Objective To observe the effect of T-2 toxin on growth and development of rat epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia in normal and low nutritional status, to find out possible pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease and provide experimental basis for early intervention. Methods Ninety 3-week-old Wistar rats, weighing 60 - 70 g, were randomly divided into three groups: control group(general feed), T-2 toxin + general feed group, T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, thirty rats in each group with equally sex ratio. T-2 toxin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered orally 5 times a week via a gavage needle for 4 weeks. The change of hair, activity and body weight was observed. After 1, 2, 4 weeks, the epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia (including distal femur and proximal tibia) were collected. Specimens were processed with HE and Masson staining. The morphology of chondrocytes and matrix collagen content in epiphyseal plate was observed. Trabecular bone volume fraction in tibial metaphyseal bone was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results In the control group, rats were in good movement and hair with light, but in T-2 toxin + general feed group and T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, rats were found with reduced activities and hair with dark color. Body weights(g) of the control group, the T-2 toxin + general feed group and the T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group were 81.0 ± 6.2, 79.0 ±5.1, 77.0 ± 7.5, respectively, by the end of first week; 101.8 ± 6.7, 97.0 ± 6.8, 93.0 ± 5.3, respectively, by the end of second week; 151.1 ± 15.7, 126.5 ± 11.9, 106.5 ± 11.5, respectively, by the end of fourth week. There was significant difference in groups by second week and the fourth week (F = 9.72, 41.65, all P ＜ 0.05 ). There was significant difference among multi-groups by the fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Under light microscope, at the second weeks, coagulative necrosis of chondrocytes was found in hypertrophic zone in the two groups with T-2 toxin; at the fourth weeks, cell necrosis increased. Masson staining showed collagen staining in the two groups with T-2 toxin significantly turned to clear pale coloration, indicating that the collagen matrix was significantly reduced. Image analysis showed there was significant difference in groups at the second and fourth week(F= 9.72, 41.65, all P＜ 0.05)in tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction. There was significant difference between T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group[(0.55 ± 0.12)％, (0.21 ± 0.0)％] and control group[(0.67 ± 0.09)％, (0.51 ± 0.14)％] by the second and fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Under normal nutritional status, T-2 toxin can induce hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage necrosis, collagen content decreased in epiphyseal plate, metaphyseal trabecular bone formation disorders; in the low nutritional status, T-2 toxin can lead to rat epiphyseal necrosis and significant metaphyseal bone disorder, but whether the performance is related to Kaschin-Beck disease needs to be studied further.

"Wise men could recognize similarities, but the fool only recognizes differences" in Su-wen, which expounded clinical thinking methods of Chinese medicine (CM). "To recognize similarities and differences simultaneously" is of important clinical significance in understanding the laws of diseases. CM pays much attention to recognize similarities, while modern medicine emphasizes the differences observed. In order to develop integrative medicine (IM), similarities recognition and differences identification must be combined together to innovate new thinking methods of IM.
Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; physiopathology ; Brain Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cisterna Magna ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stromal Cells ; transplantation

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.

Objective To detect the mutations of ATP2C1 gene in patients with Hailey-Hailey dis- ease (HHD).Methods PCR and direct sequencing were performed in 17 patients and 120 healthy controls to screen the mutations in the exons of ATP2C1 gene.Results Eight mutations were identified in nine probands, including three deletion mutations (nt1464-1487 del/nt1462-1485del,1523delAT,2375delTTGT),three splice site mutations (360—2A→G,1415—2A→T,2243+2T→C) and two missence mutations (C920T and G1942T).None of the above mutations was found in the controls.Conclusion Eight specific novel mutations were identified in nine probands of HHD,which could be causative factors of the disease.

Experiments were performed on Sprague Dawley rats with multibarrel microelectrode technique. The effects of acoustic response of A I cortex neurons produced by electrical stimulation of lateral amygdaloid nucleus (LA) and the influence of GABA were observed. Experimental results showed that iontophoretic administration of GABA caused a pronounced inhibition of the electrical activity of A-I neurons. Blockade of GABA(A) with bicuculline (BIC) facilitated the acoustic response. The acoustic response of A-I neurons was inhibited when the LA was stimulated. Iontophoretic application of GABA resulted in a similar inhibitory effect as that of LA stimulation. Blockade of GABA(A) with bicuculline reversed the inhibitory effect of LA stimulation on the acoustic response of A-I neurons. In contrast, application of strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, could not reverse the inhibitory effect of LA. Baclofen, a GABA(B) agonist, did not affect the acoustic response of the auditory neurons. These results indicate that GABA is the ultimate transmitter which mediates the LA stimulation-induced inhibition of the acoustic response of A-I neurons in rats, possibly via the GABA(A) receptor.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Amygdala ; physiology ; Animals ; Baclofen ; pharmacology ; Bicuculline ; pharmacology ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; physiology ; GABA Agonists ; pharmacology ; GABA Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Iontophoresis ; methods ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA-A ; physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results of cortical windowing of the femoral diaphysis for well-fixed cement/plug removal during hip revision surgery.

METHODSFrom May 2005 to June 2009, 14 patients (14 hips) were undergone revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), window was cut into the cortex of the femur, and the well-fixed cement/plug distal to the window was removed under the direct vision. After reimplanted the cementless revision stem, the cortical lids were replanted and fixed with 2 to 3 cerclage wires. Six patients who had suffered from osteoporosis were undergone morselized bone graft to the osteotomy site. Postoperatively, the patients were maintained at partial weight-bearing (touchdown) for 6 weeks and then advanced as they were able.

RESULTSThe length of the cortical windows varied from 2.5 to 6.0 cm (mean, 3.4 cm), the width ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 cm (mean, 1.2 cm). In one patient the window was enlarged during the procedure to facilitate the cement/plug removal. The mean radiologically healing time for the windows was 19 weeks. There was no intraoperative femoral perforation during cement/plug removal. One femoral fracture during the revision stem was implanted. No postoperative periprosthetic fracture and other complications such as infection, implant subsidence occurred during the fellow-up. There was no femoral thigh pain or implant loosening with femoral window.

CONCLUSIONThe cortical windowing technique is very helpful to facilitate the well-fixed cement/plug distal to the prosthesis tip removal and the windows heal rapidly and decrease the femoral complications associated with revision THA.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Cements ; Device Removal ; methods ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the clinical and radiological results of the impaction morselized allografting combined with cementless long stem for femoral component revision in patients with significant bone loss.

METHODSFrom July 2003 to June 2009, 27 patients (27 hips) underwent revision hip arthroplasty in femurs with bone defect using impaction allografting and cementless components. There were 15 male and 12 female with mean age of 67 years. According to the Paprosky classification system, the bone defects in femur were classified into type II in 3 cases, type III in 21 cases and type IV 3 cases. The patients were followed up postoperatively to observe the clinical and radiological results, and if there had the stem subsidence, periprosthetic fracture, infection and other complications.

RESULTSTwenty-three patients were followed up. The mean follow-up time was 26 months. Harris score improved from 43 points pre-revision to 83 points at the final follow-up. No femoral stem loosening and failure occurred. There were 4 stem with a mean 3.3 mm subsidence. One case had an acute infection after revision and treated successfully by debridement and drainage, antibiotics. No stem need further revision. Radiographic analysis showed all the revised stem was stable, and graft incorporation was seen in at least 1 zone in 100% of the femurs.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study demonstrates that femoral support and vigorous impaction grafting combined with cementless long stem results in an good intermediated-term clinical effects.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Design ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the present prevalence state of children's Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Xinghai county of Qinghai province,a relative active KBD area in 2009,and to investigate their nutritional selenium level of local children and the T-2 toxin contamination level in their staple food.Methods Right hand X-ray photographs of children aged 7 - 12 in Shang,Zhong and Xia villages of Tangnaihai countryside in Xinghai county were taken.X-ray diagnosis was carried out according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin Beck Disease (GB 16003-1995 ).Selected samples (children's hair,drinking water and their staple food) were collected according to X-ray film taken.Selenium contents in hair,drinking water and staple food samples were measured by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence,and T-2 toxin in staple food sample was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits.ResultsTotal X-ray detection rate of children KBD was 12.20％(31/254) and KBD positive rate of children in Xia village was up to 14.97％(22/147),Shang village was up to 9.52％(6/63),and Zhong village was up to 6.82％ (3/44).The selenium level in children's body and outer environment was very low,namely,the selenium content in hair,drinking water,wheat and flour was (0.250 ± 0.136)mg/kg,(0.156 ± 0.046)μg/L,(0.0045 ± 0.0030)mg/kg,and (0.0067 ± 0.0116)mg/kg,respectively.The T-2 toxin level was relatively high in children's staple food,which was (78.91 ± 46.17)μg/kg in wheat and (47.47 ± 46.47)μg/kg in flour.Conclusions In relative active KBD areas of Xinghai county of Qinghai province,the children's selenium nutritional level is low,and the T-2 toxin contamination level in their staple food is relatively high,which is consistent with the distribution of local children's KBD.