AIM:To determine terpenelactonesines content in Yinxing Tongzhi Dripping Pills(ginkgoflavone,ginkgolide).METHODS:HPIC with evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) was established to determine terpenelactones content in Yinxing Tongzhi Dripping Pills..The analysis was carried out on Angilent Hypersil ODS(5 ?m,4 mm?250 mm) column.The mobile phase consisted of THF-MeOH-H_2O(10:20:70).The operating conditions of the ELSD were a nebulizer nitrogen,flow-rate of 2.51 L/min and an evaporator tube temperature of 103(?C).RESULTS:No interference was found in the terpenelactones peak position.The method was simple,with a good linear relationship.The relative standard deviation of reproducibility about BB、GA、GB、GC was 1.33%,(1.79%,)1.92%,1.58% respectively and the average recoveries were 97.0%,96.5%,96.3%,97.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method can be used for quality control.

AIM: To estabish a RP-HPLC method for determing geniposidic acid、chlorogenic acid、geniposide in Duzhong Pingya Tablet(Folium Eucommiae).METHODS:Geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid and geniposide were analysed by using C_(18) column with the mobile phase of methanol-water-aceacid(15∶85∶1.5) at the flow rate of 1 mL/min,the detective wavelength was set at 237 nm. RESULTS: The analytical had good linearity.The precision of geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid and geniposide were 1.93%、1.50%、1.66%,respectively and the recoveries were 97.3%,97.2%,96.7%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,quick and reproducible and could be used for the determination of three constituents in Duzhong Pingya Tablet.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in preoperative assessment for endometrial cancer.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 51 patients (average age (59± 12) years) with confirmed or suspicious diagnosis of endometrial cancer from February 2013 to December 2015.Thirty-three patients underwent curettage surgery at least 1 week before PET/CT imaging.With SUVmax as the statistical variable,comparison was made between the pathologically confirmed benign and malignant groups,and in case of the latter,the extent of infiltration,histologic grade and subtype of primary tumor,lymph node and distant metastases were also analyzed.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data,and diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT for metastasis was calculated.Results There were 43 patients with endometrial cancer and 8 patients with benign uterine tumor.SUVmax was found to significantly correlate with histopathology classification (benign:3.4 ± 1.2,malignant:12.8 ± 6.5) and depth of myometrial invasion (≥1/2:17.7±5.4,＜1/2:10.9±5.9;t=-8.7 and 3.2,both P＜0.05),but not with cervical stromal invasion,histologic grade or histologic subtype(t =1.8,-1.9,1.5,all P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of PET/CT for the detection of lymph node metastases on a lesion basis were 85.7％ (18/21),98.2％ (271/276),97.3％ (289/ 297),78.3％(18/23),98.9％ (271/274),respectively,and on a patient basis were 6/6,97.3％ (36/ 37),97.7％ (42/43),6/7,100％ (36/36),respectively.The sensitivity and PPV of PET/CT for the detection of other metastases on a lesion basis were both 11/12.Conclusion SUVmax could be a clinically valuable tool for preoperative evaluation of the presence of deep myometrial invasion,lymph node metastases and other metastases in patients with endometrial cancer,particularly in specificity and NPV.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of glucagon-like peptid-1 (GLP-1) against cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMECs) injured by high glucose. Methods: CMECs were isolated and cultured. Superoxide assay kit and dihydroethidine (DHE) staining were used to assess oxidative stress. TUNEL staining and caspase 3 expression were used to assess the apoptosis of CMECs. H89 was used to inhibit cAMP/PKA pathway; fasudil was used to inhibit Rho/ROCK pathway. The protein expressions of Rho, ROCK were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: High glucose increased the production of ROS, the activity of NADPH, the apoptosis rate and the expression level of Rho/ROCK in CMECs, while GLP-1 decreased high glucose-induced ROS production, the NADPH activity and the apoptosis rate and the expression level of Rho/ROCK in CMECs, the difference were statistically significant (. P<0.05). Conclusions: GLP-1 could protect the cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The protective effects of GLP-1 are dependent on downstream inhibition of Rho through a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner, resulting in a subsequent decrease in the expression of NADPH oxidase.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is closely related to intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, in which intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier injury is the structural basis of SAP-related intestinal mucosal dysfunction. Among the molecular mechanisms of injury factors, inflammatory mediators and cytokines, produced by SAP waterfall inflammation, are the main factors of intestinal mucosal barrier injury. This article briefly describes the effects of SAP on intestinal mechanical barrier injury and its molecular mechanism in order to provide ideas for the treatment of SAP.

Objective To explore the effects of Chinese herbal compound, Tengmei decoction, on type II collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) in rats, and to examine the changes of arthritis index ( AI) , limb swelling, joint tissue inflammatory infiltration, and the effects on immune-inflammatory factors.Methods Sprague-Dawley rat models of arthritis were successfully established by intradermal injection of type II collagen and Freund’ s complete adjuvant.The model rats were randomly divided into model group, positive drug group, and high-and low-dose Chinese medicine groups, 6 rats in each group.The intervention and treatment period was 12 weeks.To measure weekly the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rear ankles and wrists, the transverse diameter of the claw foot palm pad, the thickness and the highest point width of hind limb plantar joint swelling, and to evaluate the integrated scores of joints and limbs swelling using a vernier caliper.Results ①Compared with the normal group, the total arthritis scores and hind limbs AI scores of the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) .The left forelimb AI scores were significantly increased during 10 -12 weeks ( P <0.05 ) .The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the left hind limb, the thickness of the highest point measurement of the left hind foot pad metatarsal were significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) in different time periods between 1-12 weeks.Compared with the model group, the total scores and the left hind limb joints AI scores of the high-and low-dose drug groups were decreased after 6 weeks (P<0.05).②Compared with the normal control group, levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly up-regulated ( P<0.01 ) in the model group.Compared with the model group, the levels of mRNA transcription and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αproteins were significantly down-regulated in the positive group and Chinese medicine groups ( P <0.01 ) .③ Histological examination showed that the low-dose TCM significantly improved the CIA synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Chinese herbal compound Tengmei decotion in improving joint pathological injury of CIA rat models may be related to its inhibitory effect on the high expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the synovial tissue of CIA rats.

Objective To observe the effect of Compoud Qingqin Liquids on renal function of rat model of uric acid nephropathy, and to discuss its protection of renal function. Methods The rat model was induced by gavaging adenine and feeding yeast. SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive group, and high-, medium-, low-dose groups of Chinese medicine. Blank control group and model group were daily gavaged with distilled water, positive control group was daily gavaged with allopurinol by 9.33 mg/kg, and high-, medium-, low-dose group of Chinese medicine was daily gavaged with Compound Qinggin Liguids by 3.77, 1.89, 0.09 g/(kg·d) respectively for 6 weeks. General condition of rats were observed, renal pathological changes were observed with light and electron microscope. Urine protein concentration, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and kidney weight index were respectively tested before and after treatment. Results There were no significant differences in eating, drinking and body weight between before and after modeling. Compoud Qingqin Liquids can obviously decrease the concentration of urine protein, blood uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney weight index (P<0.05) of rats with uric acid nephropathy. Renal tubular epithelial cells atrophy and renal interstitial fibrosis of high-dose group of Chinese medicine were not evident. Conclusion Compoud Qingqin Liquids can protect the rats renal function against uric acid renal injury.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Patched-1 (PTC1) and PTC2 silencing in a rat model, on Hedgehog (Hh) pathway-mediated recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). An analytical emphasis on the relationship between the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway and nerve regeneration was explored. A total of 126 rats were divided into normal, sham, SCI, negative control (NC), PTC1-RNAi, PTC2-RNAi and PTC1/PTC2-RNAi groups. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was employed to assess hind limb motor function. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine the mRNA and protein levels of PTC1, PTC2, Shh, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli-1), Smo and Nestin. Tissue morphology was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining was conducted to detect neurofilament protein 200 (NF-200) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The PTC1/PTC2-RNAi group displayed higher BBB scores than the SCI and NC groups. Shh, Gli-1, Smo and Nestin expression levels were elevated in the PTC1/PTC2-RNAi group. PTC1 and PTC2 mRNA and protein expression was lower in the PTC1/PTC2-RNAi group than in the normal, sham and SCI groups. Among the seven groups, the PTC1/PTC2-RNAi group had the largest positive area of NF-200 staining, whereas the SCI group exhibited a larger GFAP-positive area than both the normal and the sham groups. The Shh pathway may provide new insights into therapeutic indications and regenerative recovery tools for the treatment of SCI. Activation of the Hh signaling pathway by silencing PTC1 and PTC2 may reduce inflammation and may ultimately promote SCI recovery.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Dingkundan on Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） at a stable phase. MethodA randomized controlled clinical design method was adopted， and 60 patients who were diagnosed with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in COPD at a stable phase in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the respiratory department of Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from June 2019 to December 2019 were divided into observation group and control group according to 1∶1. During the study period， there was no dropout， loss of follow-up， or exclusion between the two groups. On the basis of both groups receiving traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） lung rehabilitation training， the observation group took Dingkundan 7 g/time orally， twice a day. The control group received oral administration of the same specification of Dingkundan starch simulator of 7 g/time， twice a day. Both groups have a treatment period of 12 weeks. The COPD Assessment Test （CAT）， modified Medical Research Council （mMRC）， fatigue scale-14 （FS-14）， self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）， self-rating depression scale （SDS）， 6-minute walk distance （6MWD）， and pulmonary function before and after treatment were evaluated. ResultAfter treatment， both groups showed improvements in CAT， mMRC， FS-14， SAS scores， and 6MWD （P<0.05）. The observation group also showed improvements in SDS scores and lung function indicators （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed more significant improvement in CAT， FS-14， SAS， SDS scores， and 6MWD （P<0.05）. ConclusionDingkundan has a clear therapeutic effect on Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with COPD at a stable phase. It can reduce symptom burden， enhance exercise capacity， and improve psychological status and has the potential to improve lung function.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the reliability and accuracy of Walker's model for estimating the sex of Han adults in western China by using cranium three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction, and to study the suitable cranial sex estimation model for Han people in western China. METHODS: A total of 576 cranial CT 3D reconstructed images from Hanzhong Hospital in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2021 were collected. These images were divided into the experimental group with 486 samples and the validation group with 90 samples. Walker's model was used by observer 1 to estimate the sex of experimental group samples. The logistic function applicable to Han people in western China was corrected by observer 1. The 90 samples in the validation group were scored and substituted into the modified logistic function to complete the back substitution test by observer 1, 2 and 3. RESULTS: The accuracy of sex estimation of Han adults in western China was 63.2%-77.2% by applying Walker's model. The accuracy of modified logistic function was 82.9%. The accuracy of sex estimation through back substitution test by 3 observers was 75.6%-91.1%, with a Kappa value of 0.689 (P<0.05) for inter-observer consistency and 0.874 (P<0.05) for intra-observer consistency. CONCLUSIONS There are great differences in bone characteristics among people from different regions. The modified logistic function can achieve higher accuracy in Han adults in western China.
Humans ; Adult ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Skull/anatomy & histology* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; China ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed