Fe (III) modified collagen fibers were used to immobilize catalase through the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde. The loading amount of catalase on the supporting matrix was 16.7 mg/g, and 35% enzymatic activity was remained. A series of experiments were conducted on free and immobilized catalase in order to investigate their optimal pH and temperature, and the thermal, storage and operation stability. Results suggest that the free and immobilized catalase prefer similar pH and temperature condition, which were pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. It should be noted that the thermal stability of catalase was considerably improved after immobilization owing to the fact that the enzyme kept 30% of relative activity after incubation at 75 degrees C for 5 h. On the contrary, the free catalase was completely inactive. As for the storage stability, the immobilized catalase kept 88% of relative activity after stored at room temperature for 12 days while the free one was completely inactive under the same conditions. Moreover, the immobilized catalase preserved 57% of relative activity after being reused 26 times, exhibiting excellent operation stability. Consequently, this investigation suggests that collagen fiber can be used as excellent supporting matrix for the immobilization of catalase, and it is potential to be used for the immobilization of similar enzymes.
Catalase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Collagen ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry

Thermogravimetry (TG), TG-MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were adopted to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of calamina. According to the findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies on the changes in the content of relevant elements, the whole shape, the functional groups, and the volatile components of calamina before and after being pyrolyzed, the 200-360, 580-750 degrees C were two sensitive temperature ranges related to the changes in effective component during calamina processing. Thermal weight loss was observed for ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3-2Zn(OH)2-H2O under 200-360 degrees C and for CaCO3 under 580-750 degrees C. The results of studies on chemical reaction kinetics showed good linear relations. This experiment integrated relevant methods and theories of physical chemistry and science of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and interpretes calamina processing techniques and mechanism, in order to provide a good example for modem studies on other traditional Chinese medicine processing.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Fe2O3 and CeO2 as colorants on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia poly-crystals (Y-TZP) powder.

METHODSThe spray granulation slurry of colored zirconia was prepared with different concentrations of Fe2O3 (0.15%) and CeO2 (4%), which were added in Y-TZP. Zirconia powder was made by spray granulation. The powder specimens were divided into three groups: uncolored zirconia, Fe2O3 (0.15%) zirconia, and CeO2 (4%) zirconia. The particle morphologies of the powder specimens were measured with a laser particle size analyzer and an optical microscope.

RESULTSThe differences in D50 among the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Group Fe2O3 showed a significant difference from groups CeO2 and uncolored zirconia (P<0.05). Group uncolored zirconia showed no significant difference from group CeO2 (P>0.05). Mostly spherical powder was observed in the three groups.

CONCLUSIONFe2O3 as a colorant can affect particles, whereas CeO2 has no effect.

Color ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Ferric Compounds ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Yttrium ; chemistry ; Zirconium ; chemistry

This paper provides a brief overview of the current research activities which focused on the bio-application of gold magnetic nanocomposite particles. By combining the magnetic characteristics of the iron oxide core with the unique features of nano-gold particles such as targeting by surface modification and optical properties, such composite nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in cancer hyperthermia, CT and MRI imaging, bio-separation, bio sensors, gene diagnosis, drug targeting and many other biomedical fields.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Gold ; chemistry ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Nanocomposites ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Neoplasms

With the sulfate as the materials and NaOH as precipitator, Mn(0.4)Zn(0.6)Fe2O4 nanoparticles were produced, which are proved to be spinel Mn-Zn ferrite analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD). Their shapes are approximately global examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and their average diameter is 50 nm measured with image analysis-system. The Curie temperature was measured and in vitro heating test in a alternating magnetic field was carried out. The results show that the Curie temperature is 105. 407 degrees C, While its magnetic fluid could rise to 43 degrees C - 47 degrees C due to different concentration in a alternating magnetic field. The result provide theoretical and practical evidence to select an appropriate material and concentration for tumor
Electromagnetic Fields ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; instrumentation ; Manganese Compounds ; chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Zinc Compounds ; chemistry

To research on the effect of three different magnetic nanoparticles upon relaxation time of proton. The detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates that there is the effect of marked difference to right control experiment and to analyze the difference from theory. The result discloses that will be able to perform the experiment of molecular recognition using magnetic nanoparticles later.
Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Magnetics ; Nanoparticles ; Protons

Aqueous dispersion and stability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles remain an issue unresolved since aggregation of naked iron nanoparticles in water. In this study, we successfully synthesized different Fe3O4 super-paramagnetic nanoparticles which were modified by three kinds of materials [DSPE-MPEG2000, TiO2 and poly acrylic acid (PAA)] and further detected their characteristics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly showed sizes and morphology of the four kinds of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved successfully coating of the three kinds of nanoparticles and their structures were maintained. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) verified that their magnetic properties fitted for the super-paramagnetic function. More importantly, the particle size analysis indicated that Fe3O4@PAA had a better size distribution, biocompatibility, stability and dispersion than the other two kinds of nanoparticles. In addition, using CNE2 cells as a model, we found that all nanoparticles were nontoxic. Taken together, our data suggest that Fe3O4@PAA nanoaparticles are superior in the application of biomedical field among the four kinds of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the future.
Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Surface Properties ; Water ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to analyze the processing mechanism of calamine.

METHODXRD, TEM and IR were adopted to analyze the structures and the components of original and calcined calamine. Their antibacterial activities were also determined.

RESULTThe results indicated that zinc carbonate in original calamine was decomposed into zinc oxide after processing at 700 degrees C for 1 hour using original calamine of 40 mesh, and the particle size was smaller than before processing. All of ZnO, ZnCO3 and Zn5 (CO3) 2 (OH) 6 had antibacterial activitives.

CONCLUSIONOriginal calamine is deposed to ZnO after being calcined for 1 h at 700 degrees C and wet milling. The content of ZnO and antibacterial activity of calcined calamine are better than those of original calamine, moreover, the particle size diminishes and become dimensional uniformity, and the contents of dissolved impurities is decreased. The antibacterial activitives of original and calcined calamine are decided by zinc.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Particle Size ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Bentonite is a kind of natural clay with good exchanging ability. By exchanging its interlamellar cations with various soluble cations, such as quaternary ammonium cations and inorganic metal ions, the properties of natural bentonite can be greatly improved. In this study, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA), CaCl(2), MgCl(2), FeCl(3), AlCl(3) were used as organic and inorganic pillared materials respectively to produce several kinds of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, Al-organo pillared bentonites. Sorption of reactive red X-3B on them was studied to determine their potential application as sorbents in wastewater treatment. The results showed that these pillared bentonites had much improved sorption properties, and that the dye solutions' pH value had some effect on the performance of these inorgano-organo pillared bentonites. Isotherms of reactive X-3B on these pillared bentonites suggested a Langmuir-type sorption mechanism.
Aluminum Compounds ; chemistry ; Bentonite ; chemistry ; Calcium Chloride ; chemistry ; Cations ; Cetrimonium Compounds ; chemistry ; Chlorides ; chemistry ; Coloring Agents ; chemistry ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium Chloride ; chemistry ; Naphthalenes ; chemistry ; Triazines ; chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biocompatibility of polyurethane-BaFe(12)O(19) magnetic composite microsphere as a new endovascular embolization material.

METHODSThe biocompatibility of BaFe(12)O(19) particle was evaluated in vitro using Ames test, cell toxicity test, acute and subacute systemic toxicity test, hemolysis test, bleeding time and clotting time test and blood clotting function assay.

RESULTSAmes test showed that the MR values of this particle leaching solution were all less than 2 without mutagenicity. Cell toxicity test showed that leaching solution at different concentrations had grade I toxicity on L929 cells. Acute and subacute systemic toxicity test showed that the experimental animals had good general condition without obvious pathological abnormality. The hemolysis rate of experimental group was 2.43%, which met the ISO standard (no more than 5%). The bleeding time and clotting time in mice were comparable between the experimental group and control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in blood clotting function between experimental group and control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe material has no obvious toxicity or mutagenicity, and does not cause hemolysis or hemopexis or affect the bleeding time and clotting time. Polyurethane-BaFe(12)O( 19) particle possesses satisfactory biocompatibility.

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Microspheres ; Polyurethanes ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests