Objective To investigate the clinical application of Carba NP test in detecting carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.Methods Routine method was adopted to identify the 51 strains from clinical isolates and K-B test was conducted to screen out the carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae and detect antimicrobial susceptibility.E-test was used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of carbapenems.Modified Hodge test (MHT)and Carba NPⅠ test were used to screen out the phenotypes of carbapenemase,respectively. Then Carba NPⅡ test was used to classify carbapenemase which were positive in Carba NP I test.E-test was used for the detection of metalloenzymes.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was used for the detection of resistance genes. Results Totally 41 strains were positive in Carba NP 1 test and classified as B-class by Carba NPⅡ test.They were positive in metalloenzyme by E-test and carried NDM-1 gene by PCR.Conclusion Carba NP test can be used conveniently,has high consistency with PCR method,and the result is easy to determine.Therefore,it can be used as a routine laboratory method.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypnosis of the combination of propofol and ketamine. Two hundred healthy Kunming mites were randomly divided into five groups, and each groups included five subgroups receiving five designed doses in turn. Propofol or ketamine was administered in traperitoneally or subcutanously. The combination of propofol and ketamine was given in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and propofol or ketamine in group Ⅰ or Ⅴ. The abolition of righting reflex lasting 10 seconds served as the parameter for hypnosis The data were treated with algebraic analysis. When the dose ratios of ketamine to propofol were 1 : 1.32, 1 : 5.28 and 1 : 0.33, the combined ED_(50) values were much more lower than those of the theoretical additive ED_(50). The sums of ratios of combined ED_(50) to single ED_(50) were less than 1.0. It is concluded that there is a hypnotic synergism between propofol and ketamine in mice

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Objective To study the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in 2006 -2011 ,and to provide the evidence for treatment infection .Methods The isolated bacteria were identified and antibiotic sensitivity were tested by automated system in 503 Staphylococcus aureus collected from 2006 to 2011 .Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was screened by oxacillin disk diffusion .Results 503 strains mainly derived from secretion and sputum .The incidence of MRSA was 44 .9% during 6 years . Detection rate of MRSA was decreased year by year .The difference was statistically significant between 2009 ,2010 ,2011 and 2006 , 2007 ,2008(P<0 .05) .No resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin ,linezoiid ,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was found .The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was below 30% to levofloxacin ,imipenem ,compound sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin ,above 80% to ce-fazolin and penicillin .Although the resistant to cefazolin ,levofloxacin ,imipenem was risen ,the resistant rate of rest antibiotics was downed year after year .Conclusion Monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened .The antimicrobial therapy should be de-fined on the basis of drug-sensitive test in order to control the incidence of infection and to delay the growth of clinical resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus .

Objective:To screen the optimal formula and technology of demethoxycurcumin nano-structured lipid carriers. Meth-ods:The encapsulation efficiency as the main investigation index, the single factor exploration and orthogonal design were used to study the main factors affecting the quality of the nanoparticles. The optimal formula and technology were obtained. Results:The optimized parameters were as follows:the ratio of drug to lipid materials was 1 ∶40, the ratio of liquid lipid to total lipid materials was 10%, the amount of surfactants was 4% and the amount of lecithin was 2%. The prepared nanoparticles were spheric and regular. The size dis-tribution of the nanoparticles was narrow with the average particle size of 110nm and PDI of 0. 199. Conclusion:The optimized formula and technology of demethoxycurcumin nano-structured lipid carriers are stable and practicable,which provide reference for the further research of demethoxycurcumin.

Objective: To study the acceptable limitation of acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANHD) and its compensatory mechanisms in non-cardiac surgery. Method: In forty adults ASA classⅠ-Ⅱpatients undergoing non-cardiac surgery under general,anesthetic at normal body temperature ANHD was accomplished by exchanging whole blood for 4％ Gelofusine,The Hemotocrit (Hct) were hemodiluted approximately to 28％ (HD_1) preoperatively. Further hemodilution(HD_2,HD_3) was achieved due to intraoperative blood loss which was replaced by 4％ Gelofusine,Arterial and mixed venous blood gases,Plasma lactic acid(LA) were measured, Hemodynamic variables were determined using the thermodilution technique, Oxygen delivery/consumption (DO_2/VO_2) and oxygen extraction ratio (ERO_2)were calculated using standard formula. Results: (1)During the HD_1 (Hct29.16?1.31％ ),and HD_2 (Hct25.34％?1.58％), DO_2 decreased by 14％ and 20％, ERO_2 increased by 14％ and 25％, cardiac index (CI) increased by 9.9％ and 24％ ,respectively,(P

Objective To determine the triterpenoid content in Loquat leaf by using HPLC method and to explore the feasibility of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid as the quantitative markers for determination of Loquat leaf and its preparations.Methods Two desugaring methods of Loquat leaf extracts were compared.The contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Loquat leaf as well as preparations were measured based on a system of HPLC,with a Dumas Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used as analytical column.The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (95∶5) with the flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃,the injection volume was 10 μL, the detective wavelength was 210 nm.Results Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were measured in both Loquat leaf and its preparations,and their contents were fairy stable and comparable.Conclusion Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid can be served as quantitative markers for the determination of Loquat leaf and its preparations.

Objective To study the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver injury of acute liver failure (ALF) in rats and the role of PD-1/ PD-L1 in liver inflammatory injury. Methods SD rats were divided into two groups: 6 in normal group and 30 in ALF model group. The ALF models in rats were induced by D-galactosamine (D-Gal). The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after D-Gal injection. Expressions of PD-1 mRNA and PD-L1 mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparison of measurement data between groups was done by t test. Correlation test was performed using Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results The levels of alanine animotransferase (ALT) and aspartate animotransferase (AST) at 12 h of D-Gal injection were (217. 3±33. 7) U/L and (397. 2± 101.3) U/L, respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group [(30. 5 ±3. 1) U/L and (78. 6±4.2) U/L, respectively; t=-8. 921 and -6. 121, respectively; both P＜0.01] and peaked at 48 h.The expression of PD-1 mRNA in model group at 12 h (0. 385±0. 074) was significantly higher than that in normal group (0. 097±0.009) (t= -7. 725, P＜0.01) , and peaked at 48 h (0. 927±0. 132),then decreased obviously at 72 h. The expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the liver tissue of normal rats was very little, while that in model group was increased gradually over time, then peaked at 48 h (0. 593±0. 105; t =- 10. 076, P＜0. 01). The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were positively correlated with ALT level (r=0. 807 and 0. 792, respectively; both P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 may play an important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure.

Objective To compare and analyze the influencing factors of the distribution and drug resistance of blood culture positive pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at different altitude areas.Methods The distribution of blood culture positive pathogens and clinical susceptibility of children in NICU of two different altitude hospitals in 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 2015,children in NICU in upper elevation district hospital mainly infected with 19 strains(18.4％) of epidermis staphylococcus,18 strains(17.5 ％) of Escherichia coli,14 strains(13.6 ％) of Klebsiella pneumoniae,14 strains(13.6 ％) of Hemolysis staphylococcus,12 strains(11.7 ％) of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia;Children in NICU at low altitude hospital mainly infected with 31 strains(19.7％) of epidermis staphylococcus,27 strains(17.2％) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans,18 strains(11.5％) of Hemolysis staphylococcus,14 strains(8.9 ％) of Klebsiella pneumoniae,14 strains (8.9 ％) of Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rate of Gram-negative bacilli in high altitude hospital was higher,and the detection rate of Gram positive cocci in low altitude hospital was higher.In high-altitude district hospital,the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs),and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MDRAB) were than low altitude hospital.Conclusion Escherichia coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia detection rate and common antibiotics sensitive rate are relatively high at upper elevation areas;Detection rate of coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus and common antibiotics resistance rate are high in low altitude.Different altitudes environmental factors may play an important role in pathogens distribution and drug resistance from NICU blood culture.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of simvastatin on the level of serum adiponectin and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients with acute stroke.MethodsNinety patients with acute stroke were selected and divided by random digits table method into common treatment group and intervention treatment group with 45 cases each.The volume of cerebral infarction and the evaluation score of clinical neurological impairment degree were calculated.The levels of serum adiponectin and ADMA before and after treatment were detected by erzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The changes of serum adiponectin and ADMA before and after treatment in two groups were compared and their correlations with the volume of cerebral infarction and the evaluation score of clinical neurological impairment degree were analyzed.Results The level of serum adiponectin and ADMA in two groups before treatment had no statistical differences (P ＞ 0.05 ).The levels of serum adiponectin in two groups after treatment increased and ADMA decreased significantly,which had significant differences compared with those before treatment ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The level ofserum adiponectin in intervention treatment group was significantly higher than that in common treatment group and ADMA was obviously lower than that in common treatment group after treatment [(5.92 ± 0.15)mg/L vs.( 4.51 ± 0.13 ) mg/L,( 0.96 ± 0.13 ) μ mol/L vs.( 1.08 ± 0.15 ) μ mol/L ] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum adiponectin before treatment was negatively correlated with the volume of cerebral infarction and the evaluation score of clinical neurological impairment degree ( r ＝ -0.75,-0.59,P ＜ 0.05).The level of ADMA before treatment was positively correlated with the volume of cerebral infarction and the evaluation score of clinical neurological impairment degree ( r =0.68,0.71,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Simvastatin can increase the level of serurm adiponectin and decrease the level of ADMA efficiently in patients with acute stroke,and improve the prognosis of the patients.