1.Technique of external ventricular drainage with intraventricular administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for patients with secondary intraventricular hemorrhage - Case series in a single institution.
Kevin Paul B. Ferraris ; Alain James R. Salloman ; Kenny S. Seng ; Joseph Erroll V. Navarro
Philippine Journal of Surgical Specialties 2019;74(2):33-43
INTRODUCTION:
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) as an extension of
spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is an independent predictor of
mortality. The Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of IVH
phase 3 (CLEAR III) trial is a randomized, double-blinded, placebocontrolled, multiregional trial recently conducted to determine whether
external ventricular drainage (EVD) plus intraventricular recombinant
tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA, alteplase) improved outcome, in
comparison to EVD plus saline. This study is an application of the
rationale and principles of management in CLEAR III trial and related
literature.
METHODS:
There are five patients described in this case series. Report
followed the PROCESS guidelines.
RESULTS:
30-day mortality in this series is 2 out of 5 while actual allcause mortality is 4 out of 5. Modified Graeb scores and IVH scores
of all subjects have decreased after the intervention. However, good
functional status defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0-3
has not been achieved with the intervention. Efficacy of completely
resolving IVH and hydrocephalus has been achieved in 2 out of 5 which
translated to a benefit of survival to one of the two. Shunt dependence
has been avoided by the subjects except for the one with the caudate
intracerebral hemorrhage. Complications related to the intervention
have been noted and discussed
CONCLUSION
In this single-institution study, patients for which rtPA was
used for intraventricular fibrinolysis of IVH clot in addition to EVD as
surgical treatment for hydrocephalus resulted to a 30-day survival of 3
out of 5 in this series, while actual survival is 1 out of 5. The intervention
was efficacious in decreasing the Modified Graeb scores and IVH scores
of all study subjects at end of treatment. Functional status of mRS 5 is
the highest score achieved among survivors.
Fibrinolysis
2.Coagulation-Fibrinolysis system in acute progressive and non-progressive stroke: Preliminary study.
Key Chung PARK ; Dae Il CHANG ; Kyung Cheon CHUNG
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1997;15(3):475-480
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Fibrinoeptide-A (FpA) and D-dimer have been well known as hematologic parameters for activation of the coagulation and the endogeneous fibrinolysis system during acute phase of ischemic stroke. We measured the levels of FpA and D-dimer in acute progressive and non-progressive ischemic strokes to assess whether these markers are valuable as a predictor of stroke progression during acute phase. METHODS: FpA (RIA method) and D dimer (ELISA method) were determined in 54 patients, 9 with acute progressive and 45 with non-progressive within acute stage(< 48 hours of onset) of cerebral infarction. RESULTS: Levels of FpA in patients with acute progressive stroke were significantly higher than those in patients with non-progressive stroke, indicating activation of the coagulation system (P = 0.013). And, levels of D-dimer in patients with acute progressive stroke were also higher than those in patients with non-progressive stroke but statistically insignificant(P-0.071). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the coagulation system is more enhanced in progressive stroke than non-progressive one during acute stage of ischemic stroke. Higher levels of FpA are thought to be useful markers to predict stroke in progression.
Cerebral Infarction
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Humans
;
Stroke*
3.A Case of Spontaneous Remission of Acute Pulmonary Embolism.
Jae Joon LEE ; Min Ji LEE ; Hyo PARK ; Seok Jae ZEON ; Young Min LIM ; Sang Hee SONG ; Dong Jib NA ; Eun Jin KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2012;72(2):232-235
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) ranges from asymptomatic to often fatal, incidentally discovered emboli to massive embolism causing immediate death. Acute PE may occur rapidly and unpredictably and may be difficult to diagnose. Mortality and complications can be reduced by prompt diagnosis and therapy. Untreated PE is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 30 percents. Most patients with PE have endogenous fibrinolysis, although it is not effective enough to prevent PE. A case of spontaneous remission of untreated acute PE has not previously been reported. Here we present a case of spontaneously resolved acute PE without any treatment.
Embolism
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Humans
;
Pulmonary Embolism
;
Remission, Spontaneous
4.The Effects of Measurement Time and Blood Temperature on Thromboelastographic Parameters.
Dae Hyun KIM ; Seong Hoon KO ; Dong Chan KIM ; Sang Kyi LEE ; He Sun SONG
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2002;42(3):306-311
BACKGROUND: Thromboelastography (TEG) measures the viscoelastic properties of clotting blood, displaying a visual trace of all phases of coagulation and fibrinolysis. When performing a TEG, it is commonly recommended to store whole blood at 37oC with only a 3-6 min delay after sampling. However, it is difficult to actually keep this recommend time and temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on TEG by inadvertent technical errors due to inappropriate measurement time and temperature. METHODS: Twenty healthy male volunteers were studied. TEG measurements were performed at: stat, 4 min, and 8 min at room temperature, and 4 min and 8 min at 37 degrees C. Parameters used were: reaction time (R), clot formation time (K), maximal amplitude (MA), clot formation velocity (alpha-angle), clot lysis 60 min (LY60) and TEG index. RESULTS: When compared with the routine recommendation, 4 min lag time at 37 degrees C, R and K were shortened and alpha angle and LY60 were increased at 8 min after the sample. However, temperature differences did not significantly affect TEG parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate measurement temperature does not result in significant changes of TEG parameters, but, delayed storage resulted in a false hypercoagulation state and increased fibrinolysis.
Fibrinolysis
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Reaction Time
;
Thrombelastography
;
Volunteers
5.Clinical Marker of Platelet Hyperreactivity in Diabetes Mellitus.
Jin Hwa KIM ; Hak Yeon BAE ; Sang Yong KIM
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2013;37(6):423-428
Atherothrombotic complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Diabetes has been considered to be a prothrombotic status. Several factors contribute to the prothrombotic condition, such as increasing coagulation, impaired fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperreactivity. Among the factors that contribute to the prothrombotic status in diabetes, altered platelet function plays a crucial role. Although understanding platelet function abnormalities in diabetes still remains as a challenge, more attention should be focused on platelet function for effective management and the prediction of atherothrombotic events in diabetic patients. This review will provide an overview on the current status of knowledge of platelet function abnormalities and clinical marker of platelet hyperreactivity in patients with diabetes.
Biomarkers*
;
Blood Platelets*
;
Diabetes Mellitus*
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Humans
;
Mortality
6.Changes in Thromboelastographic Findings after Bleeding-Induced Hemodilution in Patients Undergoing Radical Hysterectomy.
Jaemin LEE ; Chul Soo PARK ; Yong Suk KIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2005;49(1):11-17
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have produced conflicting results on the influence of hemodilution on the coagulation system. Furthermore, only a few clinical studies have been conducted regarding actual blood loss and associated hemodilution. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in thromboelastograph (TEG) findings after moderate bleeding-induced hemodilution in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy. METHODS: 23 patients scheduled for radical hysterectomy were included. No patient had a preoperative coagulation abnormality or was receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. TEG findings 15 min after induction of anesthesia and after an estimated blood loss equaling 15% of the estimated blood volume were compared. Only crystalloid solution was administered until the second blood sampling for TEG analysis in order to produce a hemodilution state. RESULTS: After hemodilution R time, K time and coagulation time (r + k) showed significant reductions, and alpha angle and TEG index showed significant increases (P < 0.01), and increased coagulability. MA increased after hemodilution, but this was not statistically significant. A60 and CL60 also increased, showing decreased fibrinolysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate bleeding-induced hemodilution increased coagulability according to TEG compared to pre-hemodilution findings. We recommend that the decision to replace coagulation factors and/or platelets should not be based on empirically derived, arbitrary standards.
Anesthesia
;
Blood Coagulation Factors
;
Blood Volume
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Hemodilution*
;
Humans
;
Hysterectomy*
7.Dry Socket Etiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Treatment Techniques.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2018;44(2):52-58
Dry socket, also termed fibrinolytic osteitis or alveolar osteitis, is a complication of tooth exodontia. A dry socket lesion is a post-extraction socket that exhibits exposed bone that is not covered by a blood clot or healing epithelium and exists inside or around the perimeter of the socket or alveolus for days after the extraction procedure. This article describes dry socket lesions; reviews the basic clinical techniques of treating different manifestations of dry socket lesions; and shows how microscope level loupe magnification of 6× to 8× or greater, combined with co-axial illumination or a dental operating microscope, facilitate more precise treatment of dry socket lesions. The author examines the scientific validity of the proposed causes of dry socket lesions (such as bacteria, inflammation, fibrinolysis, or traumatic extractions) and the scientific validity of different terminologies used to describe dry socket lesions. This article also presents an alternative model of what causes dry socket lesions, based on evidence from dental literature. Although the clinical techniques for treating dry socket lesions seem empirically correct, more evidence is required to determine the causes of dry socket lesions.
Bacteria
;
Diagnosis*
;
Dry Socket*
;
Epithelium
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Inflammation
;
Lighting
;
Osteitis
;
Tooth
8.Comparison of perioperative thromboelastography between open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Eun Jung CHO ; Jaemin LEE ; Chul Soo PARK
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2010;5(4):365-371
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery may affect the coagulation system in several ways. The purpose of this study was to compare the hemostatic changes between open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery by using thromboelastography. METHODS: Forty patients who were undergoing open (n = 15) or laparoscopic (n = 25) colorectal cancer surgery were included in this prospective study. Blood samples were drawn from a forearm vein by fresh venipunctures for determining the thromboelastography (TEG) parameters at after induction of anesthesia T0, 2 hours after the beginning of surgery T1, and immediately before discharge from the recovery room T2. RESULTS: The PT-INR and aPTT did not show significant differences between laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery. There were no significant differences of the TEG parameters (R, K, MA, alpha angle, CI, LY30 and CL30) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The overall coagulation and fibrinolysis detected by TEG were not different between laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery
Anesthesia
;
Colorectal Neoplasms
;
Colorectal Surgery
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Forearm
;
Humans
;
Laparoscopy
;
Phlebotomy
;
Prospective Studies
;
Recovery Room
;
Thrombelastography
;
Veins
9.Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Fibrinous Membrane after Cataract Surgery.
Jung Il MOON ; Sung Kun CHUNG ; Yoon Won MYONG ; Sang Moon CHUNG ; Chan PARK ; Nam Ho BAEK ; Sang Wook RHEE
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 1991;32(5):328-333
We injected tPA into the anterior chamber of 43 pesudophakic eyes with moderate to severe fibrinous membrane which had developed following cataract surgery from January, 1990 to August, 1990 at St. Mary's hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Intraocular tPA injection was resulted in complete fibrinolysis within 1 hour in 38 of 43 eyes and patial fibrinolysis in 5 of 43. 2. No corneal endothelial cell loss was found, and tPA did not appear to cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure. 3. Complications of tPA injection included mild, transient, periocular pain(3 eyes), anterior chamber fibrin debris(2 eyes) and anterior chamber hemorrhage(1 eye). The results indicated that tPA is dramatically effective for the clearance of fibrinous membrane after cataract surgery.
Anterior Chamber
;
Cataract*
;
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss
;
Fibrin*
;
Fibrinolysis
;
Intraocular Pressure
;
Membranes*
;
Tissue Plasminogen Activator*
10.Clinical Effect of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Vitreous Hemorrhage.
Young Woo IM ; Jung Il MOON ; Sang Moon JUNG
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 1993;34(11):1135-1140
There has been several reports that tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) accelerated the fibrinolysis in vitreous cavity in-vivo. We investigated the efficacy of intravitreal tPA injection(25 microgram/100 microgram, 0.1 ml) for treatment of vitreous hemorrhage in non-vitrectomized patients(58 patients, 61 eyes). 1. Visual acuity was improved in 43 eyes(70.5%) and fundus was relatively well seen in 29 eyes(47.5%). 2. There were no clinical differences of intraocular pressure between before injection and the day after injection of tPA. 3, The complication of tPA injection were rebleeding(3 eyes, 4.9%) and inflammatory reaction(1 eyes, 1.6%). On these results, it appears that intravitreal tPA injection is useful for treatment of vitreous hemorrhage before vitrectomy.
Fibrinolysis
;
Humans
;
Intraocular Pressure
;
Plasminogen
;
Tissue Plasminogen Activator*
;
Visual Acuity
;
Vitrectomy
;
Vitreous Hemorrhage*