Breast cancer is the most common disease in women worldwide, which not only threatened the women’s survival time, but also inlfuenced their quality of life as well. Within this challenge, it’s important to optimize the current multidisciplinary treatment stratagem for breast cancer. Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment modality for patients with breast cancer, with the trend to shrink the irradiated volume and shorten the total fraction times in recent years. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a fast and convenient procedure has the ability to deliver a high, single-fraction radiation dose to tumor beds with minimal exposure of surrounding tissues (lung, heart, etc.), which could be displaced or shielded right after the tumor removal during the surgical procedure. Right now, IORT has been either integrated as a boost technique in multimodal approaches using postoperative EBRT in the treatment of early breast cancer patients undergoing breast conservation surgery or used as a single dose accelerated partial breast irradiation technique for these patients. This review discussed the rationale of IORT, the beneifts and limitations of IORT, the indication and the clinical results of this procedure, including treatment related side-effects as well in order to provide the preliminary evidence based approach for early breast cancer patients.

Hemorrhoid refers to soft vein mass formed by varicosity of submucosal veins around the end of the rectum and subcutanceous veins of the anal canal. It is the most common anorectal disease. This article summarized the regular patterns, features and advantages of Professor Yu Hai-Bo's acupuncture-moxibustion therapy for hemorrhoids, in order to guide the acupuncture treatment for hemorrhoids.

Objective To map the complete methylation status of the hMLH1 promoter in sporadic colorectal carcinoma and analyze the relationship between MVPs (methylation variable positions) of hMLH1 promoter and the expression of hMLH1. Methods Methylation status of hMLH1 promoter was measured by bisulfite sequencing. hMLH1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Out of the 30 sporadic colorectal carcinoma specimens, the hypermethylation of CGIs (CpG islands) 1 was in 6 and that of CGIs 2 in 4. The hMLH1 protein was detected in 15 specimens. Chi square test showed the methylation of CGIs 1 was closely related to loss of hMLH1 protein expression (P0.05). Conclusion In CGIs 1, CpG positions from 1 to 28 are the critical region that could influence the expression of hMLH1.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde, the main component of volatile oil from cassia twig or Cinnamomum cassia, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Trans-cinnamaldehyde is a kind olefine aldehyde of organic compounds and has many pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and neuroprotection etc. The compound has preventive and therapeutic effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Trans-cinnamaldehyde, as a preventive care of nature medicine, has great clinical and market potential. This paper gives a review about the pharmacological effects and mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde researched in the latest five years. We hope to provide some basic information for further research on trans-cinnamaldehyde.
Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans

Adult ; Barotrauma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paint

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical value of Young's modulus by supersonic shear wave elastography (SWE) in differential diagnosis of thyroid solid nod1ules.MethodsEighty-three patients with 113 solid nodules were examined by SWE.All the nodules were confirmed by pathology.According to Young's modulus,a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn,and it used to identify the value of optimal operating point for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Results ① The mean of Young's modulus of benign nodules was (23.57 ± 9.35)kPa,which was significantly different from the valve of malignant nodules (43.73 ± 19.82) kPa ( t =6.31,P =0.00).(②) It showed that the optimal operating point of ROC curve as 27.49,with high sensitivity(93.2％),specificity(81.2％) and accuracy (85.8％).The area under ROC curve was 0.91.Conclusions SWE is a newly quantitative technique of ultrasonography,which is helpful to identify and distinguish in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Objective To explore an effective method for preventing and treating oral mucosal complications of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Methods Fifty head and neck cancer patients who were receiving radiotherapy were enrolled between March, 2008 and March, 2010. These patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group. During the radiotherapy, patients in the treatment group were given IL-11 in the form of atomization inhalation,whereas patients in the control group were not. Results IL-1 1 was well tolerated by the patients. It significantly decreased the level of oral mucosal complications and pains and improved patients' appetites ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, the duration of pain was significantly ( P <0.05 ) reduced from 4.5 ± 1.3 days ( in control group) to 2.3 ± 1.0 ( in treatment group), and the healing period was also significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced from 7.3 ± 1.5 days ( in control group) to 4.1 ± 1.7 ( in treatment group). Conclusion IL-11 is effective in preventing and treating oral mucosal complications of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer,relieving associated pains, and therefore improving patients' quality of life.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the lower cervical spine (C3 -C7 ) laminar screw technique for fixing adult posterior cervical spine .Methods We chose 9 formalin fixed moist adult cervical specimens ,which consist of male 6 and female 3 of the age 38 to 63 years old .The average age is 51 .9 years old and the average height is 165 .6 cm .Then we measured the thickness and heightof C3 -C7 lamina ,the lamina length of L1 ,L2 ,and the lamina of axis and the sagittal plane angle .Results The thickness and height of C3 -C7 lamina ,and the lamina length of L1 and L2 of adult male is bigger than adult women .There was statistical sig-nificance between the thickness ,height ,lamina length difference of different genders lamina (P<0 .05) ,but no significant difference between the left and the right (P> 0 .05) .The average lamina thickness of C2 ,C3 ,C4 ,C5 ,C6 ,C7 were respectively 4 .70 ,3 .87 , 3 .30 ,3 .84 and 5 .16 mm .The lamina thickness which was more than 4 .00 mm accounted for 54 .4% .The lamina thickness of C3 , C4 ,C6 ,C7 which was more than 4 .00 mm accounted respectively for 77 .8% ,61 .1% ,33 .3% ,and 88 .9% .Conclusion Crossing laminar screws in cervical spine is feasible in anatomy .The operation can make under direct vision ,and can accurately estimate the screw path length and entry angle .Patients with anatomic abnormalities can be used as an alternative fixation technique or as fixed in the fixed mode fails .So the results can provide a reference for clinical application .

AIM: To quantitatively investigate transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and its receptors in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues and pterygium tissues. METHODS: Thirty cases of pterygium patients were randomly selected to undergo surgical resection of pterygium lesion, and the normal margin of bulbar con-junctival tissues were collected as control. Gene expres-sion was detected quantitatively by the method of quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was 4.26×10-7±1.45×10-7 and 1.08×10-10±0.68×10-10 in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 10.67×10-7±7.47×10-7 and 8.23×10-11±6.63×10-11 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠand TGF-βRⅡwas 0.003015±0.0036 and 5.33×10-5±5.05×10-5in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 0.000379±0.000281 and 1.002×10-5±9.04×10-6 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in pterygium was elevated (P<0.01). TGF-β1 expression level in pterygium increase 2.9±2.8 times than in normal conjunctiva. TGF-β2 expression level in pterygium increase 7.5±1.4 times than in normal conjunctiva. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠin pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-βRII in pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: QRT-PCR is an effective method to quantitatively detect gene expression in eye. The upregulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 and downregulation of their receptors expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pterygium, which is noteworthy further investigation in diagnosis and treatment of pterygium.real-time PCR; gene expression

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking treatment for bronchial asthma, and provide clinical evidence for the synergy of the two therapies, and explore their synergistic mechanism. Methods: A total of 70 patients were randomized into an acupoint injection plus sticking group and an acupiont sticking group by the random number table, with 35 cases in each group. The treatment took place in July and August. The acupoint injection plus sticking group was treated with acupoint injection and acupiont sticking, while the acupiont sticking group was treated only with acupiont sticking therapy. The treatment course was 4 weeks. After the treatment, the scores of symptom scale in the two groups before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after the treatment were observed. Results: During the treatment, there were 5 dropouts in the acupoint injection plus sticking group with 30 cases remained, and 4 dropouts in the acupiont sticking group with 31 cases remained. Before the treatment, there was no significant difference in the total scores of symptom scale between the two groups. Three months after the treatment, the total scores of symptom scale of both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (bothP<0.05). In the inter-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the difference values of the scores before treatment and 3 months after treatment (P>0.05). Six months after the treatment, the total scores of symptom scale in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (bothP<0.05), so were the differences in the difference values of the scores before treatment and 6 months after treatment (bothP<0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking or acupoint sticking alone both can improve the symptoms of patients with bronchial asthma. Acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking has a higher total effective rate than single acupoint sticking therapy.