Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) is one of main components in many medicinal fungi. Ergone has been reported to possess the activities of diuresis, cytotoxicity, antitumor, immunosuppression, as well as treatment of chronic kidney disease. According to reported literatures, an overview of spectroscopy characteristics, content determination, pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetics, etc. for ergone is presented in this review. Furthermore, the present review can provide a certain reference value for the further study and development of ergone.
Animals ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the post-operative glucose level and insulin dose of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy.Methods From September 1980 to September 2014, 21 patients underwent total pancrea-tectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, who were enrolled in our study.We reviewed the changes in their insulin dosage and glucose levels after operation, also summarized type and dose of insulin as well as glucose level in stable period.Results The required insulin dose reached peak within 4 days after surgery ( maximum dose 300 U/d).The average dose was (143.5 ±62.8) U/d and decreased gradually.During the perioperative period (needing parenteral nutrition), the blood glucose level fluctuated markedly (1.52-29.06 mmol/L) and the average level was (11.18 ±0.95) mmol/L.During the stable period ( without parenteral nutrition) , patients on average had (5.3 ±2.0) U of preprandial rapid-acting insulin and (8.1 ±2.9) U of long-acting insulin be-fore sleeping;the average fasting blood glucose was (6.69 ±1.48) mmol/L, 2 h postprandial blood glucose was (9.08 ±2.84) mmol/L, bedtime blood glucose was (9.66 ±2.49) mmol/L, and blood glucose level at night was (8.15 ±2.78) mmol/L.67%of the patients had 13 hypoglycemic episodes monthly on average.For those five followed-up patients, the average hemoglobin A1c was (6.15 ±1.20)%.Conclusions Patients undergoing total pancreatectomy may experience marked fluctuation of blood glucose level and short-term increase of insulin need which gradually decreases afterwards.After entering the stable period, the glucose level could be well-con-trolled but with frequent hypoglycemia.There is no diabetic ketoacidosis.

Objective To investigate the recent effect of full arthroscopic dual-beam reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)using tibial Inlay technique.Methods From March 2007 to September 2009,17 PCL injured patients underwent full arthroscopic dual-beam PCL reconstruction using Inlay technique,including 16 males and 1 female,with an average age of 25 years(range,19-54).Of all cases,Lysholm score was(53.4±2.1)points,International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)rated C in 7,D in 10,and posterior drawer test(+)in 17.We used self-designed tibia tunnel drill system to produce the deep-limited bone tunnel.Follow-up began at 12 months after operation.Evaluate Lysholm knee score,IKDC rating,and posterior drawer test to compare the knee stability with that of preoperative.Observe the location of the bone block and healing by checking knee X-ray and spiral CT scan.Results Seventeen patients were followed up between 12 to 28 months,with an average of 17.8 months.In the last follow-up study,Lysholm score(93.5±1.7)points compared with that of preoperative was statistically significant different(P=0.016).IKDC rating of A grade in 15 cases,B in 2,compared with that of preoperative was statistically significant different(P=0.021).Posterior drawer test were negative in 15 cases,slight positive in 2.The X-ray and spiral CT scan showed the location of the bone block were perfect and healed well.Conclusion We can accurately produce the deep-limited bone tunnel by the tibia tunnel drill system with minor trauma,and the recent clinical effects of PCL reconstruction were pretty good.

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostat- ic duct and acinus system,and to study the mechanism of intraprostatic urinary reflux(IPUR)resulting from high pressure of the posterior urethra by experiment.Methods Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and corrosion casting methods,high pressure of the prostatic urethra was produced based upon IPUR in normal male canines.Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)casting solution was injected into 8 Beagle canines'normal prostates to induce intraprostatie resin solution reflux.Results Six casting molds of nor- real canine prostate specimens were obtained,and the casting failed in 2.By corrosion and casting treatment, the prostate appeared to consist of several glandular lobes.The columnar apophyses of glandular surface were observed.The most glandular ducts pointed outward from urethral peristome.Each glandular duct system was made up of many bifurcated branches from the bough as a duct tree.More than 90% of the bifurcations were Y-shaped,and 6 bifurcated branches were rarely seen.The tip of the duct was vesicular.The diameter and length of the bough were(0.37?0.14)mm and(1.14?0.04)mm,respectively.The intersectional angle of urethra and peripheral glandular duct was the biggest.Peripheral glandular duct was perpendicular or con- verse to urinary flow.Peripheral glandular aeinus appeared elliptic and velvet.The mesh-like and crater-like depressions were shown on the surface of central glandular aeinus.Ejaculatory ducts independently and branchlessly entered the urethra.Conclusions The resin corrosion casting methods combined with SEM can clearly show the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostatic duct and acinus system. IPUR may easily occur in the peripheral glands from the morphological view.It is suggested that prostatitis occurs more commonly in peripheral glands,confirming a fact that high pressure of the posterior urethra can induce IPUR.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the result of free transmidline bi-lobed scapular skin flap transplantation to repair massive soft tissue defects in upper and lower extremities.

METHODSFree transmidline bi-lobed scapular skin flap was designed according to the characteristics of scapular skin and its vasculature, and they were used to repair massive soft tissue defects in upper and lower extremities as a result of hot crush injury and avulsion injury in 9 patients. The survival of the flap, the blood supply, the color and elasticity of the flap, as well as scar contraction and impairment in function were observed after operation.

RESULTSThe largest flap formed with the horizontal branch and descending branch circumflex scapular artery were 31 x 14 cm and 22 x 16 cm, respectively. The horizontal branch went across the spinal midline for 10 cm. All skin flaps survived with good elasticity and without necrosis. The grafted skin was excellent in the appearance and elasticity, with no scar contracture , and function of the injured extremities recovered well 2 to14 months after the operation.

CONCLUSIONFree transmidline bi-lobed scapular skin flap is an ideal procedure for the repair of massive soft tissue defects in upper and lower extremities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the changes of resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate metabolism and body composition in cancer patients.

METHODSFrom September 2004 to March 2008, REE, carbohydrate oxidation (CO) and fat oxidation (FO) in 936 cancer patients and 840 control subjects were measured by indirect calorimetry. Bioelectrical impedance appliance was applied to assess intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in the two groups.

RESULTSNo difference in REE was found between the cancer patients and non-cancer patients [(1452.2 +/- 196.4) kcal/d vs. (1429.5 +/- 182.6) kcal/d, P = 0.136]. But REE/FFM and REE/pREE were elevated in cancer patients than in controls (all P < 0.05). Of the cancer patients, 48.6% were hypermetabolic, 42.9% normal and 8.5% hypometabolic, while those were 22.5%, 58.5% and 19.0% in controls. Cancer patients had higher FO [(77.8 +/- 11.3) g/min vs. (67.1 +/- 12.1) g/min, P = 0.000], lower CO and npRQ [(68.7 +/- 10.5) g/min vs. (88.8 +/- 12.1) g/min, P = 0.000; 0.782 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.810 +/- 0.014, P = 0.000]. Cancer patients exhibited lower FM and FFM [(14.9 +/- 4.5) kg vs. (18.4 +/- 5.2) kg, P = 0.000; (44.4 +/- 7.2) kg vs. (46.1 +/- 8.1) kg, P = 0.008].

CONCLUSIONSElevated REE is common in cancer patients. Substrate metabolism of the cancer patients features in increased FO, decreased CO and npRQ, which is correlated with the elevated REE. FM and FFM loses in proportion in cancer patients.

Body Composition ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Fats ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic strategy of hot press injury complicating with blood vessel injury in the upper extremity.

METHODSDecompression procedure was carried out in 8 patients with hot press injury complicating with blood vessel injury in the upper extremities, but the effect was not of satisfactory because there were injuries to brachial, radial and ulnar arteries and also injury to the superficial or deep palmar arch. The blood vessels were repaired with direct anastomosis, anastomosis with flexion of the limb, or transplantation with great saphenous vein, and the wounds were covered with intermediate split-thickness skin graft or pedicled thoraco-abdominal skin flap.

RESULTSOne patient with repair of the brachial artery and intermediate split thickness skin graft received amputation 4 weeks after operation because of lack of soft tissue coverage. The blood supply recovered completely in the other patients, so the affected limbs were saved.

CONCLUSIONPrompt exploration and repair of blood vessel, and coverage of the wound with healthy soft tissue are key procedures for the management of hot press injury complicating with blood vessel injury in the upper extremities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm Injuries ; surgery ; Brachial Artery ; injuries ; Burns ; pathology ; surgery ; Crush Syndrome ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Saphenous Vein ; transplantation ; Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

Acute Disease ; Alcoholism ; complications ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Infant ; Male

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Environmental Exposure ; Hypothermia ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater ; Thigh ; physiology ; physiopathology

This study aims to establish the occupational exposure limit (OEL) in the air for workplace of warfarin based on the available toxicological studies and field investigations by using questionnaire and air monitoring. The clinical therapeutic dose was used as lowest observed effect level (LOEL), and no observed effect level (NOEL) was achieved by using a safety factor. The highest concentration of warfarin monitored in the worksite of centrifuge washing, drying and packing were 0.029 mg/m3, 0.051 mg/m3 respectively, which did not exceed the OEL 0.1 mg/m3 recommended by NIOSH and ACGIH. Considering its feasibility for enforcement and protection for workers, we recommend OEL 0.1 mg/m3 of warfarin in China.
Anticoagulants ; toxicity ; China ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; standards ; Risk Factors ; Warfarin ; toxicity