confirm the standard audiologic evaluations.

Objective To study the clinical findings and audiological characteristics of auditory neuropathy. Methods Clinical findings, pure tone threshold, acoustic impedance audiometry, speech audiometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission( DPOAE) were analyzed in 23 cases of auditory neuropathy. Results The patients were predominantly youngster, female more than male. Pure tone audiometry revealed mainly binaural symmetric upward - sloping audiogram with mild and moderate hearing loss at low frequencies. Speech discrimination score was obviously reduced, which was disproportionately to the pure tone threshold. Ipsilateral and contralateral stapedial reflex were absent. ABR was severely abnor- mal. DPOAIE was normal or nearly normal. Conclusion Clinical findings and systemic audiometry revealed the main characteristics of auditory neuropathy, which could be used not only for the understanding, but also for the diagnosis of this disease.

The superficial temporal artery and the occipital artery on both side of 50 Chinese adult cadavers were dissected and the course and distribution of these two arteries were studied and their length, external diameter, internal diameter and the thickness of the walls were meassured.1. The main stem of the superficial temporal arteries runs upward and forward in front of the orifice of the external auditory meatus at an angle on the average of 12.44?8.16? away from the vertical line. This artery was found in 68.68?4.66％ situated before the superficial temporal vein and auriculo-temporal nerve. The average length of the main stem is 3.88?1.04cm; the external diameter 1.64?0.42mm; the internal diameter 1.19?0.10 mm and the thickness of its wall 0.23?0.08 mm. 2. The parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery runs upwards and backwards to the vertex of the skull at an angle of 25.92?10.09 away from the vertical line. The average length is 7.56?1.63 cm. It may be classified into three typs: (1) the single-stem type (2) the bifurcate type (3) the double-stem type. The average external diameter of the branch is 1.24?0.28mm, the internal diameter 0.91?0.19mm, the thickness of its wall 0.17?0.06 mm. There arr 7.45?2.71％ of the cases that the internal diameter is less or equal to 0.5 mm.3. The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery runs forwards and upwards to the frontal tuber or above the lateral-upper angle of the orbital, then turns upwards to the vertex of the skull. Its average external diameter is 1.31?0.35mm; the internal diameter, 0.91?0.29 mm, and the thickness of its wall, 0.18?0.08mm.4. The Occipital artery runs out to the skin through the fascia between the trapizius and sterocleidomastoid, but sometimes it porferates the muscular fibers of one of these two muscles. The point from which it runs out is located at 2.23?1.12 cm below the external occipital protuberans and 3.41?0.85cm lateral to the midline. Three types of the branching patterns were found: the main-stem, the bifurcate and the plexiform type. The average external dianeter of the occipital artery is 1.47?0.14 mm, the internal diameter,1.13?0.29 mm, and the thickness of its wall, 0.18?0.08mm.

Objective To investigate risk factors of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation in schizophrenia pa-tients treated with clozapine. Methods Two hundred and ten schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine were included in the study. Measurement of myocardial enzymes and electrocardiography were performed to determine QTc interval. QTc interval was calculated according to Bazett’s formula. Results QTc prolongation prevalence rate was 15.24%, The QTc prolongation prevalence rate was higher in female than in male (29.23%vs. 8.98%, P<0.001). The mean QTc inter-val was longer in female than in male [(427.30 ± 24.33)ms vs. (410.39 ± 25.80)ms, P<0.001]. The QTc interval showed weak positive correlation with age (r=0.203, P=0.003) and heart rate (r=0.326, P<0.001). There was no correlation be-tween QTc interval and clozapine dosage or therapy course (P>0.05). Multi-factors linear regression analysis showed that heart rate was related with QTc interval (β=0.719, standardizedβ=0.691, P=0.027). Conclusions QTc interval prolonga-tion prevalence rate is high in patients treated with clozapine. And increased heart rate might be risk factor of QTc inter-val prolongation.