Objective To study the best process of puerarin refined.Methods Results of the research on the selection of dissolved agent, agent and precipitator, and column chromatography of the resin, alumina, silica gel, fly ash and activated carbon were used to study the combined process. Results The average purity of optimization of the three craft products were 99.06052%, 99.22620% and 99.69880%.The yield of average values were 44.180%, 44.438% and 42.642%.Conclusion This study optimized the optimum process is feasible, puerarin purity is more than 99%, the yield is above 40%.

Objective To study the inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation(IDLPO)by apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate in vitro and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of apigenin on acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods In vitro IDLPO on rat cerebral homogenate was induced with ferrous sulfate,the incubation mixture was observed at three various concentration of apigenin and deferoxamine(DFX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)level was assayed by the 2-thiobarbituric acid(TBA)test.In vivo,the transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats was established with insertion of thread embolish into middle cerebral artery.In experiment groups the neurological behavior scores,TTC stain of brain slices,and neurocyte morphology were observed.The homogenate of left hemisphere was collected for investigating the effect of apigenin on content of MDA and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in 24,48,and 72 h.Results MDA was reduced in three various concentration of apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate(P0.05).In vivo,abnormal neurological behavior scores existed and typical cortical infarct lesions were found by TTC stain in both apigenin and model groups.An obvious intracellular and intercellular edema and vacuolization were found in the cerebral cortexes and hippocampuses in model group.There was karyopycnosis in glias and neurons.However lesion was alleviated in apigenin group.The MDA contents in both apigenin and model groups were increased greatly compared to ones of Sham-operated group,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis pathology,CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hydranencephaly.Methods CT manifestations and clinical data of 9 cases with hydranencephaly were analysed retrospectively.Results CT findins of 9 cases were almost defects of bilateral cerebral hemisphere and ventricle.Only a little remainder of occipital,frontal and/or temporal lobes were appearence.The structure of subtentorium was normal.Conclusion CT scan directly shows all appearances of hydranencephaly and is great valuable for diagnosing this disease.

0.05), The regression equation was y=0.963 8x+0.012 35, with correlation coefficient of 0.995 0. Conclusion The 4160-type formaldehyde analyzer could be used for determination of formaldehyde in public places and other indoor air.

Objective:To discuss the changes of peripheral blood T Lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic HBV infection to know the relation between T Lymphocyte subsets and HBV replication and the relationship between T Lymphocyte subsets and activity of liver cirrhosis.Methods:Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed by flow cytometry in 99 patients with chronic HBV infection.Results:The T Lymphocyte subsets counts were marked higher in patients with chronic active hepaitis B than those in patients with liver cirrhosis.CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly higher in active cirrhosis than those in non-active cirrhosis(P

Objective To investigate the influence of producing areas and sexual reproduction on the genetic features of Citrus grandis‘Tomentosa’. Methods The genetic distance in different species was counted,and the DNA fingerprint of germplasm resources of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ was established after random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck of various species from different producing areas. Results The genetic distance index D of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck of various species from different producing areas was in the range of 0.01~0.64. Conclusion Sexual reproduction and the changes of producing areas can result in the genetic diversity of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’.

Objective To investigate the right ventricular morphology and function of patients with atrial septal defects by single beat real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.Methods Thirty-four healthy volunteers and twenty-seven ASD patients were enrolled consecutively as normal controls and the ASD group respectively.Single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography was performed in all to evaluate parameters concerning modality and systolic function of participants' right ventricle.The relationship of indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (IEDVRV) and end systolic volume(IESVRV)with mean pulmonary arterial pressure measured through cardiac catheter and systolic pulmonary artery pressure calculated though the three tricuspid regurgitation were observed.Results Indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (IEDVRv),end systolic volume(IESVRV),right ventricular stroke volume (ISVRV) and right ventrieular ejection fraction (RVEF) were greater in the ASD group than in controls (P ＜ 0.05).IEDVRv and IESVRV had positive relation with pulmonary pressure measured by cardiac catheter and systolic pulmonary artery pressure calculated though the three tricuspid regurgitation.Conclusions Single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography has an obvious advantage than normal test in evaluating the change of the right ventricular function and shapes,furthermore,single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography can indirectly determined the pressure of the pulmonary without wound.

Objective 　To study the clinical and electrophysiological features in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A with gene duplication.Methods　Clinical symptoms and signs were summarized in 22 patients from 21 unrelated families. Electromyography (EMG) as well as motor conduction velocities (MCV) and sensory conduction velocities (SCV) examinations were performed in all patients. Results　Evidence of CMT was initially detected within the second decade in 18 patients. Nearly half of patients were sporadic cases. The typical clinical manifestations of CMT1A were weakness and atrophy in the distal limbs, weakness or absence of the tendon reflexes, talipes equinovarus and postural tremor the upper limb. Additionally, some special symptoms and signs were also observed occasionally, including brisk tendon reflexes, extensor plantar responses, scoliosis, foot ulcers and nystagmus. EMG revealed that 77.3% of the patients had fibrillation and positive sharp potentials. 81.8% of them had prolonged motor unit potential limit. Median MCV showed there was no significant difference between CMT1A patients and CMT1 patients without duplication (t=1.63, P＞0.05). Values of SCV and MCV for the lower limbs were not obtained in 20 patients and more than 2/3 of the patients respectively. Conclusions　The clinical features of CMT1A included high frequent of sporadic cases, early onset in the second decade and various manifestations. The electrophysiological features were that the damages of nerves for the lower limbs were more severer than those in the upper limbs and the damages of the sensory nerves were more severer than those of the motor nerves. The phenotype was variable although the genotype was the same in CMT1A patients with PMP22 duplication.

Objective To observe the effect of apigenin on the recovery of neurological function following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and investigate its mechanism. Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a sham-operated group, a model group and an apigenin-treated group. A transient ( 1.5 h) focal cerebral ischemia-reperfu-sion model was established in the rats of the model and apigenin-treated groups. In the sham-operated rats the middle cere-bral artery was not occluded. The rats in the apigenin-treated group received an intra-abdominal injection of apigenin, and the rats in the other two groups received injections of normal saline solution. Neurological behavior scores were assessed in accordance with the Zea Longa method at the 24th, 48th and 72nd hour and the 7th day after reperfusion. Cellular and sub-cellular morphology were observed with an optical microscope and an electron microscope, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured using ELISA. Results Neurological function improved by the 7th day after reperfusion in the model group, but improved significantly by the 72nd hour after reperfusion in the apigenin-treated group. Average TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the model group and the apigenin-treated group were significantly higher than in the sham-operated group. Av-erage TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the apigenin-treated group were significantly lower than in the model group at the 48th and 72nd hour after reperfusion. Neurological behavior scores had a positive correlation with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels. In the model group, obvious intracellular and intercellular edema and vacuolization were observed in the ischemic cortices and hippocampuses, with remarkable karyopycnosis and organelle broadening and dissolution and vacuolization in glial cells and neurons. In the apigenin-treated group, similar but significantly milder morphological changes were observed. Conclusion Apigenin can promote the recovery of neurological function in rats by downregulating the expression of TNF-α and IL-1βfollowing focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To analyze the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) composition in patients with T2DM. Methods All subjects were from Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university, and they were divided into three groups: normal control ( n = 94 ), T2DM ( n = 101 ) and T2DM with hyperlipidemia ( n = 77 ). Fasting blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma FFA were separated using a modified Doles method with the bromoacetophenone, pre-column-derivative. The quantitation of FFA was performed on were (355.63 ± 100. 35) μmol/L, (421.21 ± 200. 83 ) μ mol/L, ( 473.04 ± 213.40 ) μmol/L in healthy controls, T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group, respectively. The significant differences were observed among the 3 groups(x2 = 13.08, P <0.01 ). However, there was no significant difference of UFA concentrations among the 3 groups [(206.29± 61.94) μ mol/L, (218.11 ± 110.28) μmol/L and ( 240.94 ± 116.79 ) μmol/L, x2 = 2.17, P > 0.05]. Compared to normal control [( 355.63 ± 100.35 )μmol/L], the FFA concentration[(421.21 ±200.83) μmol/L] in T2DM has significantly increased (x2 =FFA concentrations were higher in T2DM with hyperlipidemia [(473.04 ±213.40) μmol/L] (x2 =27.93,P <0.01 ). The RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the minimal detection limits ranged from 0.05 μmol/L to 0.35 μmol/L The recoveries of high, intermediate and low-level materials were 96.4% -104.8%. Conclusions The total FFA concentration in T2DM has increased, most of which are saturated FFA. The unsaturated FFA has not significantly increased. They seem to be related to the development of T2DM, and might be a new biomarker for clinical monitoring of metabolic disorder of T2DM.