Objective To investigate the expression of neuronal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and its significance after cerebral isehemia reperfusion in diabetic rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, normal glucose with cerebral ischemia and diabetes with cerebral ischemia groups. Each group was redivided into ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h subgroups according to the different time points of ischemia reperfusion (n = 6 in each subgroup). Streptozocin was used to induce diabetes, and a global cerebral ischemia model of diabetic rat was established by the bilateral vascular occlusion combining with bloodletting, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to observe neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hippocampal CA4 region. Results The incidences of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA4 region for ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0. 05); the expressions of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at all time points in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were higher, and reperfusion 1 and 3 h were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0.01). Conclusions ERK1/2 might involved in the mechanism of neuronal injury after diabetes aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To explore the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetic rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Diabetic rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) and then global cerebral ischemia model was induced by bilateral clamping of the carotid arterial plus hypotension by withdrawing blood. Apoptosis of neuron and expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2)were observed in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetes operation groups (DCI) and normoglycemia operation groups (NCI) by TUNEL,immunohistochemistry at 15 min after ischemia and at 1 h after reperfusion. Results Compare with the NCI,neuronal apoptosis of DCI was significantly higher at each time point of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the hippocampus CA4 (P

Observation revealed the abnormalities (increased CD 4 and Th, decreased Tc) in patients of Graves′ disease, and these abnormalities were not significantly adjusted after 6 weeks of treatment with methimazole (MMI), or with MMI and methotrexate (MTX), though the soluble interleukin-2 receptor and thyroid autoantibodies slightly decreased in both groups. However, the addition of MTX did not show any better effects than MMI alone in the treatment.

Objective To establish a method of gas chromatography with head-space sampling for determination of five residual solvents ( acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, dichloromethane, acetonitrile ) in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride. Methods Agilent DB-624 capillary column(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0 μm)was used,with FID served as detector and DMF as the solvent. Results Linear relationships were obtained for the 5 residual solvents in their respective concentration ranges ( r=0.999 6-0.999 9,n=5) ,and the detection range was from 0.071 to 0.847μg. The stabilities measured as relative standard deviations ( RSD) for the 5 residual solvents were from 0.40% to 2.12% ( n=3) . The average recovery rates were 99.03% to 103.33%,and RSD were 0.54% to 3.41% ( n=3) . Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the residual solvent analysis in raw material drug of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Qigong pills decoction combined with chemical drugs on hormone levels of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)patients complicated with infertility. METHODS:A total of 98 PCOS patients complicated with infertility selected from gynaecology department of our hospital during Jul. 2015-Jun. 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 49 cases in each group. Control group was given Clomiphene ci-trate tablet 50 mg orally,qd,for consecutive 5 d;B-ultrasonography for follicle development was monitored at the 11th day of menstruation,and then they were given Chorionic Gonadotropin for injection 2000 U intramuscularly,qod,if there was not domi-nant follicle >10 mm till the diameter of follicle reached 18 mm. Observation group was additionally given one dose of Qigong pills decoction,every day 400 mL after decocted with water,each 200 mL for morning and night,on the basis of control group. After 3 months of treatment,the levels of FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T,DHEA-S and SHBG,the endometrial thickness,the number of mature follicle and pregnancy rate were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical signifi-cance in the levels of FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T,DHEA-S or SHBG between 2 groups(P>0.05). 3 months after treatment,the lev-els of PRL,T and DHEA-S in 2 groups were decreased and E2,SHBG were increased significantly;the levels of FSH,PRL,T and DHEA-S in observation group were significantly lower than control group,while the levels of E2 and SHBG were significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Endometrial thickness of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group;pregnancy rate (18.37%) was significantly higher than control group (4.08%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Qigong pills decoction combined with chemical drugs can help to improve pregnancy rate and regulate serum hormone level in the treatment of PCOS complicated with infertility.

Objective To observe the application of allopurinol in the treatment of gouty nephropathy, and evaluate its clinical effect on the level of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen. Methods Patients with gouty nephropathy from April 2015 to May 2017 in Xining first people's hospital 126 patients as the research object, divided into observation group and control group of 63 cases with double blind random method, given the reference group of patients basic treatment, the observation group treated with allopurinol in the reference group on the basis, effects were compared between the two groups the clinical therapeutic effect and serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, blood pressure level. Results After 12 months of therapy, compared two groups of patients before treatment, serum uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) were improved, and the observation group was obviously better than that of control group (P<0.05); the observation group total efficiency of treatment group was 88.89％ (56/63), the reference group was 74.60％ (47/63), with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Allopurinol can be used in the treatment of gouty nephropathy. It can help to improve the clinical effect and improve the clinical symptoms of the patients. It is of practical value.

Aim To explore the effect of miRNA-143 ( miR-1 4 3 ) on homocysteine ( Hcy ) induced-vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs ) proliferation and the mechanism .Methods VSMCs were cultured and in-cubated with Hcy by using primary cultured method . Then, cells were treated with different concentrations of Hcy and folate .VSMCs proliferation was determined with MTT assay , miR-143 was measured by qRT-PCR, and methylation of miR-143 was determined with meth-ylated PCR.Results After cells were treated with dif-ferent concentrations of Hcy , the proliferation of VSMCs was significantly increased , mRNA expression of miR-143 was decreased and methylation of miR-143 was increased .The proliferation of VSMCs was signifi-cantly decreased when transfected VSMCs with miR-143 precursor , and cell proliferation was increased by using miR-143 inhibitor transfection .Conclusion Hy-pomethylation of miR-143 may inhibit VSMCs prolifera-tion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit α(PIK3CA) expression and the incidence and different pathological grade of gastric cancer, and the mechanism thereof. Meth-ods The expressions of PIK3CA, serine/threonine protein kinase (pAkt) and cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen (ki-67) in gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues and normal gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method. The relationship between expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 and tumorigenesis was analyzed. The expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 in different pathological conditions of gastric tissues were analyzed. The relationship between tu-mor pathologic classification and differentiation were analyzed too. Results There were significantly higher expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 in gastric cancer (P＜0.05), which were the highest in the poorly differentiated gastric adenocarci-noma (P＜0.05). There were a positive correlation between expressions of PIK3CA, pAkt and ki-67 and different pathologi-cal levels of gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues and normal gastric tissues (P＜0.05). Conclusion PIK3CA may be the initiating factor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which induced phosphorylation of Akt and activation PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

ObjectiveTo discuss the expression of tumor shift suppressor gene KAI1,matrix metal proteinase 9 (MMP-9) in endometriosis sickness in dystopia internal membrane and its significance.MethodsIn 53 patients and 30 healthy controls,the expression of KAI1,MMP-9 in the endometriosis was detected with immunohistochemistry SP method,and the relationship was analyzed.ResultsKAI1 had low expression in EMS patients,while MMP-9 was highly expressed.In the control group,KAI1 was highly expressed while MMP-9 lowly expressed,and the differences between two groups were remarkably significant (P ＜0.05).KAI1 and the MMP-9 expression showed negative correlation between two groups.Conclusions KAI1 and MMP-9 was negatively expressed in EMS,which may play a role in the EMS prognosis.KAI1 and MMP-9 may be served as the prognosis and monitor markers for EMS.

Background It is well known that diabetic retinopathy(DR) involves in complex pathogenesis.Worse outcome of brain ischemia with hyperglycemia is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK).However,the effect of phosphorylation of MAPK signal pathway on DR needs further investigation.Objective This study was to explore the the possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(ERK1/2)in DR.Methods Sixty SPF SD rats aged 8-weeks were grouped into the control group and diabetes group.Diabetic models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) dissolved in citric acid buffer.Blood glucose level was more than 16.7 mmol/L were used as the diabetic group.The equivalent amount of citric acid buffer was injected in the same way in the rats of the control group.The rats were sacrificed and retinas were isolated in 4 weeks and 12 weeks after modeling.The morphology of rat retinas was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The relative expression levels of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(absorption,A value) in rat retinas were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Blood glucose levels of rats were significantly higher than those in the diabetic group compared with the control group at both 4 and 12 weeks after modeling(t=14.174,13.771,both at P＜0.05).In addition,the body weight was significantly lower and the drinking was much more in the rats of the diabetic group in comparison with the control group in 12 weeks(t=8.670,18.725,both at P＜0.05).Twelve weeks after modeling,the decrease of retinal thickness,swelling of outer plexiform layer and decline of number of retinal ganglion cells,rods and cones were seen under the optical microscope.The relative expression levels of GFAP in the retinas were 3 197.1 ±13.1 and 7 202.0±56.8 in the diabetic group at the 4 and 12 weeks,which were significantly higher than those in the control group (2 152.8 ± 16.1 and 2 337.0±8.6) (t =6.327,16.417,both at P＜0.05).In 12 weeks after modeling,the relative expression level of phosphorylated-ERK 1/2 was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group (2 850.6±2.4 versus 1 274.6± 1.3),showing a significant difference between them (t =12.771,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway is involved in the STZ-induced DR through mediating the activation of Müller cells and inducing the apoptosis of photoreceptor and ganglione cells.