Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as a biologic augmenter in arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff muscle. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the clinical and structural outcomes of patients with and without PRP supplementation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods : A systematic search in different online databases was done to evaluate studies involving PRP supplementation in arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff muscle, reviewing the re-tear rates, pain scale and functional shoulder scores in groups with and without PRP supplementation. Results: Six studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff with PRP supplementation showed statistically better clinical and structural outcomes compared to the group who did not receive supplementation. Conclusion PRP as a biologic augmenter can decrease the re-tear rates as well as pain scale and can improve the functional shoulder scores of patients with arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff muscle.
Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rotator Cuff ; Forelimb

The aim of this study was to determine the course of the median nerve and its adjacent structures in the carpal canals of 8 healthy dogs by using high-frequency transducers. Before performing ultrasonography, the transverse and posteroanterior diameters as well as the perimeter of the carpus were measured at just proximal to the side of the carpal pad. The anatomical structures were then determined at two levels of the carpal canal, which were named the proximal and distal levels, on the transverse sonograms. The cross-sectional areas, perimeters and the transverse and posteroanterior diameters of the median nerve were measured at these levels. Although all the measurements were larger at the proximal level, significant differences between the proximal and distal levels were determined for the cross-sectional area, the perimeter and the transverse diameter of the median nerve. On the transverse sonogram, the deep digital flexor tendon was seen in almost the center of the carpal canal like a comma shape and also it had a small concavity on the caudal side. The superficial digital flexor tendon was seen as an ovoid shape on the transverse sonograms and it was located nearly at the posterior side of the carpal canal. Both tendons were seen as intermediate-grade echogenic structures. The median artery was located inside of the concavity of the deep digital flexor tendon. Also, the median nerve was seen at the posteromedial side of the median artery. As a result of this study, the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve ranged between 1.01-2.68 mm2 at the proximal level and between 0.93-1.91 mm2 at the distal level.
Animals ; Dogs/*anatomy & histology ; Forelimb/*innervation ; Ultrasonography/*veterinary

A 10-year-old, castrated male, English cocker spaniel dog was presented for evaluation of a mass in the left forelimb. Physical examination revealed a solitary subcutaneous mass measuring 2.7 x 2.1 x 1 cm in size. Radiographs and ultrasonography showed a well-circumscribed, focally mineralized, non-invasive to muscle layer mass without signs of further bone invasion and periosteal reaction. Cytologic evaluation of the mass through fine needle aspiration revealed a mesenchymal cell type malignant tumor without distant metastasis. An excisional biopsy was performed for definitive diagnosis and the mass was diagnosed as cutaneous hemangiopericytoma. This case report presents disagreement between fine needle aspiration and histopathology during diagnostic procedures of cutaneous hemangiopericytoma in a dog.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Dogs ; Forelimb ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Physical Examination

Animal bones excavated with earthenware from the shell mound at the Jeju Jongdali 1819 archeological site, where three consecutive chronological layers covering the Neolithic (B.C. 15C-B.C. 10C), early Tamra, and late Tamra periods have been identified, were morphologically classified. The majority of the bones from all three periods were broken or split. The major fauna of the mammalian bones in all periods were Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus. In the early and late Tamra periods, bones of small animals including Mustela sibirica coreana, Meles meles, Rodentia, and Aves were also found in small number. The excavated bones were from all parts of the animal bodies, including head, trunk, forelimb, and hindlimb. Collectively, these findings suggest that the major fauna from the Neolithic to late Tamra periods consisted of Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus and that the fauna was dissected and carried to the shell mound site after hunting. Information from the bone remains in the shell mound are useful data for study of the wildlife and domestic animals living during the prehistoric period of Jeju Island.
Animals* ; Animals, Domestic ; Birds ; Cattle ; Forelimb ; Head ; Hindlimb ; Rodentia ; Sus scrofa

Using computerized motion analysis techniques, kinematics of foot trajectories were quantitatively analyzed in twelve rats before and after dorsal spinal cord hemisection at the T6 level. Although overground locomotion in these animals returned to normal within four weeks, some kinematic variables during treadmill locomotion did not recover to pre-lesion level. Immediately following dorsal hemisection, amplitudes of both hindfeet horizontal and vertical movements were dramatically reduces. However, in three weeks, the amplitudes of horizontal movement(stride length) became significantly larger than of pre-lesion strides. On the other hand, amplitude of hindlimb vertical movement showed very little recovery. Forelimb-hindmill coordination was also disrupted initially but returned to normal within three weeks. The duration of hindlimb swing phase became significantly longer after sectioning and gradually recovered, but never to pre-lesion levels. Interestingly, amplitudes of forelimb vertical movement. which was depressed initially, became significantly largery three weeks after lesioning. A dramatic increase in the statistical variation of limb kinematics, which persisted even after motor recovery, is an important parameter for the evaluation of neural deficits in spinal cord injuries. Kinematic analysis is a sensitive technique for the detection of minor motor deficits following nerve injuries.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extremities ; Foot ; Forelimb ; Hand ; Hindlimb ; Locomotion* ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord*

This study evaluated two different surgical techniques for the treatment of palmar annular ligament desmitis (PAL) in horses. The group 1 (G1) consisted of 11 Thoroughbred submitted to desmotomy, and G2 of 22 horses that underwent PAL desmectomy. There was no statistically significant difference between mean palmar annular ligament thickness in both groups evaluated (p = 0.800). In this study, the horses of G1 had 12 times more chance to return to physical activity, when compared to animals of G2 (p = 0.033; O.R. = 12.0; C.I.95% = 1,142 - 126,122). Desmectomy was more efficient in promoting the resolution of the injury and the return to sports activity.
Animals ; Forelimb ; Horse Diseases ; Horses* ; Ligaments* ; Motor Activity ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sports

The development of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling has been controversial, authors confirmed the development of kindling phenomenon in experimental rats following every second or third day intraperitoneal administration of PTZ(20-25mg/kg) to experimental rats and same amount of saline to control rats. The developmental stage of motor seizure could be categorized into five stages (stage I; clonic seizure of face and neck, stage II; clonic seizure of face, neck and forelimbs, stage III; clonic seizure of forelimbs and body with brief rearing, stage IV; falling and generalized clonic seizure, stage V; falling and generalized tonic-clonic seizure with tonic extension of hindlimbs). Linear regression analysis showed that the stages of motor seizure were increased with the number of PTZ injections (Y=0.1361X + 0.1943, p < 0.05). The persistence of kindling state was also observed after a 5-months pause of PTZ injection. This study suggested that PTZ kindling model in rats could be a good animal model of generalized epilepsy.
Animals ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Forelimb ; Linear Models ; Models, Animal ; Neck ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats* ; Seizures

The implantation of bioengineered scaffolds into lesion-induced gaps of the spinal cord is a promising strategy for promoting functional tissue repair because it can be combined with other intervention strategies. Our previous investigations showed that functional improvement following the implantation of a longitudinally microstructured collagen scaffold into unilateral mid-cervical spinal cord resection injuries of adult Lewis rats was associated with only poor axon regeneration within the scaffold. In an attempt to improve graft-host integration as well as functional recovery, scaffolds were seeded with highly enriched populations of syngeneic, olfactory bulb-derived ensheathing cells (OECs) prior to implantation into the same lesion model. Regenerating neurofilament-positive axons closely followed the trajectory of the donor OECs, as well as that of the migrating host cells within the scaffold. However, there was only a trend for increased numbers of regenerating axons above that supported by non-seeded scaffolds or in the untreated lesions. Nonetheless, significant functional recovery in skilled forelimb motor function was observed following the implantation of both seeded and non-seeded scaffolds which could not be correlated to the extent of axon regeneration within the scaffold. Mechanisms other than simple bridging of axon regeneration across the lesion must be responsible for the improved motor function.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons* ; Collagen ; Forelimb ; Humans ; Rats ; Regeneration* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal condition for activation of motor cortex by electrical stimulation of forelimb in rat. METHOD: Eleven adult rats (Sprague-Dawley rat) were studied, each of which was anesthetized and craniotomized. While the electrical stinulation was given on the contralateral forelimb of the fixed rat at stereotaxic frame, the evoked potential (EP) was obtained at the motor cortex of rat brain. The conditions of electrical stimulation were changed with 5 kinds of frequencies (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 Hz), 4 kinds of stimulus intensities (1, 3, 5, 7 mA) and 3 kinds of pulse widths (100, 200, 300 microsecond). RESULTS: The peak latencies of EPs in the motor cortex were significantly decreased and the amplitudes were significantly increased along with the decrement of stimulus frequency and the increment of stimulus intensity. The peak latencies and amplitudes of EPs were not significantly changed by stimulus pulse widths. CONCLUSION: The motor cortex of rat was more activated with lower frequency and higher intensity regardless of pulse width in the given condition of electrical stimulation in this study.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Electric Stimulation* ; Evoked Potentials ; Forelimb ; Humans ; Motor Cortex* ; Rats*

A 2-year-old male Tosa was admitted for treatment of a non-healing wound on the right forelimb. Skin tests were unremarkable; however, the lesion contained severe proliferative tissue. Surgical treatment was conducted due to the extensive skin defect and granulation tissue present. Following removal of the proliferative tissue, the wound was closed using the adjustable horizontal mattress suture method with multiple punctate relaxing incisions. The proliferative tissue healed completely after the surgical treatment. This technique can be considered an alternative treatment for the proliferative tissue when conditions require a skin graft or flap after surgical treatment.
Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Dogs* ; Forelimb ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Sutures* ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries