OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effect and cost-effectiveness ratio between chuanhuning and rib?avirin in treatment of viral pneumonia.METHODS:63patients with viral pneumonia were divided into chuanhuning and rib?avirin groups and pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In treating viral pneumonia,there is a great disparity in price between chuanhuning and ribavirin,however,the costs of two groups were very close,and so were the cost-effectiveness ratios.Chuanhuning is better than ribavirin in paying.

The specific primers and Taqman probe were designed and synthesized according to the UL31 gene sequence available in GenBank(EF417996).The fragment is 76 bp.A Taq Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was established for detection of Duck Plague Virus DNA based on DNA copy obtained from attenuated vaccine strain as a positive template.The sensitivity of the test for DEV is 2.1 × 100-2.1 × 109 copies.The minimum detection limit is 2.1 copies(2.1 fg).Tissues,excrement and blood of 4 ducks challenged with DEV were detected repeatly 3 times by this method.All results were positive (3/3).The specificity of the assay was proven based on no amplification by detecting DNA from normal duck cells,duck viral hepatitis virus,Pasteurella,E.coli,S.gall inarum,Newcastle disease virus,goosling plague virus et ai.The whole process of the test could be completed within 4 hours.It brings about quantification detection of DEV DNA.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the clinical research on the optimized therapeutic regimen in the treatment of cerebral infarction. METHODS:The medication information of 1 738 cases cerebral infarction patients in 8 tertiary grade A hospitals in Shandong province between January 2003 and January 2005 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The majority cases were administered with dehydrants,thrombolytic,drugs that could prevent platelet from aggregation,improve cerebral circulation and cerebral metabolism,meanwhile,they were given the combined treatment,chiefly the supporting treatment,the cure rate and improvement rate were 92.69%,the mortality was 3.45%,automatic (without cure)hospital discharge rate was 2.42%,the medication was rational. CONCLUSION:Multi-application,long course of treatment,high prices,heavy economical burden were often the cases in the treatment of cerebral infarction. It is essential to conduct pharmacoeconomics study so as to the lessen patients' economical burden and obtain an optimized therapeutic regime.

Objective: To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator actived receptor ? (PPAR ?)and the inducement of apoptosis by PPAR ? ligand in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) derived cell lines.Methods:RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determined the expression of PPAR ? mRNA and protein in two RCC derived cell lines(786 O and A498) and two normal kidney(NK) derived cell lines(HK 2 and HMCC). Two RCC cell lines were treated with 50 ?mol/L troglitazoned for and evaluated for the effects of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on the cells apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and DNA ladder assay.The mutative expressions of Bcl 2 and Bax before and after TZDs treatment were also performed by western blot analysis. Results: The expression of PPAR ? was observed to be stronger in 786 O and A498 cells than in HK 2 and HMCC cells by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Treated with 50 ?mol/L troglitazone (for 48 h) it induced typical apoatosis in 786 O and A498 cells. After treatment, a decrease in Bcl 2 expression in RCC cells was observed by Western blot analysis,and the expression of Bax,however,was up regulated.Conclusion: The results reveal that troglitazone has the tumor suppressive effect on RCC cells. High affinity PPAR ? ligands (TZDs) may be the candidates for a novel approach to the treatment of this refractory neoplasm.

Objective To prepare a thermosensitive in situ gel system containing berberine hydrochloride for ocular use. Methods The in situ thermosensitive gel system of berberine hydrochloride was prepared by Poloxamer 407 (P407) and Poloxamer 188 (P188) as thermosensitive materials,the formulation was optimized by determining solution-gelation conversion temperature by using stirring method. The content of berberine hydrochloride was determined by HPLC. Results The gelation temperature of in situ thermosensitive gel containing berberine hydrochloride formulations lowered as the P407 concentration increased,as the P188 concentration increased gradually the gelation temperature initially increased to maximum and then decreased. The gelation temperature all increased after simulated tear fluid (STF) dilution. The fitted equation was established for the gelation temperature with the concentration of Poloxamer solutions after diluted by STF. An optimized formulation by Design-Expert software was freely flowing liquid at 29.7 ℃ and convert to a firm gel at 34.5 ℃ after STF diluted. Conclusion In situ thermosensitve gel system complies with the requirement for ophthalmic application and shows great potential in ocular application.

Objective To evaluate the value of 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative T staging of potentially resectable esophageal cancer(EC), compared with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Methods Patients with resectable EC pathologically confirmed by biopsy from March 2015 to September 2016 were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent MRI (including T2-TSE-BLADE,DWI and radial-VIBE)and EUS one week after the biopsy,and MRI were performed prior to EUS, both MRI and EUS were acquired within one week before surgery. Two readers with more than 5 years experiences in the MRI diagnosis evaluated the MR image quality using a 5-point score independently. T staging was assigned on MRI and EUS by the two MRI readers using double-blind method and one endoscopist in accordance with the 7th edition of AJCC TNM Classification for EC, and any disagreement between two MRI readers was resolved by consensus with discussion to the third senior MRI doctor. The inter-observer agreement between two MRI readers were calculated using Kappa test for image quality scores and T staging results. Considering postoperative pathological T staging results as the gold standard, the performances of MRI and EUS were evaluated based on the accuracy rate and analyzed by χ2 test. Results A total of 70 patients were enrolled in the study, the good image quality cases (≥ 3 scores) were 66 in reader 1 and 68 in reader 2. The inter-observer agreement of the image quality scores by two readers was excellent (Kappa=0.824, P<0.05). The pathological results revealed 16 cases of T1 stage, 18 cases of T2 stage, 30 cases of T3 stage, and 6 cases of T4a stage. The inter-observer agreement of the preoperative T staging of EC by two readers was excellent (Kappa=0.809, P<0.05). The accuracy rates of MRI and EUS for preoperative T staging of EC were 92.9% (65/70) and 67.1% (47/70), respectively, and the difference in accuracy rates of two techniques was statistically significant (χ2=14.5, P<0.05). Conclusions The accuracy rate of MRI for preoperative T staging of EC is significantly higher than that of EUS. MRI can be used as a noninvasive method for preoperative T staging of EC.