Objective To investigate the effects of aquatic Taiji Quan on balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Methods From March to December, 2015, 30 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury received aquatic Taiji Quan exercise based on rou-tine rehabilitation, 30 minutes every day, five times a week for five weeks. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after exercise. Dynamic balance function and static balance function were also assessed with Active Balancer assessment. Results The BBS score significantly improved after exercise (t=-9.652, P<0.001). The track length and area of gravity movement with eyes open and closed decreased (t>3.528, Z>-2.590, P<0.01). No improvement was observed in the deflection center displacement of X and Y axes (P>0.05). The dynamic stability limit range enlarged (t=-4.516, P<0.01), and the time to target significantly shortened (t=4.530, P<0.001). Conclusion Aquatic Taiji Quan can improve the balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of underwater treadmill training (UWTT) on patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods Based on routine rehabilitation, 15 hemiplegic patients after stroke were treated with UWTT system 20 min/d, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Walking distance and speed in water were tested before and after UWTT. Dynamic balance function and static balance function were also assessed by Active Balancer assessment. Results All the items improved significantly after treatment (P<0.01), except deflection center displacement of X and Y axis (P>0.05). Conclusion UWTT can improve the walking ability and balance function of hemiplegic patients after stroke.

Objective To compare the effect of water bath in different temperature on rang of motion (ROM) of injuried knees. Methods30 patients with limited knee ROM were divided into hot water group (42 ℃) and warm water group (38 ℃) randomly. On the base of routinerebabilitation, patients accepted lower limb special bubbles and swirl bath in their temperature 20 times. Their positive ROM of kneewere measured before and after the treatment. Results The ROM of knee increased in both groups (P<0.001), and increased more in hot watergroup than in warm water group (P<0.05). Conclusion Hot water bath is more effective on ROM of injuried knees.

Objective To observe the effect of underwater treadmill training on patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods 11 patients with incomplete SCI were treated with underwater treadmill training, besides other comprehensive rehabilitation. Motor and sense scores were assessed using ASIA2000 standard and recorded before and after the underwater treadmill training. Walking distances, maximal walking velocity when training and changes of activities of daily living (ADL) before and after training were also recorded.Results After underwater treadmill training, the sense score of ASIA increased ( P<0.05), motor score of ASIA, and scores of walking distance, maximal walking velocity and ADL increased significantly ( P<0.01).Conclusion The underwater treadmill training along with other routine rehabilitation treatment may be helpful to improve motor and sensory functions and ADL of patients with incomplete SCI.

Objective To translate the Water Orientation Test of Alyn 1 (WOTA1) into Chinese and investigate the test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability and validity of this Chinese Version. Methods The Water Orientation Test of Alyn 1 was translated from English into Chinese. 25 children with cerebral palsy were tested with Chinese Version of WOTA1 by 2 raters. One of the raters accessed the same children again after 2 days. While the children were assessed with Brief Assessment of Motor Function (BAMF). The scores from both raters, twice of one rater, and of WOTA1 and of BAMF were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The correlation coefficient of test-retest of WOTA1 total score is 0.992 (95% CI: 0.982-0.996), and it was 0.887 to 1.000 of the scores of items. The correlation coefficient of inter-rater of total score is 0.992 (95% CI: 0.980-0.998), and it was 0.748 to 1.000 of the scores of items. The correlation coefficient between scores of WOTA1 and BAMF was 0.926 (P<0.01). Conclusion The Chinese Version of WOTA1 is good reliable and valid to assess the motor function in hydrotherapy pool.

Objective To observe the effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine bubble bath on the children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Methods 13 children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy received routine rehabilitation and bubble bath (control group), while 14 children received routine rehabilitation and Traditional Chinese Medicine bubble bath (experimental group). All the children were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of triceps surae muscle before and 10 weeks after treatment.Results The total score of GMFM-66 increased (P<0.001) and the MAS score decreased in both groups (P<0.01) after treatment. The dimensions B, D, and E of GMFM-66 only increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). The MAS score decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Traditional Chinese Medicine bubble bath can improve gross motor function and reduce triceps surae muscle tension of the children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.

Objective To translate the Water Orientation Test of Alyn 2 (WOTA2) into Chinese, and to study its reliability and validity for patients with spinal cord injury. Methods After authorizing, the English version WOTA2 scale and its training package were translated into Chinese. From January to September, 2018, 137 patients with spinal cord injury were evaluated with the Chinese version WOTA2 by two evaluators independently, and evaluated again three days later by one of the evaluators. The Cronbach's α, Spearman-Brown coefficient, intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient were calculated to evaluate the reliability. Content Validity Index (CVI) of items (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI) were used to evaluate the content validity, and factors analysis was used to evaluate the structure validity. Results The Cronbach's α was 0.947 in all items of the scale, 0.890 in mental adjustment items and 0.954 in aquatic skills items. Pearson correlation coefficient of the half scales separated by odd and even items was 0.948, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.973. The ICC of test-retest was 0.965 in total score, 0.965 in centesimal system total score, 0.847 in mental adjustment score and 0.970 in aquatic skills score. The ICC of inter-testers was 0.964 in total score, 0.965 in centesimal system total score, 0.847 in mental adjustment score and 0.970 in aquatic skills score. The Kappa coefficient was 0.528 to 0.927 in test-retest and 0.528 to 0.927 in inter-testers. The I-CVI was 0.8 to 1.0 and S-CVI was 0.63. Factors analysis extracted four factors, which met the theory, and contributed 67% of cumulative variance. Conclusion The Chinese version WOTA2 is good in reliability and validity for patients with spinal cord injury, and can be used in the clinical practice of aquatic therapeutic exercise in China.