Coronary stenting played an increasingly important role in the interventional treatment of coronary artery disease. However, in-stent restenosis is one of the major causes that limited the development of the technology. As the mechanism of in-stent restenosis became more and more clear, studies on the prevention of in-stent restenosis became increasingly active, and had gained remarkable achievements. The latest research indicates that drug-eluting stents had more unique application value in the prevention of restenosis, as compared with uncoated coronary stents. Drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the incidence of restenosis, and had broad prospects for application, but long-term treatment outcome required further observation.

This paper presents the determination results of 14 macro and trace elements, such as Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Al, Br, Fe, Co, Zu, Se, Mn, Cr and Rb, in breast milk, cow's milk and milk powder by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A preliminary discussion about the data is given.

Objective: To study the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) in human macrophages and the effect of CaR on macrophages converting to foam cells with its mechanism. Methods: Human macrophages were treated with ox-LDL (100 mg/L) for 48 h to induce foam cell formation, the experimental foam cells were cultured in 3 groups for 48 h respectively. Blank control group, Foam cell + CaR agonists (Agonists) group and Foam cell + CaR inhibitor (Inhibitor) group. The CaR expression in macrophages was measured by immuno-fluorescence and Western blot analysis. The positive foam cell formation was detected by oil red O staining, the intracellular cholesterol metabolism in foam cell was observed by HPLC, the inlfammatory cytokine secretion in foam cell culture supernatant was examined by ELISA, the protein expressions of CD36 and acyl-coA: cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT-1) in foam cells was measured by Western blot analysis. Results: Immuno-lfuorescence and Western blot indicated CaR is expressed in human macrophages. Compared with Control group, Oil Red O staining and HPLC showed that Agonists group had less positive foam cell formation, decreased CE, FC , TC, and Inhibitor group had more positive foam cell formation, increased CE, FC, TC, allP<0.05; ELISA presented that Agonists group had decreased TNF-α, MIF, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and Inhibitor group had increased TNF-α, MIF, decreased IL-10, allP<0.05; Western blot analysis indicated that Agonists group had decreased protein expressions of CD36, ACAT-1 in foam cells, and Inhibitor group had increased protein expressions of CD36 and ACAT-1. Conclusion: CaR is expressed in human macrophages, the higher CaR expression may inhibit macrophages converting to foam cells.

AIM: To study the effect of p19ARF on the biological behavior of human leukemia cells. METHODS: p19ARF was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 and transferred into INK4a/ARF locus-deficient leukemia cells HEL and K562. The changes in biological characteristics of the two p19ARF-transfected cells were observed. RESULTS: The growth of the p19ARF-transfected HEL cells was significantly inhibited compared with the vector-transfected cells; Cell cycle analysis showed that the expression of foreign p19ARF gene resulted in G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis cell death in some of HEL cells. However, p19ARF had no marked effects on the growth of K562 cells with p53 gene mutation and did not induce apoptosis in K562 cells. CONCLUSION: p19ARF suppressed the growth of leukemia cells by p53 -dependent pathway.

AIM: To study the action of Yuyang Powder(Herba Swertiae, Corium Elephantis, Rhizoma Bletillae, etc.) on the experimental gastric ulcer. METHODS: The rat gastric ulcer models were induced by burned acetic acid, irritabillity stimulus, ethanol injure gastric mucosa and pyloric ligation, respectively. The ulcer was obsered and the content of gastric juice, gastric acidity and pepsin were measured. RESULTS: Yuyang Powder could significantly reduce the areas of ulcers, restrain gastric ulcer, promote gastric ulcer heal, reduce gastric juice volume, restrain gastric secretion (in pyloric ligation). CONCLUSION: Yuyang Powder has the preventive and therapeutic in gastric ulcer.

The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) specifically inhibits the replication of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) and Sindbis virus (SIN), but has very modest inhibitory effect on HIV. Previous studies suggest that ZAP directly binds to the viral RNA and recruit the RNA degradation machinery to degrade the target RNA. The HIV-1 Tat and Rev are regulatory proteins which bind to HIV RNA. Tat and Rev were fused with ZAP in various manners. Two fusion proteins, ZAP-Tat and ZAP-Rev were found to be able to inhibit the expression HIV-1 vector.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are characterized by rapid amplification and wide differentiation.Thus, to establish in vitro BMSC induction models contributes to the study of tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of inducing the differentiation of rat BMSCs into cardiomyocytes by 5-azacitidine in vitro.OESING, TIME AND SETTING: The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory of First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University from June 2005 to June 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 20 Sprague Dawley rats were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, Liaoning Medical University.5-azacitidine (Sigma, USA) was used.MHEHODS: Following anesthesia, the rats were used to isolate the femur and tibia. BMSCs were isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow method + adherent method. When 90% BMSCs were confluence, BMSCs were passaged. BMSCs at the third passage were incubated in a 24-well plate at 2×10~4/well, with 5,10, 15, 20 μmol/L 5-azacitidine. Simultaneously, a blank control group (without inductor) was set. Following 24 hours of induction, BMSCs were incubated in normal medium for 3 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were measured: cell appearance and growth curve, morphological changes following induction, and expression of connexin-43 and a-striated muscle actin.RESULTS: Cultured BMSCs were spindle-shape, with some cell confluence. P3 cells following incubation entered static phase at 1 and 2 days, and entered logarithmic phase at 3 days, reached a peak at 9 days, and then entered platform stage. Cell number became decreased at 12 days. Following induction of 5 μmol/L 5-azacitidine, no significant difference was found in BMSCs.Following induction of 10 μmol/L 5-azacitidine, BMSCs became long and big, extended towards a direction, with the property of myotube formation cells. Following induction of 15 umol/L 5-azacitidine, a few cells survived surrounding the 24-well plate.Following induction of 20 μmol/L 5-azacitidine, cells died. Following induction of 10 μmol/L 5-azacitidine for 3 weeks, expression of connexin-43 and a-striated muscle actin was determined in BMSCs. However, a negative expression was detected in the blank control group.CONCLUSION: BMSCs cannot differentiate into cardiomyocytes by itself. Following in vitro induction, BMSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Low-dose 5-azacitidine concentration cannot induce the differentiation, but high-dose 5-azacitidine concentration will induce death in a large number of cells. Thus, 10 μmol/L is an optimal concentration.

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric effects of target volume delineation with metal clip and seroma,alone or in combination,on external-beam partial breast irradiation (EB-PBI) based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT).Methods Twenty female patients undergoing EB-PBI from 2009 to 2013 were enrolled as subjects.The gross tumor volumes (GTVs),GTVC,GTVS,and GTVC+S,were delineated on 4DCT images at 10 phases using metal clip,seroma,and both of them,respectively.The GTVS on 4DCT images at 10 phases were fused to generate the internal gross tumor volumes (IGTVS),IGTVC,IGTVS,and IGTVC+S.The planning target volumes (PTVS),PTVC,PTVS,and PTVC+S,were obtained via expansion of margin by 15 mm.The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans were made by one physician based on PTVC,PTVS,and PTVC+S on end-inhalation images.The target volume,homogeneity index (HI),conformity index (CI),and doses to organs at risk were compared between the three groups.Results The C+S group had the largest IGTV,PTV,and the ratio of PTV to diseased breast volume,which was followed by the C group and the S group (all P＜ 0.05).The S group had significantly lower doses to the ipsilateral normal breast and lung than the C group and the C+S group (all P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in HI or CI between the three groups (all P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The volume variation caused by target volume dehneation on 4DCT images based on different references has little impact on dose distribution in target volume.However,it has substantial impact on radiation doses to the ipsilateral normal breast and lung.

Objective To discuss the relationship between cardio-vocal syndrome and pulmonary arterial hypertension in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods Based on the electronic bronchoscopy results,257 less than one-year-old infants with congenital heart disease were selected and divided into vocal cord paralysis positive group (31 cases) and negative group(226 cases).Factors including age,sex,body weight,pulmonary arterial hypertension degree and PA/AO value were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of left vocal cord paralysis were analyzed using logistic regression method.Results There were no significant differences in age and weight between left vocal cord paralysis positive group and negative group(P ＞0.05).While incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension and PA/AO value of the positive group were significantly higher than those of the negative group (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of left vocal cord paralysis in no,mild-moderate and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension groups were 1.39％,10.6％ and 22.0％ (P ＜ 0.05) respectively.Left vocal cord paralysis was positively correlated with the degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension (r =0.179,P ＜ 0.01) and PA/AO value (r =0.169,P ＜ 0.01).Pulmonary arterial hypertension was an independent risk factor of left vocal cord paralysis (P =0.005,OR =1.689).Conclusion Left vocal cord paralysis was significantly correlated with pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary artery dilatation.So pulmonary arterial hypertension should be one of the possible causes of cardio-vocal syndrome in infants with CHD.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the respiration-induced clinical target volume (CTV) motion and volume variation and the dosimetric variation of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) during free-breathing (FB) with whole breast intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).MethodsSeventeen patients with breast conserving surgery underwent respiration-synchronized four-dimentional computed tomography (4DCT) simulation scans on the state of FB.The treatment plan was constructed using the end-inspiration phase scan,then copied and applied to the other respiratory phases.The dose distribution was calculated separately to evaluate the dose-volume histograms parameters for the PTV,ipsilateral lung and heart.ResultsDuring FB,the CTV motion vector was (2.09 ±0.74) mm,and the volume variation was (3.05 ± 0.94) ％.There was no correlation between the volume variation of CTV and dosimetric variation of PTV/OAR ( r =-0.390 -0.480,P =0.182 -0.775 ).In anteroposterior (AP),superoinferior (SI) and vector directions,the CTV movement correlated well with the PTV mean dose,conformal index,and the lung volume receiving high dose (V20,V30,V40,and V50;r=-0.975-0.791,P =0.000 -0.041 ).In SI and vector directions,the CTV displacement only correlated with the heart volume receiving ＞ 5 Gy ( V5 ) ( r =-0.795,0.687,P =0.006,0.028 ).The lung volume variation and the lung volume receiving high dose correlated reasonably well (r=0.655 -0.882,P=0.001-0.04 0).The heart volume variation only correlated with the V5 of heart (r =-0.701,P =0.024).ConclusionsDuring free-breathing,the effect of breast volume variation can be ignored for whole breast IMRT,and whole breast IMRT assisted with breath-hold may improve the accuracy of dose delivery during radiotherapy.