Objective To explore the efficiency of continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) and blood glucose self-monitoring (SMBG)in evaluating blood glucose excursion in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complicated with pregnancy. Methods Twenty-five patients having suffered from T1DM complicated with pregnancy were selected randomly during June 2012 to July 2015. All subjects underwent blood glucose monitoring by CGMS and SMBG for 72 h, including the data of blood glucose before meal, 2 h post-meal blood glucose (2hBG) and blood glucose at 2:00 AM. Results The level of the highest blood glucose in CGMS was significantly higher than that in SMBG:(10.60 ± 2.11) mmol/L vs. (7.50 ± 1.18) mmol/L, P<0.01. The level of the lowest blood glucose in CGMS was significantly lower than that in SMBG:(3.60 ± 1.06) mmol/L vs. (4.50 ± 1.15) mmol/L, P<0.01. The level of mean blood glucose in CGMS and SMBG had no significant difference:(7.20 ± 1.18) mmol/L vs. (7.30 ± 1.15) mmol/L, P>0.05. The rate of hypoglycemia(blood glucose<3.3 mmol/L) in CGMS was 4.6%, and in SMBG was 1.9%. Through adjusting the treatment by CGMS, the blood glucose before meal, 2hBG and blood glucose at 2:00 AM at 49-72 h were significantly lower than that at 0-24 h (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with SMBG, CGMS has a relatively larger blood glucose monitoring range and can sensitively evaluate blood glucose excursion, CGMS provides a scientific basis to develop a more rational and effective strategies for controlling diabetes.

Objective To investigate the role ofglutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody(GAD-Ab)and protein tyrosine phosphatase autoantibody(IA-2A) in postpartum follow-up of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsGAD-Ab,IA-2A,insulin and glucose metabolism index were measured in 82subjects with normal glucose tolerance (control group) and 84 patients with GDM(GDM group) during 24 to 28 weeks in pregnancy,postpartum 6 to 12 weeks and 2 years.GDM group was divided into antibodies positive group (GAD-Ah or IA-2A were positive) with 18 cases and antibodies negative group (GAD-Ab and IA-2A was negative) with 66 cases.Results Homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in GDM group was higher than that in control group (3.87 ± 2.17 vs.2.31 ± 0.52,P ＜ 0.05 ).Homeostasis β -cell function index (HBCI) and 30 min net increment of insulin/30 min net increment of glucose ( △ I30/△ G30) in GDM group were lower than those in control group[206.38 ± 138.06 vs.422.43 ± 228.93 and (20.16 ±11.38) mU/mmol vs.(26.54 ±24.30) mU/mmol,P ＜0.05].The numbers who had the family history of diabetes mellitus and the used of insulin for treatment in antibodies positive group were higher than those in antibodies negative group[ 83.3％ (15/18) vs.28.8％ (19/66) and 77.8％ ( 14/18 ) vs.30.3％ (20/66) ],HOMA-IR,△ I30/ △ G30 and HBCI in antibodies positive group were lower than those in antibodies negative group [3.20±0.84 vs.4.02±0.36,(16.81 ±2.91) mU/mmol vs.(21.55± 11.11) mU/mmol and 124.95 ± 5.03 vs.217.43 ± 115.64,P＜ 0.01 ].Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 hours postprandial glucose (2hPG)and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in antibodies positive group were higher than those in antibodies negative group during postpartum 6 to 12 weeks and 2 years [postpartum 6 to 12 weeks: (8.20 ±3.11)mmol/L vs.(5.39 ±0.76) mmol/L,(15.22 ±7.29) mmol/L vs.(8.15 ± 1.93) mmol/L,(7.26 ± 1.04)％ vs.(5.88 ±0.41)％ ;postpartum 2 years: (8.91 ±2.80) mmol/L vs.(4.93 ±0.66) mmol/L,(15.75 ±7.87)mmol/L vs.(7.85 ± 1.79) mtmol/L,(7.18 ± 1.22)％ vs.(5.64 ± 0.32 )％,P ＜ 0.01].△ I30/ △ G30 and HBCI were significantly decreased in antibodies positive group postpartum 2 years.No change of the above parameters in antibodies negative group was found.The occurrence rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was 16.7％(3/18) and 33.3％(6/18) postpartum 6 to 12 weeks and 2 years in antibodies positive group,there was no T1DM in antibodies negative group.ConclusionsWomen with GDM are partly associated with T1DM.Requiring insulin therapy during pregnancy and GAD-Ab or IA-2A positive have considerable risk for developing T1DM.It is also an important predictor to GDM after parturition.

The results of different interventions administered in 118 cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) for 3 years were investigated. The rates of transformation of IFG to diabetes mellitus in metformin treatment groups and rosiglitazone treatment groups were significantly lower than that in life style intervention group. This study suggested that metformin or rosiglitazone treatment could effectively reduce transformation of IFG to diabetes as compared with life style intervention.

OBJECTIVETo identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women and to study the contribution of family history of type-2 diabetes to the risk for DDM.

METHODSA case-control study was performed in 85 women with GDM and 177 cases controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and log-linear model were used to identify risk factors of GDM.

RESULTSMultivariate logistic regression showed that obesity before pregnancy, family history of type-2 diabetes, birth weight of pregnant women, age, fasting plasma level of triglyceride, physical inactivity, etc. all were risk factors for GDM. Analysis with log-linear model showed that parents' (father's or mother's) history of type-2 diabetes associated with GDM, with P-values of 0.012 and 0.017, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes in the mothers of proband with GDM was 9.41%, as compared with that in the fathers of proband with GDM 8.24%, with no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSObesity before gestation, family history of type-2 diabetes, low birth weight of mother, age, increased fasting plasma level of triglyceride, as well as parents' history of type-2 diabetes, all were risk factors for GDM. Physical exercise was found to be a protective factor for GDM. Mother's history of type-2 diabetes did not differ from father's in contributing to the onset of GDM in their offspring.

Adult ; Birth Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; Diabetes, Gestational ; etiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Obesity ; complications ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood