Objective To investigate the pathogenesis pathology,CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hydranencephaly.Methods CT manifestations and clinical data of 9 cases with hydranencephaly were analysed retrospectively.Results CT findins of 9 cases were almost defects of bilateral cerebral hemisphere and ventricle.Only a little remainder of occipital,frontal and/or temporal lobes were appearence.The structure of subtentorium was normal.Conclusion CT scan directly shows all appearances of hydranencephaly and is great valuable for diagnosing this disease.

BACKGROUND:Nerve growth factor has been shown to play an important role in bone healing, but little is reported on the effect of growth factor composite scaffolds via the immediate implantation in the repair of canine bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of nerve growth factor composite scaffolds via the immediate implantation for the repair of canine bone defects. METHODS:Nerve growth factor composited strontium apatite scaffolds were prepared. Canine mandibular defect models were established and divided into three groups, fol owed by implanted with composite scaffold (experimental group), strontium apatite (positive control group), or nothing (blank control group). The three-dimensional CT reconstruction and hematoxylin-eosin staining of canine mandibular bone defects were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the blank control group, there were few new bones surrounding bone defect. Trabecular bones spread from the defect center to the surrounding tissues in the experimental and positive control groups. The bone density, volume, thickness, and implant-bone contact were significantly increased, while the trabecular separation was significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the positive control and blank control groups (P<0.05), and al above indicators in the positive contro group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the experimental group, there were a large number of new bones that contacted with the surrounding bones closely, and trabecular bones arranged regularly. In the positive control group, newborn osteoid, trabeculare, and a smal amount of debris were found. In the blank control group, few new bones were connected with the surrounding bones untightly and trabecular bone arranged irregularly. These results indicate that the nerve growth factor composite scaffold can promote the bone regeneration in the canine bone defects after immediate implantation.

BACKGROUND:Now experimental and clinical research on suitable bone substitutes for alveolar bone defects after dental implantation is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of titanium core/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) composite material on alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement.METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into normal group (no intervention),experimental group or control group.Animal models of bone femoral greater trochanter defect were made in the experimental and control groups.Dental implant and titanium core/BMP composite material were implanted in the experimental group,while dental implant and titanium core were implanted in the control group.Percentage of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level were detected at postoperative 4 weeks;bone mineral density and osteogenesis around the implant were detected at postoperative 16 weeks through X-ray and histological examinations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray results showed that the bone mineral density in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Histological results showed that in the experimental group,different degrees of cell lysis around the composite,more bone cells and bone matrices were found,implant-bone osseointegration formed well,and red-dyed mature bone tissues were detective inside the implant.Compared with the experimental group,lower number of bone cells and fibrocytes were found in the control group.Additionally,the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).To conclude,the titanium core/BMP composite material can effectively repair alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement to guide the growth of bone cells.

Objective:To compare the effect of different methods of sputum aspiration in children with bronchopneumonia and explore the appropriate sputum aspiration methods for children with bronchopneumonia.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. The convenience sampling method was used to select 165 children with bronchopneumonia treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 8, 2020 to September 30, 2021 as the research objects. They were divided into group A, group B and group C by random number table method, with 55 cases in each group. Group A used sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and nose, group B used olive head to aspirate sputum through nose, and group C used both sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and olive head through nose. The sputum aspirating effect, respiratory mucosal injury rate and satisfaction degree of children′s parents were compared among the three groups.Results:Finally, there were 53 cases in group A, 54 cases in group B and 53 cases in group C. The total effective rate of sputum aspiration was 96.21%(584/607) in group C, which was higher than that in group A 94.32% (581/616) and in group B 74.12% (464/626), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=194.62, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=95.95, 11.32, 132.16, all P<0.017). The respiratory mucosal injury rate was 1.12% (7/626) in group B, which was lower than that in group C 3.13% (19/607) and in group A 10.39% (64/616), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=63.53, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=49.52, 25.47, 6.04, all P<0.017). The satisfaction degree of children′s parents in group C was 98.11% (52/53), which was higher than that in group B 90.74% (49/54) and in group A 81.13% (43/53), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.54, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group B, and between group B and group C( P>0.017). There was statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group C ( χ2=8.22, P<0.017). Conclusions:The combination of oral suction tube and nasal suction with olive head can improve the sputum aspirating effect of children with bronchopneumonia and the satisfaction degree of their parents, with a low rate of respiratory mucosal injury and high safety, which is worthy of clinical reference.

Objective:To explore the promoted role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) overexpression in proliferation and differentiation of immature white matter progenitor cells after ischemia in vitro. Methods:Periventricular white matter cells from 5-d-old rats were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) group, OGD+gadolinium chloride (GdCl 3) group, and OGD+ CaSR silenced group. CaSR expression was agitated by GdCl 3, and CaSR gene expression was inhibited by gene silencing. CaSR mRNA levels 24, 48 and 72 h, and 7 and 14 d after OGD were detected by real-time fluorescence quantification-PCR (RT-qPCR); cell proliferation 48 h after OGD was detected by inverted microscope, and cell differentiation 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 and 14 d was detected by double immunofluorescence staining. Results:(1) CaSR mRNA expressions: CaSR mRNA expressions in OGD group 48 and 72 h and 7 d after OGD were statistically higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). Forty-eight and 72 h, and 7 and 14 d after OGD, CaSR mRNA expressions in OGD+GDCL 3 group were statistically higher than those in control group and OGD group ( P<0.05); the CaSR mRNA expressions in the OGD+CaSR silenced group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). (2) Cell proliferation and differentiation: 48 h after OGD, the cell sphere diameter of OGD group ([75.26±26.07] μm) was significantly increased as compared with that of control group ([57.96±18.92] μm, P<0.05); the cell sphere diameter of OGD+GdCl 3 group ([91.92±21.82] μm) was significantly increased as compared with that of control group and OGD group ( P<0.05); and the cell sphere diameter of OGD+ CaSR silenced group ([24.09±8.34] μm) was significantly shorter than that of control group and OGD group ( P<0.05). At 48 and 72 h after OGD, the number of O4 +/CaSR + olidoendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in OGD group was significantly larger than that in control group, that in OGD+GdCl 3 group was significantly larger than that in control group and OGD group, and that in OGD+ CaSR silenced group was significantly smaller than that in control group and OGD group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CaSR overexpression could promote the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells to OPCs.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the index of hemodynamics in perinatal period and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), so as to provide basis for the better prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods:From May 2017 to April 2019, the preterm infants were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at birth and were hospitalized for more than 2 weeks, gestational age ≤ 35 weeks and birth weight ≤ 2 500 g. They were selected as the study objects.The perinatal data including heart rate, blood pressure, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and NT-proBNP level on the 1 st, 7 th and 14 th day, respectively after birth were collected.They were divided into ROP group and non ROP group according to the results of the retinopathy screening report.The influencing factors of ROP were screened out by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Results:A total of 1 119 subjects were included, 105 infants with ROP were detected, and the prevalence of ROP was 9.4%.Among them, 12 cases of pre-threshold lesion type 1 and threshold lesions required treatment, accoun-ting for 1.07% of screened preterm infants .Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis revealed that gestational age, birth weight, total oxygen therapy time, and intrauterine growth restriction were all factors affecting ROP, and 2 hemodynamic related indicators, such as the level of NT-proBNP in plasma on the 14 th day after birth, and placenta previa or abruption were also related to ROP( OR=0.604, 0.647, 1.276, 2.361, 1.688 and 2.506, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The hemodynamic changes in perinatal period may be involved in the formation of ROP, and it is necessary to further clarify its mechanism.