Objective To investigate whether abnormalities can be detected in normal-appearing white matter(NAWM)and normal-appearing white matter(NAGM)in patients with clinically isolated syndrome(CIS)and comparing them to the abnormalities in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(RRMS)by using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)histogram.To detect the potential relationship between DTI indices of NAWM,NAGM and patient's clinical condition.Methods Nineteen patients with CIS,19 clinically diagnosed RRMS patients and 19 sex-and age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study.Conventional MRI and DTI images were obtained using Siemens 1.5 T Magnetom sonata scanner.DTI histograms of NAWM and NAGM were obtained after post-processing.The mean value,peak height,peak location of the histogram were used for analysis.All data was statistically processed with SPSS for Windows.Results NAWM average MD was higher and FA was lower in RRMS[MD(0.83±0.04)×10-3mm2/s,FA 0.36±0.03]when compared to CIS[MD(0.79±0.02)×10-3mm2/s,FA 0.40±0.02]and control[MD(0.78±0.02)×10-3mm2/s,FA 0.41±0.01](P＜0.01).But no statistically significant difference was found between CIS and control.The peak height of NAWM average MD histogram was significantly lower in CIS than control(P＜0.05),while the peak location of average FA histogram shifted to the left(P＜0.01).Patients with CIS[(1.08±0.06)×10-3mm2/s]showed significantly higher NAGM average MD than control[(1.03±0.05)×10-3mm2/s](P＜0.05),but,lower than RRMS[(1.18±0.12)×10-3mm2/s](P＞0.01).There were no correlation between DTI indices and EDSS scores in patients with CIS.Moderate correlation between NAGM average MD(r=0.568,P＜0.05)and EDSS scores were found in patient with RRMS.Conclusion NAWM and NAGM abnormalities do occur in CIS which can be detected by DTI.The underlying pathological changes in NAWM and NAGM in CIS may be milder than RRMS as demonstrated by DTI histogram.

Aim To investigate the effects of classic calcium antagonists verapamil(Ver),nifedipine(Nif),diltiazem(Dil)and the novel calcium antagonist N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide(F2)which was synthesized by our lab by regulating Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2(iPLA2)on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(CMECs)and the mechanisms.Methods The CMECs were isolated from SD neonatal rats.The H/R model was established,then cells were treated with different concentrations of calcium antagonists and F2.The content of LDH in the cell supernatant was measured by colorimetric method.The levels of IL-6 and AA in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA;and late-stage apoptosis was measured by TUNEL.The mRNA and protein expression levels of iPLA2 in CMECs were examined by real time-PCR and Western blot analysis.Results Calcium antagonists except Dil decreased the generation of LDH,IL-6 and AA in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05),and reduced the apoptosis(P<0.05).F2 and Ver decreased the mRNA and protein expression of iPLA2 in a dose-dependent manner,while there were no such effects for Nif and Dil.Conclusions Calcium antagonists except Dil have protective effects against H/R injury.F2 and Ver protect CMECs against H/R injury partly through iPLA2.

Objective To observe the clinical effect ofJiedu-Huayu granule for the Dengue Fever (DF).Methods The patients with DF were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group. Both groups received the conventional treatment, and the treatment group addedJiedu-Huayu granule. The clinical effects were detected.Results At the baseline, the ALT and AST in the treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=2.830,P=0.014;t=2.109,P=0.044). But after treatment, there was no difference between groups. The ALT in the treatment group showed a gradual change and AST recovery time showed short. Compared with control group, the concentration of sVCAM-1 in the treatment group was higher at baseline and the third day (t=2.780,P=0.018;t=2.130,P=0.460), but the concentration of MCP-1 desceased significantly on the 6th day (t=-2.164,P=0.042).Conclusions Compared with the western medicine, the treatment of western medicine andJiedu-Huayu granule could alleviate liver injure, shorten the recovery time, and reduce the concentration of sVCAM-1 and MCP-1.

The incidence of male infertility increased year by year, which seriously affects family welfare and social development. This article reviews and sorts out recent years’ studies on acupuncture treatment for male infertility. The results show that acupuncture treatment has produced a good clinical effect on this disease. Some progresses have been made in clinical acupuncture point selection, operating methods, complex treatment and therapeutic mechanism. The clinical effect and the mechanism of action of acupuncture treatment for this disease have been deeply explored from symptom differentiation and classification, acupoint selection and prescription, acupoint stimulation mode, and combined acupuncture and moxibustion therapy so as to provide new ideas for clinical acupuncture treatment and basic study.

Aim To investigate the effect of N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide(F2) on mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway of H9c2 cardiac myocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury.Methods The H/R models of H9c2 cardiac myocytes were established.The H9c2 cardiac myocytes were randomly divided into five groups: control group(C group), hypoxia/reoxygenation group(H/R group), F2 low concentration group(L), F2 medium concentration group(M), F2 high concentration group(H).Apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM).The levels of Cyto C, Bcl-2, Bax were observed by Western blot.Caspase-3 activity was measured with colorimetry.Results Compared with H/R group, F2 low, medium and high concentrations group could significantly decrease apoptosis rate and increase the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax proteins and inhibit the release of Cyto C into the cytosolic fraction, and decrease caspase-3 activity.Conclusion F2 can protect H9c2 cardiac myocytes against H/R-induced injury through interfering in mitochondria-dependent pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism of self-awareness in the heavy smokers(HS)by using regional homogeneity(ReHo)combined with resting-state functional MRI(fMRI).Methods Thirty HS and 31 healthy non-smokers(NS)matched for age and sex underwent a 3.0 T resting-state fMRI.The data were post-processed by SPM 5 and then the ReHo values were calculated by REST software.The ReHo values between the two groups were compared by two-sample t-test.The brain map with significant difference of ReHo value was obtained.Results Compared with that in NS group,the regions with decreased ReHo value included the bilateral precuneus,superior frontal gyrus,medial prefrontal cortex,right angular gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus,cerebellum,and left middle frontal gyrus in HS group.The regions of increased ReHo value included the bilateral insula,parahippocampal gyrus,white matter of parietal lobe,pons,left inferior parietal lobule,lingual gyrus,thalamus,inferior orbital gyrus,white matter of temporal-frontal lobe,and cerebellum.The difference was more obvious in the left hemisphere.Conclusions In HS,abnormal ReHo on a resting state which reflects network of smoking addiction.This method may be helpful in understanding the mechanism of self-awareness in HS.

BACKGROUNDTo study the specific expression of tumor-related genes (p53, bcl-2 and c-myc) in non small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation (NSCLC-NE).

METHODSThe expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin(Syn), c-myc, bcl-2 and p53 was detected in 60 surgically resected and paraffin-embedded non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens by immunohistochemistry (S-P method).

RESULTSThe positive rates of NSE, CgA, Syn expressed in 60 cases of NSCLC were 45.00%(27/60), 13.33%(8/60), 31.67% (19/60) respectively. According to the results of these three markers, 41.67%(25/60) of 60 specimens was proved to be as NE differentiation cancer. The NE differentiation in NSCLC was remarkably related to differentiation of tumor cells (P < 0.05). NSCLC-NE had a higher metastatic rate (P < 0.05) and a higher clinical staging (P < 0.05) than NSCLC without NE differentiation. The positive rates of bcl-2, p53 and c-myc expression in NSCLC-NE were 68.00% (17/25), 80.00% (20/25), 68.00% (17/25) respectively, and the expression of bcl-2 and p53 was closely related to NE differentiation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA certain part of NSCLC have NE differentiation, which has different biological features from NSCLC without NE differentiation. High expression of bcl-2 and mutant p53 can be observed in NSCLC-NE, and bcl-2/Bax unbalance associated with p53 mutation may play an important role in oncogenesis and development of NSCLC-NE.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease. Its most significant pathological change is destruction of articular cartilage and the main clinical symptoms are pain and dysfunction of joints. Recent studies have shown that the expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in chondrocytes can abnormally up-regulate or down-regulate and alter the activities of chondrocytes like their proliferation, migration and apoptosis, thus leading to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which are secreted in intercellular fluid, act as medium of intercellular communication. They protect ncRNA, protein, lipid and other bioactive materials from enzymatic degradation by encapsulating them and transferring to sibling chondrocytes, due to their good tissue permeability. They can also improve communication between cells and regulate the activities of chondrocytes. Thus, exosomes behave like gene carriers. The ncRNA carried by exosomes can supplement or adsorb the abnormal ncRNA in chondrocytes, so as to regulate the activity of chondrocytes, and is therefore considered as a possible candidate with capabilities to repair cartilages. In this study we reviewed existing literatures related to the roles and effects of exosome miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA on osteoarthritis. We also reviewed the pathogenesis of exosome ncRNA in osteoarthritis.

Objective To analyze the injury types and radiologic findings of the wounded in the major Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Methods Radiologic results of 1013 victims admitted to MianYang Central Hospital from May 13, 2008 to May 19, 2008 were studied retrospectively, including X-ray of 854 cases (about 2900 local exam positions) and CT scan of 259 cases (about 300 local exam positions). Results 733 cases showed radiologic abnormalities, including 527 cases of single region injury (accounting for 52. 0%) and 206 cases of multi-region injury (accounting for 20. 3%), the overall positive rate was 72. 4%. The results were in the following order on the basis of the incidence, 288 cases of lower extremity injuries (28.4%), 151 cases of thoracic injuries(14. 9%), 136 cases of upper extremity injuries(13.4%), 133 cases of spine fracture(13.1%), 114 cases of pelvic fracture and dislocation(11.3%),88 cases of craniocerebral injuries (8. 7%), 25 cases of maxillofacial fracture (2. 5%) and 8 cases of abdominal tranma(0. 1%). Thoracic injuries included: rib fracture in 136 cases, pulmonary injury in 59 cases, and sternal fracture in 3 cases. Spinal fracture included: cervical vertebrae involved in 12 cases,thoracic vertebrae involved in 43 cases, lumbar vertebrae involved in 93 cases, and Sacrococcygeal vertebraeinvolved in 12 cases. Craniocerebral injuries included: skull fracture in 41 cases, endocranial abnormalities in 72 cases. Abdominal trauma included: intestinal obstruction in 4 cases, renal contusion in 3 cases and abdominal wall hematoma in 1 case. Conclusion Most parts of the body can be injured by earthquake.Bone fracture and dislocation of lower extremity are the most common manifestations.

Objective To investigate the effect of needle-warmed moxibustion on chondrocyte apoptosis and the lubricin protein content of osteoarthritic knees.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,a Western medicine group and a needle-warmed moxibustion group,each of 10.Knee osteoarthritis was induced in all except the sham operation group by injecting an aqueous solution of papain into the outer edge of one patellar tendon at the inferior pole of the patella.In the sham operation group the injection needle was only inserted and withdrawn.The needle-warmed moxibustion group had needle-warmed moxibustion applied to the internal and external DUBI acupoints 14 days after the modelling in 2 courses of treatment.The Western medicine group was given diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg body weight) by gavage on the same schedule.The sham operation group and the model group were fed normally without special treatment.At the end of the treatment,knee cartilage tissue was resected from each group and the number of chondrocytes and the expression of lubricin in the articular cartilage cells were compared.Results Compared with the model group and the Western medicine group,the number of chondrocytes in the moxibustion group was significantly greater and the cells were arranged more neatly.TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in the moxibustion group was significantly lower.A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of lubricin mRNA in the moxibustion group had increased significantly.Western blotting showed that the expression of lubricin protein was also significantly enhanced in the moxibustion group.Conclusions Needle-warmed moxibustion has a positive therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis,at least in rabbits.It can inhibit the apoptosis of knee chondrocytes and promote the secretion of lubricin.