The aperture and its distribution have remarkable influence on permeation behavior,infiltration rate and filtration character of porous bodies.In this paper,the methods in common use for determining the aperture and its distribution of porous materials are introduced,including the direct observation from cross-section,the gas-bubble method,the permeation method,the mercury method,the gas-adsorption method,the liquid-liquid method,the suspension-filtration method,the X-ray small-angle scattering method,etc.And several measuring methods are compared with one another.Considering the complexity of apertures and various influence factors in the determining of aperture,it is important to determine the proper method according to the structure characteristic of the material,moreover,the test error must be considered.

BACKGROUND: Multilevel cervical disc herniation accompanying ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can seriously hurt the spinal cord. Which way of operative approach is more preferable is still uncertain. Whether one-stage combined anterior and posterior operation can achieve better effects remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of one-stage anterior and posterior operation for the treatment of multilevel cervical disc herniation accompanying OPLLMETHODS: Seventeen patients with multilevel cervical disc herniation and OPLL were treated by one-stage anterior and posterior operation at the Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, were selected, including 11 males and 6 females, aged 42-74 years,mean aged 51.5 years. X-ray film, CT or MRI before operation showed the cervical cord was compressed by the multilevel herniated cervical discs or the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. The stability and fusion of the injured segments were observed by regular postoperative X-ray film.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were received a 6-36 months follow-up (24.5 months on average). The postoperative JOA scores were (12.88±2.47) points, which was greater than that of preoperatively [(6.41±1.28) points, P<0.05]. The improvement-rate of the spinal function after 6 months included 5 excellent cases, 7 good cases, and 4 fair cases. The excellent-good rate was 71%. All the patients got completely reduction, and all grafts got fused at 3-4 months after operation. The cervical intervertebral height and lordosis were satisfied maintained and there was no complication related to internal fixation breakage, loosening or displacement. It suggested that one-stage anterior and posterior operation can provide satisfied decompression earlier and rebuild the spinal stability in time, which is a safe and effective surgical intervention for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanying OPLL.

Objective To investigate the minimal invasive management of cystitis glandularis with invasion of the ureteric meatus.Methods The clinical data of 18 cases were reviewed.Among the 18 cystitis glandularis patients,12 cases were invasion of bilateral ureteric meatus and 6 of unilateral ureteric meatus.Operation or drug treatment was performed on the diseases that can cause cystitis glandularis such as bladder stone,bladder neck stegnosis,external urethral meatus stegnosis and benign prostate hyperplasia.Sensitive antibiotic was administrated in all cases.After placing ureter catheter,transurethral plasma electro-resection was carried out in five patients whose ureteric meatus could be identified.In addition,of thirteen patients with ureteral orifice unable to be identified,there were ten cases with normal renal function,mitomycin was injected under affected membrana mucosa,and then the patient with ureteral orifice identified underwent transurethral plasma electro-resection after placing ureter catheter.On the other hand,the patient whose ureteral orifice still could not be recognized undertaken transurethral electro-resection at first,during which the ureter catheter was put once ureteral orifice had been detected,otherwise,the ureter catheter should be placed through cystoscope if nephritic colic emerged and hydronephrosis aggravated after operation.In those patients with kidney dysfunction,the ureter catheter was put by ureter discission or ureter replantation at first,the transurethral electro-resection could not be executed until the renal function recovered.Following all these procedure above,bladder instillation of drugs regularly,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment were administrated.Results One patient combined with bladder adenocarcinoma received cystectomy,of the other patients,six cases recurred and underwent electrotomy again resulting in no relapse.All nephrohydrops vanished or relieved obviously,nevertheless,urinary tract infection,haematuria and bladder-ureter backstreaming as the cardinal complication developed in some cases.Conclusion In the management of cystitis glandularis encroaching ureteric meatus,total or partial cystectomy can be avoided if ureter draining freely can be ensured,motivation removal,antiinfection,injection of drug under mucosa and preoperative diuresis conduce to the achievement of ureter catheter placing,transurethral plasma electro-resection is still effective methods in treating these cystitis glandularis.

Objective To investigate the expression of a dismtegnn and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM12) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human bladder carcinoma,and to explore their correlation with different grades and stages of bladder cancer.Methods Biopsies of 12 normal bladder and 43 bladder tumors were performed.And immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of ADAM12 and PCNA in the biopsies.Results Positive expression signals of ADAM12 were detected significantly higher inthe bladder cancer biopsies than that in the normal ones (Z =4.879,P ＜ 0.05),and the expression level of ADAM-12 in lower histological grade was significantly higher than that in the moderate and higher histological grades (x2 =22.3685,P ＜ 0.01).Positive expression signals of PCNA were detected significantly higher in the bladder cancer biopsies than that in the normal ones (Z =4.879,P ＜ 0.05)).Those with lower histological grade had a higher expression level of PCNA when compared with the moderate and higher histological grades (x2 =10.665,P =0.0137).The expression of ADAM-12 was positively correlated with PCNA in bladder cancer (r =1.000,P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusion The over expression of ADAM12 and PCNA maybe play an important role in development of the bladder tumors.And ADAM12 may be a promising biomarker of bladder cancer in the clinical behavior.

Objective To investigate the expression of adamalysin-12 (ADAM-12) and PCNA in human bladder carcinoma and to investigate their correlation with different grades and stages of bladder cancer.Methods Biopsies of 15 normal bladder and 43 bladder tumors were analyzed.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of ADAM12 and PCNA in the biopsies.Results Postive expression signals of ADAM12 were detected significantly higher in the bladder cancer biopsies than that in the normal ones (P = 0.010).Those with lower histological grade had a higher expression level of ADAM-12 compared to the higher histological grades (P ＜0.001 ).Positive expression signals of PCNA were detected significantly higher in the bladder cancer biopsies than that in the normal ones (P = 0.026).Those with lower histological grade had a higher expression level of PCNA (P =0.014).There was a positive correlation between the expression of ADAM-12 and PCNA in bladder cancer (r =0.997,P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions The overexpression of ADAM-12 and PCNA in the biopsies of bladder tumors shows that protein expression of ADAM-12 and PCNA correlated with tumor stage and grade.Furthermore,ADAM-12 may be a promising biomarker of bladder cancer in the clinical implication.

Objective To study the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsA total of 300 SCI patients from six institutions were divided into a research group and a control group. Systematic rehabilitation was given to the patients of the control group, while systematic rehabilitation and REBT were given to the patients of the research group. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Psychological state, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated with a symptom check list (SCL-90), a modified version of the Barthel index (MBI) and the World Health Organization's quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-100).ResultsOne year after treatment, the improvement in QOL of patients in the research group was better, on average, than that in the control group. The differences were primarily in mental items. The ADL ability of patients in both groups improved, and any differences were not significant. The psychological state of patients in the research group had improved significantly 1 year after treatment, while the improvements in the control group were not significant on average, except in terms of interpersonal sensitivity.ConclusionREBT had little effect on the ADL ability of SCI patients, however, it improved their psychological state significantly, and thus improved their QOL.

Objective To compare the effects of different anesthesia techniques on early prognosis in patients undergoing hip joint replacement. Methods The demographic, preoperative and postoperative data of 478 patients, aged 18-95 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅳ, who underwent elective unilateral hip joint replacement in Tongji Hospital from May 2014 to December 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into general anesthesia group (group GA, n=197), peripheral nerve block group ( group PNB, n=147) and peripheral nerve block combined with general an-esthesia group ( group PNB+GA, n=134) . The amount of crystalloid solution and colloid solution infused, consumption of sufentanil and requirement for vasoactive agents were recorded during operation. The dura-tion of anesthetic recovery room stay, length of hospital stay before and after operation and total length of hospital stay were recorded. The development of complications within 48 h after operation, therapy after ad-mission to intensive care unit and in-hospital fatality were also recorded. Results Compared with group GA, the intraoperative consumption of sufentanil was significantly decreased in group PNB+GA, and the a-mount of crystalloid solution infused, urine output, consumption of sufentanil, requirement for vasoactive agents and incidence of postoperative hypoxemia, pulmonary infection and acute cerebral infarction were significantly decreased in group PNB+GA ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group PNB+GA, the consumption of sufentanil, requirement for vasoactive agents and incidence of postoperative hypoxemia, pulmonary infec-tion and acute cerebral infarction were significantly decreased in group PNB (P<0. 05). Conclusion Compared with general anesthesia or with peripheral nerve block-general anesthesia, peripheral nerve block is more helpful in improving early prognosis in patients undergoing hip joint replacement.

Objective:To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma(G-NEC)and gastric mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma(G-MANEC).Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 67 patients with G-NEC and G-MANEC who underwent surgical treatment at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from May 2015 to May 2023.The study included an analysis of the pathological characteristics distinguishing G-NEC from G-MANEC.Results:Com-pared to gastric adenocarcinoma,patients with G-NEC and G-MANEC in the stomach showed a higher incidence of gastric cancer in the male gastric cardia and were diagnosed at a later age.Tumors with larger diameters increase susceptibility to anemia,low albumin levels,and in-vasion of nerves and vasculature.Deeper tumor infiltration is associated with increased local lymph node metastases,later TNM staging,and a higher likelihood of distant metastasis post-surgery.The prognosis of G-NEC and G-MANEC is worse than that of gastric adenocarcinoma(P=0.001).However,there is no statistically significant difference in the pathological characteristics(P>0.05)and prognosis analysis(P=0.212)between G-NEC and G-MANEC.Univariate survival analysis identified age,preoperative albumin,preoperative CEA,number of lymph node metastases,TNM staging,and postoperative distant metastasis as risk factors affecting patient's overall survival(OS).In the multivariate ana-lysis,age,preoperative albumin,TNM staging,and postoperative distant metastasiswere identified as independent risk factors for OS.Con-clusions:There is a significant difference in clinical characteristics between G-NEC,G-MANEC,and gastric adenocarcinoma,often diagnosed at an advanced stage,which is prone to distant metastasis post-surgery.Poor prognosis is observed in patients aged over 60 years,with pre-operative albumin<40g/L,TNM stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ,and postoperative distant metastasis.