Fe (III) modified collagen fibers were used to immobilize catalase through the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde. The loading amount of catalase on the supporting matrix was 16.7 mg/g, and 35% enzymatic activity was remained. A series of experiments were conducted on free and immobilized catalase in order to investigate their optimal pH and temperature, and the thermal, storage and operation stability. Results suggest that the free and immobilized catalase prefer similar pH and temperature condition, which were pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. It should be noted that the thermal stability of catalase was considerably improved after immobilization owing to the fact that the enzyme kept 30% of relative activity after incubation at 75 degrees C for 5 h. On the contrary, the free catalase was completely inactive. As for the storage stability, the immobilized catalase kept 88% of relative activity after stored at room temperature for 12 days while the free one was completely inactive under the same conditions. Moreover, the immobilized catalase preserved 57% of relative activity after being reused 26 times, exhibiting excellent operation stability. Consequently, this investigation suggests that collagen fiber can be used as excellent supporting matrix for the immobilization of catalase, and it is potential to be used for the immobilization of similar enzymes.
Catalase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Collagen ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry

To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron.oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the nanoparticles to combine with and protect DNA was investigated at different PH values after polyMAG-1000 and DNA were combined in different ratios. The nanoparticles were tested as gene vectors with in vitro transfection models. Under the scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were about 100 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles could bind and condense DNA under acid, neutral and alkaline conditions, and they could transfer genes into cells and express green fluorescent proteins (GFP). The transfection efficiency was highest (51%) when the ratio of nanoparticles to DNA was 1:1 (v:w). In that ratio, the difference in transfection efficiency was marked depending on whether a magnetic field was present or not: about 10% when it was absent but 51% when it was present. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEI may potentially be used as gene vectors.
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ferric Compounds/*chemistry ; Ferric Compounds/metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Magnetics ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Polyethyleneimine/chemistry ; Transfection/methods

Scrubbing of NO(x) from the gas phase with Fe(II)EDTA has been shown to be highly effective. A new biological method can be used to convert NO to N(2) and regenerate the chelating agent Fe(II)EDTA for continuous NO absorption. The core of this biological regeneration is how to effectively simultaneous reduce Fe(III)EDTA and Fe(II)EDTA-NO, two mainly products in the ferrous chelate absorption solution. The biological reduction rate of Fe(III)EDTA plays a main role for the NO(x) removal efficiency. In this paper, a bacterial strain identified as Klebsiella Trevisan sp. was used to demonstrate an inhibition of Fe(III)EDTA reduction in the presence of Fe(II)EDTA-NO. The competitive inhibition experiments indicted that Fe(II)EDTA-NO inhibited not only the growth rate of the iron-reduction bacterial strain but also the Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate. Cell growth rate and Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate decreased with increasing Fe(II)EDTA-NO concentration in the solution.
Adsorption ; Chelating Agents ; metabolism ; Edetic Acid ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Ferric Compounds ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Iron ; metabolism ; Klebsiella ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Nitrogen Oxides ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of magnetic iron nanoparticles ( Fe₃O₄- MNP) in combination with arsenic trioxide and adriamycin on apoptosis and autophagy of Raji cells, a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell line.

METHODSThe growth inhibition rate of Raji cells was analyzed by MTT assay, the cells apoptosis and intracellular concentration of ADM were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as BCL-2, NFκB, Survivin, BAX, P53, and Caspase-3, and related to autophagy-proteins, such as LC3, Beclin-1, and P62/SQSTM1 were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSThe growth inhibition of Raji cells in the group of ADM + As₂O₃were higher than that in the group of ADM or As₂O₃alone, however, lower than that in the group of Fe₃O₄- MNP combined with ADM and As₂O₃(ADM+As₂O₃+ MNP) (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate and accumulation of intracellular ADM in the group of Fe₃O₄- MNP combined with ADM and As₂O₃were significantly higher than those in control, ADM, As₂O₃, and ADM plus As₂O₃groups (P < 0.05). The upregulation of BAX, P53 and Caspase-3 expression and the down regulation of BCL-2, NFκB, and Survivin expression at protein level were more remarkable in the group of ADM+As₂O₃ + MNP, compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 proteins in the group of ADM+As₂O₃+ MNP were higher, while the expression of P62/SQSTM1 was lower than that in other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Fe3O4 - MNP combined with ADM and As₂O₃can increase the antitumor efficacy on Raji cells by promoting apoptosis and inducing autophagy. It would be a promising strategy for malignant lymphoma therapy.

Apoptosis ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Ferric Compounds ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Nanoparticles ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; Oxides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of NaFeEDTA on hemoglobin level in iron deficient population.

METHODSComprehensive literature retrieval was performed via searching electronic databases, hand searching bibliographies of books and relevant journals, collecting grey literatures, looking into conference abstracts, contacting fields experts and reviewing references and citations. Criteria from Cochrane EPOC review group were used to assess the quality of included studies. Generic inverse variance method was used to undertake meta-analysis.

RESULTSThe pooled estimate for hemoglobin level (weighted mean difference) was 12.14 g/L (95% CI: 5.60-18.69; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that lower baseline hemoglobin level and higher dose for intervention were associated to greater increase in hemoglobin level.

CONCLUSIONThis systematic review indicated that NaFeEDTA improved hemoglobin significantly in iron deficient population.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Edetic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Ferric Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Iron Chelating Agents ; therapeutic use

To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron.oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the nanoparticles to combine with and protect DNA was investigated at different PH values after polyMAG-1000 and DNA were combined in different ratios. The nanoparticles were tested as gene vectors with in vitro transfection models. Under the scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were about 100 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles could bind and condense DNA under acid, neutral and alkaline conditions, and they could transfer genes into cells and express green fluorescent proteins (GFP). The transfection efficiency was highest (51%) when the ratio of nanoparticles to DNA was 1:1 (v:w). In that ratio, the difference in transfection efficiency was marked depending on whether a magnetic field was present or not: about 10% when it was absent but 51% when it was present. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEI may potentially be used as gene vectors.
Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Transfection ; methods

Free Cy5.5 dye and Cy5.5-labeled thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) have been routinely used for in vivo optical imaging. However, there is little information about the distribution and accumulation of free Cy5.5 dye and Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION in the tissues of mice. Free Cy5.5 dye (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION (15 mg/kg body weight) were intravenously injected into the tail vein of ICR mice. The biodistribution and accumulation of the TCL-SPION and Cy5.5 were observed by ex vivo optical imaging and fluorescence signal generation at various time points over 28 days. Cy5.5 dye fluorescence in various organs was rapidly eliminated from 0.5 to 24 h post-injection. Fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5 dye in the liver, lung, kidney, and stomach was fairly strong at the early time points within 1 day post-injection. Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION had the highest fluorescence density in the lung at 0.5 h post-injection and decreased rapidly over time. Fluorescence density in liver and spleen was maintained over 28 days. These results suggest that TCL-SPION can be useful as a carrier of therapeutic reagents to treat diseases by persisting for long periods of time in the body.
Animals ; Carbocyanines/*pharmacology ; Ferric Compounds/*pharmacology ; Fluorescent Dyes/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo investigate the in vitro effect of iron overload on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of bone marrow (BM) cell function.

METHODSBM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were cultured with ferric citrate (FAC) at different concentrations and for different time to create iron overload and confirmed by the detection of cellular labile iron pool (LIP). The changes of ROS, apoptosis, hematopoietic colony formation (CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-mix) and the percentage of the CD34 + cells percentage were analyzed. The differences of these index were tested after the iron overload treated with deferasirox (DFO) or antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC).

RESULTS1) When BMMNCs were cultured with FAC, the LIP was found to increase in a time and concentration dependent manner. The intracellular LIP reached maximum at 400 micromol/L of FAC for 24 hours. 2) The ROS of total cells, leukocytes and erythrocytes increased to 1.77, 1.75 and 2.12 fold respectively compared with that of normal control when cells were cultured at 400 micromol/L of FAC for 24 hours . DFO and NAC could reduce the ROS efficiently (P<0.05). 3) The apoptotic rates of the FAC treated cells [(24.80 +/- 2.99)%] increased significantly compared with that of normal control [(8.90 +/- 0.96)%]. The capacity of hematopoietic colony formation in FAC treated cells decreased markedly compared with that of normal control (P<0.05). The percentage of CD34+ cells of FAC treated cells [(0.39 +/- 0.07)%] also decreased significantly compared with that of normal control [(0.91 +/- 0.12)%]. And these changes could be recovered by addition of NAC or DFO.

CONCLUSIONIron overload can affect the hematopoiesis by inducing the generation of ROS and this damage could be corrected by removing the excess iron and ROS of the BM cells. These findings might improve the treatment of dyshematopoiesis in patients with iron overload.

Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Erythrocytes ; Ferric Compounds ; pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of iron on the vasodilating effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the isolated aortic ring.

METHODSIsometric tension was recorded in response to drugs in organ bath. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was added to the bath 30 min before phenylephrine (1 micromol/L), which was followed by IL-2 in a cumulative fashion. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the thoracic aorta.

RESULTSFAC (0.1 - 10 micromol/L) alone did not affect the tension of rings,but inhibited the vasodilating effect of IL-2 (1 - 1,000 U/ml) in a dose dependent manner. IL-2(1, 10, 100, 1000 U/ml) decreased the aortic tension to (78.47+/-4.31)%, (66.86+/-5.55)%, (52.62+/-4.51)% and (42.39+/-4.27)% of pre-drug control, respectively. However, after incubation with 10 micromol/L FAC in the presence of IL-2, the aortic tension was reduced to (89.81+/-1.94)%, (86.13+/-3.11)%, (77.16+/-5.66)% and (68.76+/-5.69)% of pre-drug control, respectively. Pretreatment with L-arginine (1 mmol/L) abolished the inhibitory effect of FAC. Pretreatment with FAC attenuated the increased activity of NOS induced by IL-2 from (22.10+/-1.87)U/mg prot to (15.71+/-0.89)U/mg prot. High Ca(2+) (2.5 mmol/L) incubation did not change the inhibitory effect of FAC. Pretreatment with FAC attenuated the increased caffeine-releasable pool of Ca(2+) by IL-2. High K(+) (10 mmol/L) incubation abolished the inhibitory effect of FAC.

CONCLUSIONFAC inhibits the vasodilating effect of IL-2 in the isolated aortic ring,which may be mediated by decreasing the activity of NOS. Intracellular calcium release and inward rectifier potassium channel are involved in the inhibitory effect of FAC.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Ferric Compounds ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Potassium ; pharmacology ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

Bio-active components from Carthamus tinctorius were separated on the basis of antioxidant capacities in vitro. The antioxidant capacity was investigated on the basis of the ability to scavenge DPPH radical, ABTS radical and reduce Fe3+ of different polar fractions. Furthermore, the chemical compounds were isolated from bio-active fraction, and were evaluated for the antioxidative effects. Five major components were isolated and identified from water extract as 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside(1), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside-6-O-β-D-glucoside (2), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), hydroxysafflor yellow A (4) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (5). By evaluating and comparing the antioxidative effects of different fractions and obtained compounds, the results showed that water extract displayed significantly high antioxidative activities and 6-hydroxykaempferol glycosides and quinochalcone C-glycosides were found as main contribution for antioxidant property.
Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Ferric Compounds ; metabolism ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Kaempferols ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinones ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Sulfonic Acids ; metabolism ; Water ; chemistry