ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the distributional characteristics of anaphylactogens in prurigo nodularis (PN)patients so as to provide clinical basis for selecting the method of allergy test.Methods We divided 262 PN patients into four groups and then used skin-prick (5 4 patients ),skin-patch (5 0 patients ),serum IgE allergen detection (56 patients)and serum IgG allergen detection (102 patients)to analyze anaphylactogen positive rate and their distribution differences in PN.Results For skin-prick test in 54 PN patients,the detection rates of platanus orientalis,artemisia argyi,poplar,dust mite,dirt mite,cod,peanut and tomato were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 ).For skin-patch test in 50 PN patients,the detection rates of nickel sulfate,flavor compounds,black rubber,and carba mix were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).For serum IgE test in 5 6 PN patients,the detection rates of house dust,scandent hop,cat/dog hair,bug,penicillium/neurospora and mutton were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).For serum IgG test in 102 PN ones,the detection rates of crab,shrimp,beef and cod were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Skin-prick test and serum IgE detection have high application values in PN patients.Serum IgG detection is of certain importance in adjusting PN patients’diet structure while skin-patch test applied in PN needs further exploration.

Objective To use thrombelastography (TEG) and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and find a better diagnostic method.Methods Patients with potential DIC factors,DIC clinical manifestation or DIC patients suspected by laboratory tests were included after their admission into our hospital.TEGs and CCTs were detected,respectively.DIC score was evaluated.The single factor logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between TEG and CCTs as well as the diagnostic accuracy.Results The international normalized ratio (INR) in CCTs of the DIC patients were significantly higher,the reaction rime (R),clot formation time (K),angle rate of clot formation (α),maximum amplitude (MA),and composite index (CI) figures in TEG were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of TEG were 82.4％,and 62.2％,which were significantly higher than 21.6％ and 47.2％ in CCTs (P ＜ 0.05).Single factor logistic regression results show that odd ratio (OR) in prothrombin time (PT) and INR of CCTs was 1.23 and 1.27,respectively.The OR in R,K,α,MA,and CI of TEG was 5.13,6.14,1.37,1.25,and 3.02,respectively.Conclusions Compared to CCTs,TEG is more indicative of the conditions of DIC patients and it might be a better way to predict the DIC risks,which is of greater value in clinical diagnosis.

Background Tuberculosis is the most common complication of pneumoconiosis, which accelerates the progression of pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis is a major health risk. Objective To understand the outpatient health service utilization for patients of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis and its main influencing factors. Methods A stratified random sampling combined with non-random sampling was used to select 11181 pneumoconiosis patients in 27 provincial administrative regions (excluding Shanghai, Tianjin, Hainan, Tibet Autonomous Region, Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao Special Administrative Regions) from December 2017 to June 2021. A self-constructed questionnaire, i.e. Health Seeking Behaviors of Pneumoconiosis Patients and Their Influencing Factors, was used, which included basic information, outpatient and inpatient service utilization, and influencing factors of medical treatment behaviors of pneumoconiosis patients. The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 90.7%. All patients of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis (n=762) were included as the study subjects. The difference of outpatient utilization in the past two weeks, choosing medical institutions, and the reasons of not seeking medical treatment between urban and rural areas, and the influencing factors of outpatient service utilization were analyzed. Results The study subjects were mainly silicosis combined with tuberculosis (502 cases, 65.9%) and coal workers' pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis (232 cases, 30.5%), aged (58.6±12.5) years old. The main region was Western China (45.1%), followed by Eastern China (22.1%), Centeral China (20.2%), and Northeastern China (12.6%). The outpatient utilization rate in the past two weeks was 38.5% (293/762), and the main medical institutions consulted were municipal or provincial hospitals (32.0%), district or county hospitals (28.6%), and township hospitals or health service centers (17.5%). Short distance (20.7%), the availability of specialist outpatient services (16.7%), high level of medical care (14.8%), and low medical cost (12.3%) were the main reasons in choosing medical institutions. Higher proportion of patients seeking medical services due to acute exacerbation in rural areas was reported than in urban areas in the past two weeks (P<0.01). In addition to being hospitalized (113 cases, 41.4%) and self-purchasing medicine (46 cases, 16.8%), the reasons for not seeking medical treatment were self-perceived mild symptoms (15.0%) and high medical cost without reimbursement (9.5%). The multiple regression results showed that outpatient rate for patients of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis in the western region was higher than that in the eastern region (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.68); patients with an annual personal income of 10000-35500 yuan had a higher outpatient rate than the > 35500 yuan income group (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.49, 4.36); the outpatient rate of silicosis patients was higher than that of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.23, 2.72); the outpatient rate of patients with clinically diagnosed cases (no classified stage of pneumoconiosis) was higher than that of patients with stage I pneumoconiosis (OR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.24, 4.31). Exacerbation of pneumoconiosis-related symptoms in past two weeks (OR=4.26, 95%CI: 2.89, 6.28), occupational injury insurance (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.80), and hospitalization in past one year (OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.41, 3.97) were the main factors influencing the outpatient health service utilization among patients of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis. Conclusion The outpatient rate of patients of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis is higher than that of patients of pneumoconiosis without tuberculosis. The utilization of outpatient services is related with disease factors and socio-economic security factors.

In order to improve the nutritional value and bio-availability of sheep bone enzymatic hydrolysates, we tried to ferment the hydrolysates with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to enhance free Ca²⁺, to generate oligopeptide and antioxidative activity. First, we isolated 7 LAB strains from commercial starters and selected Lactobacillus plantarum as the starter for its highest protease-producing ability. The content of released Ca²⁺ was evaluated when the fermenting conditions were optimized by the method of responsive surface design. When supplemented with 1% maltose and inoculated 4% L. plantarum, at initial pH 5.5 and 37 ℃ for 14 h, Ca²⁺ content in the hydrolysates increased significantly (P<0.05), as well as the generation oligopeptide (P<0.01), and the content of hydroxyproline (P<0.01). The count of L. plantarum in the fermented hydrolysates reached to 94.6×10⁸ CFU/mL. L. plantarum fermentation significantly enhanced the ability to scavenge free radicals DPPH, ·OH and O₂⁻· (P<0.01, P<0.05). Therefore, fermenting sheep bone hydrolysates by L. plantarum can increase free Ca²⁺, oligopeptide and antioxidative ability.