In recent studies,obesity is a risk factor for a variety of cancers,including breast cancer and colorectal cancer.Obesity can regulate the tumorigenesis and development of cancer by some factors,such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),leptin,fat cytokines and hormones.Understanding the relationship between obesity and cancer can provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Objective To investigate the gene variation and the dependability and to evaluate the possible tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9 in the development and progression of EC. Methods LOH was detected in normal esophageal mucosa, high-grade squamous dysplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by microdissection, polymerase chain reaction, denaturing polyacrylamide gel eleetrophoresis and silver nitrate staining technology. The changes of LOH at six microsatellite markers and the relationship between LOH rate were analyzed. Results In the informative cases, total frequency of LOH was 17.2 % in high-grade squamous dysplasia and 24.9 % in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In high grade squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, LOH was detected at marker D9S162 (20.8 %, 36.7 %), D9S171 (33.3 %, 36 %), D9S753(34.8 %, 46.2 %), D9S1748(4.2 %, 13.8 %), D9S242(14.3 %, 21.2 %), D9S43(0, 0). The frequency of LOH showed significant difference among the six microsatellite markers (X2=17.26, P< 0.005; X2=22.66,P<0.005). Conclusion The progression from normal squamous epithelium to high-grade Squamous dysplasia and subsequently to squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with accumulation of chromosomal change. The situs of D9S171, D9S162, D9S242, D9S753 exist higher LOH and all exceed 20 %. Possible tumor suppressor genes at or near D9S171, D9S162, D9S242, D9S753 may be related to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the changes and clinical significance of CD+4CDHi25CDLo127 regulatory T cell(Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. Methods 30 patients with lung cancer and 20 heathy volunteers were included in this study. The proportion of Treg population in CD4+ T cells stained with three colors was analysed by flow cytometry. The serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Results The proportion of Treg in patients with squamous cell careinoma(n=20), adenocarcinoma (n=10) were all significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P <0.05), but there was not obvious difference between the two groups with different pathological types(P0.05). Increased serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β was also detected in lung cancer patients. Conclusion The proportion of Treg is increased in lung cancer patients, which may result in the inhibition of host anti-cancer immune response by excreting IL-10 and TGF-β.

Objective To detect the levels of CD4+CD25HiCD127Low regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and its clinical significance in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by three-color flow cytometry (FCM) in 80 patients with esophageal cancer and 20 healthy controls. Among the 80 patients, 30 patients were also further studied for preoperative and postoperative comparison after operation. The clinical and pathological data of each patient were collected and analyzed for the correlation with the Treg levels. Results The level of Treg in the peripheral blood of the control group was lower than that of the esophageal cancer patients [(3.36±1.14) % and (5.70±1.96) %, respectively], with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood was higher in the patients with metastasis of lymph node (n=40) than that in the patients without metastasis of lymph node (5.96±1.36) % and (4.23±1.18) %, respectively] (n=30), with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients were negatively correlated with their TNM classification. As the TNM classification advanced, the level of the Treg in the peripheral blood increased. Conclusion The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients with esophageal cancer are significantly higher than that of the healthy subjects, which is correlated with the clinical and pathological conditions. The development of esophageal cancer may relate with suppression of immune function.

Objective To compare the mandibular advancement appliance(MAA) with mandibular advancement and left-leaning appliance (MALA) in the treatment of mild or moderate obstructive sleep ap-nea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Twenty-two cases of mild or moderate OSAHS were treated with MAA, and 19 cases with MALA. After 1-3 months, they were examined again with Epworth score and polysonmography (PSG). Results After 1-3 months of the MAA or MALA treatment, the Epworth score was improved evidently. The apnea -hypopnea index, max apnea time, mean apnea time, oxygen desaturatian index, and the longest time of oxygen desaturation were all lowered after the treatment, and the lowest SaO2 and the mean SaO2 were higher after the treatment. The differences were all distinctive (P<0.05 or<0.01). When patients treated with MAA were compared with those treated with MALA,only the max apnea time [(35.5±6.9),(31.3±6.0) s, respectively] and the longest time of oxygen desaturation [ (41.0±18.9), (29.9±9.3) s, respectively] had significant difference. Conclusion MALA may be helpful for shortening max apnea time and the longest time of oxygen desaturation, thus MAA is an effective alternative to patients of OSAHS. Further research should be done.

Objective To detect the levels of CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 regulatory T (Treg) cells and NKG2D-expressing NK cells in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients and investigate their relationship,and explore their roles in the immune escape of lung cancer and clinical significance.Methods The levels of CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 Treg cells,NK cells and NKG2D-expressing NK cells were measured in peripheral blood of 70 lung cancer patients and 50 healthy controls.Results Compared with control group,the levels of CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 Treg cells enormously increased [(8.4±4.1) ％,(6.7±1.7) ％] (t =3.09,P ＜ 0.05),while the value of NKG2D obviously decreased [(83.3±4.9) ％,(87.4±2.9) ％] (t =3.16,P ＜ 0.05); And the group of NK cells is not different [(15.6±8.3) ％,(17.2±4.2) ％] (t =-1.33,P ＞ 0.05); NKG2D-expressing NK cells had a perfect negative correlation with CD+4 CDLo25 CDLo127 Treg cells (r =-0.302,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Accumulation of Treg cells in serum may lead to the down-modulation of NKG2D-expressing NK which participates the tumor immune escape.They may be potential indicators evaluating immune functions and prognosis of lung cancers.

Objective To review the surgical experience of intrapericardial pneumonectomy for Ⅲ stage lung cancer. Methods 35 patients with Ⅲ stage lung cancer received intrapericardial pneumonectomy from January 1990 to December 2000. Results None of the patients was operative death. The side effect rate was 34.3 %. 1, 3, and 5 years survival rate were 75.2 %, 35.8 %, 21.3 % respectively. Conclusion Intrapericardial pneumonectomy can increase obiousiy resect rate of Ⅲ stage lung cancer which is a kind of safe and dependable surgical operation. It can prolong the life and improve the quality of life. [

ObjectiveTo evaluate “main line teaching-topic design” based classroom discussion method in immunology teaching. MethodsStudents of five-year class of pharmacology of Grade 2008 and Grade 2009 were selected to sit the innovating teaching.The teaching methods included main line teaching,topic design,classroom discussion and experimental operation.The evaluation of the effect was analyzed by the way of a questionnaire and comparing test scores.ResultsQuestionnaire survey results show that more than 73.5％ of experimental class students thought that the “main line teaching-topic design” based classroom discussion method helps to stimulate their learning enthusiasm and improve comprehensive ability.By T test,the difference of the average scores of experimental class and control class students was statistically significant ( P=0.0028 ).ConclusionThe “main line teaching-topic design”based classroom discussion method is accepted as an effective approach of immunology teaching and worth to extensive application.

Objective To evaluate the value and safety of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods The cytologic diagnosis of TBNA in 82 patients with enlarged hilar and/or mediastinal lymphnodes or lesions adjacent to the bronchial wall were analyzed retrospectively. All specimens were detected by the ThinPrep cytologic test. Results There were 43 positive cases in the 82 patients, and the positive rate was 52.4 %. There were 18 SCLCs,11squamous cancers, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 undefinable cancers, respectively. There were 39 patients with local bronchial wall swelling accompanied with abnormal mucosae. TBNA, douche, brushing and forcep biopsy were applied, and the diagnostic rate was 64.1%, 7.7 %, 25.6 % and 48.7 %, respectively. The total positive rate was 76.9 %. 43 patients with normal mucous membrane only underwent TBNA. 18 cases were positive, and the positive rate was 41.9 %. There was no obvious complication in the 82 patients. Conclusion The technique of TBNA enlarged the inspection scope of bronchoscopy. It has significant meaning to the diagnosis of lung cancer. TBNA was an useful and safe method in clinical application and could be used widely.