With regard to the traditional processing of pilose antler, two big companies of Chinese Medicine decoction pieces and one private patrimonial TCM clinic were investigated. The result indicates that the processing techniques in these three regions can be found in the ancient books of TCM and belong to the traditional processing of Chinese Medicine, but the processing procedures are different. On the basis of that, starting with the different manifestation forms of regional culture, the author discusses the effect of regional culture on the traditional processing of Chinese Medicine. The research indicates that, different geographical nature environments result in the three specific aspects, which are the specific resources and products, the specific historical culture, and the specific characters. These three specific aspects result in different tools, conventional supplementary materials and techniques of processing, and on the basis of this, different traditional processing schools of Chinese Medicine come into being with different characteristics. Therefore, to protect the traditional processing of Chinese Medicine in different regions has important significance to supplement the deficiencies in Pharmacopoeia of PRC (2010 edition) and the TCM processing standards of different provinces and municipalities, and to bequeath and develop the different characteristics of different processing schools, and it's a full embodiment to carry out the core spirit of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Law.

This paper reviewed the award of the title for senior professional post from four aspects: changing process of the technical post title enforcement efficiency, characteristic and problem, in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in recent eight years. It was indicated that the new evaluation of high ranking professional title played a rule in inspiring and leading effect on the teaching and research of the hos-pital.

Objective To survey the non-intellectual factors, motivation of nurses on the impact of nursing health education. Methods 575 cases of nurses were investigated using a serf-designed questionnaire with reference to a lot of recent related articles. Results The mean motivation score of health education was 23.82. Most nurses were still not have a systematic understanding of nursing health education from the aspect of motivation. Conclusions In order to ensure effective implementation of nursing health education, various measures and methods should be adopted to improve nurses' systematic understanding of the content and the purpose of nursing health education.

Objective To survey the difference of measurement results between axillary temperature measurement used in clinic and standardized axillary temperature measurement in textbooks. Methods For the same patients and in the nearest time interval, the two methods mentioned above were used to mea-sure the axillary temperature. Totally 782 patients were measured. Results There was no statistical sig-nificance between the measuring results of the two methods. Conclusions Axillary temperature measure-ment used in clinic should be standardized so that more scientific data will be got,effective operation and humanized service can be realized.

Not only does autophagy play a vital role in maintaining kidney cell survival and homeostasis,but al-so it is involved in the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy was ac-tivated in kidney cells during acute kidney injury and its regulatory mechanism was unclear. Autophagy activation in kidney may be associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, p53 and Bcl-2 family. The role of autophagy in acute kidney injury is still controversial. Most believe that it plays a protective role during acute kidney injury. Therefore autophagy will become a novel and potential target for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.

National Outline Program for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development (2010 -2020) points out the importance of cultivating the ‘excellent physicians' and the idea of ‘ constructing high-qualified and high-leveled clinical faculty is at the top priority' was put forward clearly at the ‘ working conference of the national mdical education reform' sponsored by both the ministry of education and the ministry of health.From the perspective of constructing clinical faculty adaptable to the new situation,this essay explored the importance of constructing clinical faculty under the new situation of medical education reform,summarized the achievements and experiences in the general hospital of Tianjn medical university and proposed some suggestions.

Objective To analyze hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection stage in single nucleic acid test(NAT)reactive blood donors.Methods Blood donor samples were screened routinely for HBV DNA by using transcription-mediated amplification(TMA) NAT and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Then serum markers of HBV were also detected.The HBV infection stage was analyzed.Results Among the 225 single NAT reactive samples,78(34.67%) were identified to be reactive for HBV DNA by TMA NAT discrimination test and/or PCR test,of which 63(82.89%) were occult HBV infection(OBI),13(17.11%) were probably window period infection(pWP),and 2 cases could not be classified for infection stage.Among the OBI samples,49 samples(77.78%) were with HBV DNA concentration less than 20 IU/mL,whereas,there were only 4 samples(30.77%) in pWP samples.The 225 samples were classified into three groups according to the S/CO of NAT, including 1-<6 group,6-<10 group and 10-17 group, the confirmed HBV DNA positive rates of which were 13.11%,13.64% and 47.18%,and the positive rate of 10-17 group was higher than 1-<6 group and 6-<10 group(P<0.05).In all 63 OBI samples,there were 8(12.70%),3(4.76%) and 52(82.54%) samples were classified into S/CO 1-<6,6-<10 and 10-17,respectively.All of the 13 pWP samples were with NAT S/CO of 10-17.Conclusion Part of single NAT reactive blood donors could be with HBV infection,of which OBI might be popular than pWP, with very low concentration of HBV DNA.Deferral of single NAT reactive blood donors could reduce transfusion-transmitted HBV infection.

Objective To establish a near‐infrared fluorescent dye‐immunomagnetic beads coupling method for quantitative de‐tection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigenic target‐6(ESAT‐6) .Methods Near‐infrared fluorescent dye ,dylight 800 ,was used to mark ESTA‐6‐targeting monoclonal antibodies ,and the surface of nano‐magnetic beads were coated with ESAT‐6‐targeting polyclonal antibodies .Double antibody sandwich method was used for magnetic separation of conjugates and dissociants . Portable high‐sensitivity and low‐noise excitation fluorescence detector was used to detect the intensity of magnetic combination ,so as to test the ESAT‐6 content in test samples .Results The detecting linear range of this method was 2 .4-750 .0 ng/mL ,and the minimum detection limit was 0 .48 ng/mL .The recovery rate was 96% at a concentration of 10 ng/mL ,and at a concentration of 50 ng/mL the recovery rate was 95% .The between‐run coefficient of variation(CV)value was 5 .8% ,and the within‐run CV value was 4 .3% .The specificity and sensitivity of this method for detecting ESAT‐6 in clinical pleural effusion samples were 80% and 95% , respectively .Conclusion This method might have wide linear range ,high sensitivity and good stability in the detection of ESAT‐6 .

Objective Adenosine receptor agonist NECA has a certain myocardial protection, but the specific mechanism is not clear.This paper aimed to study the effect and mechanism of NECA inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress to against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 56 Wistar rats of SPF grade were selected and divided into Sham group, I/R group, NECA group and TUDCA group through random number table method.We established the isolated rat heart ischemia reperfusion model by using the Langendorff device.Sham group: heart threaded but not ligated, Kerb-Henseleit buffer continuous infusion 170min;I/R group: heart stability 20min, ischemia 30min, reperfusion 2h;NECA group and TUDCA group: heart stability 20min, ischemia 30min, reperfusion 2h, perfusion solutions containing 0.1μmol/L NECA and 30μmol/L TUDCA were respectively given at 5min before reperfusion, and ended at 30min after reperfusion.Transmission electron microscope was used to evaluate alterations of the myocardial ultrastructures.Western blot analysis was used to detected the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress IREl-XBPl signaling pathway marker protein IRE1α, XBP1s.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of IRE1α.Results The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that most of the myofilament ruptured, sarcomere contracture deformation, visible mitochondrial vacuoles degeneration in I/R group, and injury in NECA group and TUDCA group were less than the I/R group, appeared as the filaments arranged more neat, sarcoma only had mild contracture.Immunohistochemical results showed that IRE1αpositive staining was not found in the sham group, and the area of positive staining of IRE1α in I/R group was significantly increased, while the NECA group and TUDCA group were significantly decreased.Compared to the Sham group, the expression level of IRE1α and XBP1s was significantly increased in I/R group(P<0.05);but compared with the expression level of IREα and XBP1s in I/R group(1.72±0.27, 0.97±0.19), the NECA group(1.14±0.16, 0.6±0.13) and the TUDCA(1.07±0.27, 0.58±0.15) group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion NECA can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting IREl-XBPl pathway to protect the myocardium.

Objective To study the protective effects of nitroxides against hu man keratinocytes oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and its possible mechanisms. Methods Normal human keratinocyte cultures obtained from foreskin were served as test-system. Human keratinocytes were cultured in human keratinocytes growth m edia (KGM) without serum and supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L Ca2+. Experiments wer e performed in culture when the cells grew to fuse. Oxidative damage was induced by adding H2O2 directly to the culture media at different concentrations in the present and absence of nitroxides [(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPO) a nd 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPOL)]. The cell viability w as monitored and the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activ ities of glutathione-peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catal ase were evaluated. Results ①H2O2 could cause damage to human keratinocytes dir ectly. There was a significantly negative correlation between H2O2 concentration and cell viability. ②The level of GSH in keratinocytes lowered with treatment of H2O2. The activities of GSH-Px, SOD and catalase decreased. ③Pretreatment o f the cells with TEMPO and TEMPOL inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2 on cell viability and on cell antioxidant enzymatic systems. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that nitroxides may provide protection for cultured human kera tinocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. It is proposed that the effec ts of nitroxides against cell oxidative damage be related to their protection of cellular enzymatic activities and maintaining cellular antioxidant systems.