Objective To investigate the application of fundamental cause in the preparation of surgical instruments.Methods The fundamental cause analysis method was used to analyze the situations of improper preparation of surgical instruments in the operation room to analyze the fundamental causes and work out countermeasures.The preparation of surgical instruments before and after the implementation was compared.Result The qualification rate of surgical instruments increased from 96.0％ before the implementation to 98.6％ after the implementation,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.001).Conclusion The fundamental cause analysis can help the operation room to find out the problems in the surgical equipment preparation process so as to improve the working procedures and the qualification rate of prepared surgical instruments.

Objective:To develop a pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients and test its reliability and validity.Methods:From October 2017 to December 2018, the evaluation items for the pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients were formulate by combining domestic and foreign literature studies and retrospective analysis of cases. The pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients was developed through expert consultation. The scale was used to evaluate the surgical pressure injury risk of 400 surgical patients in 4 Class Ⅲ Grade A general hospitals in Guangdong Province to verify its reliability and validity.Results:Totally 39 experts participated in 3 rounds of consultation, and the mean of expert authority coefficient was 0.88. Finally, an assessment scale with 13 evaluation items was formulated, with a total score of 14 to 44. The higher the score, the higher the risk of surgery-related pressure injury. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.68, and the corrected Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.73 with a split-half reliability of 0.72. The inter-rater reliability was 0.985, and the scale-level CVI ( S- CVI) was 0.94. Conclusions:The risk assessment items for pressure injury of surgical patients constructed in this study can be quantified and have strong objectivity, good reliability and validity, which can reduce the bias caused by the subjective factors of the measurer, are suitable for pressure injury risk assessment in clinical surgical patients.