The development process of science and technical in the industry of assistive devices in China went with every stages of the standardization. The authors looked back the standardization history of the industry of assistive devices in China, emphatically introduced the recent development status and proposed the suggestion how to carry out the standardization in the near future.

Objective To investigate the antibiotic-resistant gene mecA and the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-Ⅰ) gene in S. aureus. Methods A total of 74 S. aureus were collected from clinical specimens. The mecA, PVL and TSST-Ⅰ genes were detected by PCR.Results PVL gene was identified in 22 S. aureus isolates. The prevalence of PVL was 29.7% in S. aureus, 36.6% in MRSA and 21.2% in MSSA. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of MRSA was 55.4% in 74 S. aureus. The prevalence of TSST-Ⅰ gene was 6.8%. TSST-Ⅰ gene was not detected in MSSA.Conclusions MRSA strains show highly resistant to antibiotics. PVL- and TSST-Ⅰ-positive S. aureus are more pathogenic.

Objective·To investigate the role and mechanism of CaMKKβ in RAW264.7 macrophage M2 polarization induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4).Methods·IL-4 induced RAW264.7 polarization was measured by RT-PCR and ELISA.Western blotting was used to analyze the total and phosphorylated protein levels of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 during polarization.A lentiviral vector carrying an shRNA targeting the CaMKKβ gene was successfully constructed.The expression of M1 and M2 markers and the expression of phosphorylated AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.The protein activity ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 were selectively blocked,and then the effect of IL-4 on macrophage polarization was detected by RT-PCR.Results·IL-4 significantly polarized RAW264.7 cells towards M2 macrophages (P＜0.05),and the phosphorylated protein expression of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 was significantly increased (all P＜0.05).The expression of M2 markers induced by IL-4 was decreased and the phosphorylation ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 was also decreased after knockdown of CaMKKβ by shRNA (all P＜0.05).The polarization of macrophages to M2 was decreased after the activities of AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 proteins were blocked respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusion·CaMKKβ promotes IL-4 induced M2 macrophage polarization via activation of AMPK/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To understand the feeling of mothers of children with osteogenesis imperfecta during the accompany of children's diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 20 mothers of children with osteogenesis imperfecta participated the semi-structured interview.The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method of phenomenology.Results Three themes were acquired including heavy psychological burden,facing multiple pressure and mother's support through analysis,reorganization and extraction of the subjects.Conclusions Mothers of children with osteogenesis imperfecta needed humanistic concern and emotional support.Nursers should adopted personalized care measures to improve their quality of life.

Objective To analysis clinical effect of Diyu Shengbai tablets combined with granulocyte colony stimulating factor on cancer related fatigue syndrome.Methods II-VI primary cancer 60 patients from January 2011 to December 2013 were admitted to department of internal medicine, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,and randomly divided into two groups.Control goup(n=30)were treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF).Experimental group(n=30)were treated with Diyu Shengbai tablets and G-CSF.Results After chemotherapy, ratio of patients in the experimental group appeared fatigue syndrome and changes in leukocyte was significantly lower than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Diyu Shengbai tablets combined with G-CSF have better clinical efficacy for leukopenia caused by tumor chemotherapy, the symptom of fatigue also can improve significantly.

Objective To determine the content of protocatechuic acid in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.Methods HPLC method was developed for the determination of protocatechuic acid in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.The separation was performed on C18 column with acetonitrile-water-orthophosphoric acid(8 ∶92 ∶0.1) as a mobile phase with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm.Results A satisfactory separation between protocatechuic acid and impurity was obtained.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.020～2.008 ug,r=0.999 9.The average recovery was 98 %,and RSD was 0.1 %(n=5).Conclusion The method is accurate and can be used for the detemrmination of protocatechuic acid in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.

AIM: To clone and express the gene of SLC24A6, which provide the basis to illuminate the relationship between the SLC24A6 and insulin release. METHODS: The gene expression of SLC24A6 was analyzed in the insulinoma and normal pancreatic tissues by RT-PCR. The full-length cDNA sequence was subcloned into pET32a vector, and induced expression and purified in ROSSET (DE3) strain. At the same time, the ORF of SLC24A6 was cloned into green fluorescence protein vector pEGFP-C3 to study the location of SLC24A6 in the mouse insulinoma ?-TC3 cells. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of SLC24A6 in the human insulinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissue. The fusion protein of SLC24A6 was a 80 kD protein and was purified successfully by prokaryotic vector in ROSSET strain. The localization of SLC24A6 in the mouse insulinoma ?-TC3 cells was located in the membrane of the cells. CONCLUSION: SLC24A6 might be related with insulin release. The prokaryotic expression of SLC24A6 provides the basis for the study on biological function and protein structure, and the location of SLC24A6 in the insulinoma cell will throw light on the relationship with insulin release.

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods HP-1 cells were induced into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and were treated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) to establish the THP-1 macrophage derived foam cell models. Foam cells were divided into blank control group and berberine (5 to 20 μmol/L) treatment groups according to the way of treatment and berberine concentrations. After treatment for 24 h, flow cytometry was employed to detect AcLDL aggregation, enzymic method was adopted to detect contents of cholesterol and triglyceride, scintillation counting technique was used to detect cholesterol efflux, and effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662 pretreatment on cholesterol efflux (pioglitazone as positive control) were analysed. Besides, RT-PCR was applied to detect expression of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA. ResultsCompared with blank control group, AcLDL aggregation and contents of cholesterol and triglyceride of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups decreased significantly (P＜0.01), while cholesterol efflux increased (P＜0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. After GW9662 pretreatment, there was no significant difference in cholesterol efflux between various berberine treatment groups and control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups was higher than that in blank control group. Conclusion Berberine may increase cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with activation of PPARγ pathway and increase of expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the biological characteristics and the expres-sion of stromlysin (MMP-7) and microvessel density (MVD) in breast cancer tissue and the effect of MMP-7 on MVD of breast cancer. Methods 60 fresh samples were obtained from patients with breast cancer,and then the ex-pression of MMP-7 and vascular endothelial cell CD34 were studied by means of immunohistochemical assay (SP method). The relationship between MMP-7, MVD and age, tumor size, histological type, lymph node metastasis and expression of ER, PR, PCNA, p53 and CerbB2 was studied. The relationship between the biological characteristics and the expression of MMP-7 and MVD in breast cancer were evaluated. Results The positive expression rote of MMP-7 in the d>2 cm group,the group with lymph node metastasis,the group with positive expression of PCNA, p53 and C-erbB-2 (78.1%,74.2%,71.8%,67.6% and 72.2%)were all higher than that in the d≤2 cm group, the group without lymph node metastasis,the group without positive expression of PCNA,p53 and C-erbB-2(32.1%, 41.3%,38.1%,38.5% and 33.3%) (P<0.05). MVD was higher in the positive breast cancer tissue of the group of d>2 cm(34.61±6.97), the group with lymph node metastasis (34.37±7.50), PCNA ( 33.24±8.39), p53 (33.28±8.94), C-erbB-2 (33.55±8.57) than in the negative breast cancer tissue of the d≤2 cm group ( 28.60±9.82), the group without lymph node metastasis (27.48±8.66), PCNA (26.88±7.89), p53 (21.71± 7.59),C-erbB-2(27.42±27.69) (P<0.05). MVD(33.62±7.36)/ high power lens in the MMP-7 positive group was higher than that (27.86±9.45)/high power lens in the MMP-7 of negative group(P<0.05). The posi-tive expression of MMP-7 was correlated with MVD (r=0.380, P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of MMP-7 and MVD is associated with the development and metastasis of breast cancer. MMP-7 could promote the mi-crovessel development in mammary cancer.

Objective To analyze the serum inflammation related factors of influenza A ( induced by sub-type H1N1 virus) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome and warm-heat syndrome. Results Fifty-six patients confirmed as influenza A ( H1N1) were differentiated into epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome ( 36 cases) and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome (20 cases) . And then we observed the serum immune globulins IgM and IgG, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), lipolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels of the influenza A patients. Results Insignificant differences of serum IgM, IgG, IL-8, TNF-ɑand TGF-β1 levels were shown between epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome patients and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome patients (P>0.05), but the differences of LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 were significant (P<0.05) .Conclusion Influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome have higher serum LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 levels than patients with epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome, indicating that inflammatory reaction is severer in influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome.