Objective To investigate the clinical operating skills of the ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct puncture drainage(PTCD),and improve the success rate.Methods 60 cases of tumor-induced obstructive jaundice underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct puncture drainage were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.Results 60 cases were all punctureed successfully,and the success rate was 100％.A puncture needle patients which was successfully accounted for 88％ (53 cases).No obvious puncture complications were found.Conclusion Preoperative fully prepared for surgery the appropriate action can improve the ultrasoundguided percutaneous bile duct through the success rate of bypass,there is helpfal to reduce the puncture complications.

Objective To investigate the pathological changes and mechanism in the urethra by parturition-induced stress urinary incontinence.Methods Sprague Dawley female rats underwent vaginal balloon dilation for 4 hours immediately after delivery.One week later,the rats were anesthetized and both ovaries were excised.Then a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was successfully established.One month after ovariectomy,conscious cystometry and Leak-Point Pressure (LPP) were measured by MP150.Histological examination and Western blotting were performed after functional assays.Results (1) 85％ of rats presented astress urinary incontinence in the model group.(2) The urethras in SUI rats had decreased muscles,and striated muscles showed fragmentized and disorganized.(3) Elastic fibers were long,well organized and tightly connected to the muscle bundles in sham group,while elastic fibers showed fragmentation and disorganization in the model group.(4) The protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and blood vessels were reduced in SUI rats as compared with the sham rats.Conclusions Muscle and elastic fibers in the urethra are disrupted in SUI rat.VEGF may play an important role in regulation of pathological changes in urethra.

Objective To explore the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences were performed in 46 patients, including 21 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 cases of chronic prostatitis and 16 cases of prostate cancer. DWI were obtained with a b-factor of 800 s/mm2. According to the pathological results obtained by ultrasound guided biopsy, the peripheral zone of prostate was divided into six parts by orientations and they were divided into noncancerous, hyperplasia, prostatitis and cancerous groups. The ADC value of each region was measured and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in all cases.The mean ADC values of prostatic peripheral zone, prostatic central gland, inflammatory area and cancerous area were (2.20±0. 29)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s and ( 1.24 ± 0.32) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in ADC values between the inter-groups (P＜0. 01 ). With ROC cut point setting to 1.49 ×10-3 mm2/s, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were 86. 8% and 94. 0%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0. 945±0. 010. Conclusions ADC value might be useful to evaluate prostate cancer. DWI has an important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,early diagnosis,and rational treatments of traumatic renal artery thrombosis or other traumatic emboli.Methods We summarized the clinical data of 10 patients with traumatic renal artery thrombosis or other traumatic emboli.Results Six of ten patients had left renal artery thrombosis,while four of the ten patients had right renal artery thrombosis.Ultrasonography reported a reduced blood flow signal in one patient,and then renal artery embolism was confirmed by enhanced CT.The other nine patients were directly definitely diagnosed as renal artery embolism by enhanced CT.Four patients were treated with low molecular weight heparin calcium,in whom the CT follow-up showed no obvious blood reperfusion in injured kidneys,but the renal function was in normal range.Renal hypertension occurred in two patients,and one of them received nephrectomy because of poorly controlled hypertension with medication.Conclusions Clinical symptoms,signs and laboratory examinations show no specific findings for diagnosis of traumatic renal artery thrombosis.The color Doppler ultrasound is a preliminary screening method for,and an enhanced CT scan is an effective method for,diagnosis of renal artery thrombosis.The early recovery of renal blood circulation is an evidence of effective treatment.Major concerns are supposed to focus on renal function and blood pressure during followup.