Currently, the model of the research evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is set up through imitating that of western medicine. The application of quantitative research to TCM does promote the advance of modernization of TCM, which explore the part of TCM that can be measured in quantitative method. However, TCM has a background of profound philosophy and culture. The priority of TCM can not be expressed through quantitative research alone. On the contrary, qualitative research is more suitable to most research area of TCM. In TCM clinical research, the priority of TCM should be fully explored. It is very significant to set up the effectiveness evaluation system of TCM, especially by applying qualitative research to the diagnosis and the evaluation of treatment results and combining quantitative research.

This article made an in-depth analysis of the pharmaceutical system of Australia in terms of its drug regulatory authorities,drug management policies and drug benefit plans.A summary of the Australian experiences hold that health system of the Australian government boasts a smooth and clear compensation mechanism,and flexible and a drag pricing approach ensuring interests of all parties.Its decision-making emphasizes technical support and covers specific groups of people with special policies,meeting patients' drug needs to the maximum.All these practices are worthy of learning for China.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine immunomodulator on T lymphocyte immune function in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of immature rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Three-weeks Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. (n= 12, in each): normal control group, sham operation group, obstructive jaundice (OJ) group, OJ + Chinese herbal medicine immunomodulator (OJ+ZY) group. Except for the normal control group, the others' bile duct stones were ligatured to establish rat models with obstructive jaundice. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ tlymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of immature rats was detected by flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD4+ cell [(36.2 ±4.2)%, (28.8±1.8)% respectively] and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ [(1.14±0.39), (1.37±0.34)respectively] in OJ group were lower than those in normal control group [peripheral blood: CD4+(41.5±5.3)%,CD4+/CD8+(1.37±0.19); intestinal mucosa: CD4+(32.3± 2.4)%, CD4+/CD8+ (1.84+0.28) and sham operation group (peripheral blood: CD4+ (41.2±5.5)%, CD4+/CD8+ (1.45±0.27); intestinal mucosa: CD4+(31.5 ± 2.7)%, CD4+/CD8+ (1.63±0.58)] . The difference was statistical significant(P<0.05). The percentage of CD4+ cell [(42.7±6.3)%, (33.6±2.4)% respectively] and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ [(1.56±0.46), (1.84±0.56)respectively] in OJ+ZY group, were higher than those in OJ group(P<0.05). The difference was statistical significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine immunomodulator can increase T lymphocyte immune function in immature rats with obstructive jaundice, but has no significance in normal control group as well as sham operation group.

The preparation method, serum stability, efficiency of cellular uptake and apoptosis induction of the cell penetrating peptide TAT and cleavable PEG co-modified liposomes loaded with paclitaxel (C-TAT-Lipo) were investigated. The best preparation procedure was performed by orthogonal test based on single factor screening method. First, the paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposomes were prepared by filming-rehydration method, evaluated with entrapment efficiency and polydispersity index. The morphology of C-TAT-Lipo was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Turbidity variations were monitored in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to evaluate the serum stability of the liposomes developed here. Next, the efficiency of cellular uptake of different Rho-PE-labeled liposomes on B16F1 cells in vitro was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis induced by different PTX-loaded liposomes was performed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The optimal formulation was as follows: Chol : lipid: 1 : 8 (molar ratio); drug : lipid: 1 : 40 (mass ratio); lipid concentration: 3 mmol x L(-1); temperature of hydration: 25 degrees C. The mean size and polydispersity index of C-TAT-Lipo were about (97.97 +/- 3.68) nm and 0.196 +/- 0.037, the zeta potential was (-0.89 +/- 0.45) mV, the entrapment efficiency of paclitaxel was (90.16 +/- 1.53)%. The particle sizes did not exhibit significant variations in 50% FBS over 24 h at 37 degrees C. The efficiency of cellular uptake of the C-TAT-Lipo increased 1.40 fold following the cleavage of PEG. Apoptosis analysis showed 59.3% increase of the apoptosis and necrosis profile of C-TAT-Lipo after the detachment of PEG shells, which was markedly higher than that of N-TAT-LP with or without glutathione and SL, respectively. The results indicate that the C-TAT-Lipo is successfully prepared by filming-rehydration method and shows significant antitumor activities.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral obstruction caused by endometriosis. Methods Out of 23 patients suffered from endometriosis treated from 1997 to 2000,ureteral obstruction occurred in 2 accompanied by hydronephrosis and dilatation of ureter.Both the 2 underwent sub total hysterectomy, resection of the intumescence in pelvic cavity, and the ureter was freed from the surrounding tissue. Results Ureteral obstruction was relieved in 7～10 days after the procedure. Both the petients were followed up for 2 years without recurrence. Conclusions Attention shoud be called to ureteral obstruction caused by endometriosis.Ultrasonic examination and intravenous pyelogram before operation, close examination of the ureter and adequate freeing of the ureter from it's surrounding tissue during operation, the application of gestrinone for 6 months after the operation, and scheduled following up would yield a satisfactory outcome.

Objective:To analyze the occurrence information and clinical manifestations of adverse reactions caused by quinolones antimicrobial drugs in Beijing Hospital and to provide the basis for clinical use.Method:In a retrospective study,128 cases of adverse reactions caused by quinolones antimicrobial drugs from 2003 to 2007 in Beijing Hospital were statistically analyzed in respect of drug categories,genders,ages,routes of administration,organs or systems, clinical manifestations,etc.Result:The drugs causing adverse drug reactions included seven categories.Levofloxacin showed the highest propotion,and intravenous drip was the main route of administration,and damages of skin were the most common manifestation.Conclusion:Adverse reactions monitoring of anti-infective agents should be strengthened to ensure the rational and safe patient medication.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method to determine the content of geniposide in Xiaoyan Tuire Patch. Method The column of Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm?250 mm 5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase was composed of water-acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (86∶14∶0.01). The flow rate was 1 mL/min, with UV detection at 238 nm, and the temperature was 30 ℃. Results The linear range was 0.07～0.70 ?g (r =0.99997). The average recovery was 98.60% and the RSD was 1.96%. Conclusion The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and can be used for the determination of Xiaoyan Tuire Patch.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method to determine the content of ephedrine?HCl in Xiaoyan Zhike Plaster. Method The sample was prepared according to 2005 edition of Chinese Pharmacopocia, the column of Inertsil-3 ODS (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase was composed of methanol-0.1% of phosphoric acid (5∶95). The flow rate was 1 mL/min, with UV detection at 207 nm. Results The linear range was 0.041～0.41 ?g (r=0.999 8). The lowest limit of detection was 0.025 6 ?g. The average recovery and the precision was 99.55% and 2.58%. Conclusion The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of Xiaoyan Zhike Plaster.

Objective To find out the bioactive constituents in the stem of Lonicera japonica and to carry out a systematic study on the chemical constituents of the plant. Methods Three compounds were isolated from the plant by means of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses. Results All these compounds were identified as luteolin (Ⅰ), loga-nin (Ⅱ), r-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-trans-2, cis-3-dihydroxymethyl-7, 8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthalene (Ⅲ), respectively. Conclusion Compound Ⅲ is a new compound named as japenol.

Objective To optimize the alcohol extraction technique of the medical herbs such as Rhizoma Corydalis and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Methods To optimize the alcohol extraction technique with L9(34) orthogonal test. The content of the tetrahydropalmatine in Rhizoma Corydalis,which was used as evaluating criteria,was determined by HPLC. Results The optimized extraction technique was as follows: the medicinal material was extracted for 3 times with 3 times amount of 75% alcohol,1.5 hours per time. Conclusions The optimized technique is reasonable and the extraction rate was high.