BACKGROUND: Dynamic glucose monitoring can reflect the fluctuation of blood glucose by successive examination at the interval of 5 minutes,which contributes to the overall and objective evaluation of glucose metabolism.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tendency and characteritics of blood glucose fluctuation in type 2 diabetic and normal subjects. DESIGN: A case-controlled retrospective experiment based on patients and healthy controls.SETTING: Endocrine Metabolism Ward and Clinic of Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 47 patients were newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus at Endocrine Metabolism Ward and Clinic, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, between December 2002 and July 2004. They had not received intervention (diet, exercise or medicine) before. Those with acute complications such as ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma were excluded. Meanwhile, 43 healthy controls were selected from those coming for routine health examinations, and they had no family history of diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance were excluded. Their lipid and liver and kidney indexes as well as blood pressure were within normal range. They all signed informed consent.METHODS: Totally 43 normals and 47 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were subjected to dynamic glucose monitoring for consecutive (71±10) hours, and (846±122) results of glucose level were obtained.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The average glucose level, diurnal maximum and minimum, fluctuation amplitude, the average preprandial and postprandial glucose values and the time percentage of diurnal glycemic fluctuations.RESULTS: According to the objective of this study, all subjects went through the experiment without loss. ① The fluctuation tendency of blood glucose in two groups: The average glucose, diurnal maximum and maximum fluctuation amplitude in type 2 diabetes mellitus group were [(12.2±2.6) mmol/L], [(18.5±2.7) mmol/L] and [(11.2±2.8) mmol/L,respectively], which were significantly higher than those in control group [(5.3±0.5), (7.8±1.4) and (3.9±1.6) mmol/L](t=16.68, 23.04, 15.14;P ＜ 0.001). ② The percentage of diurnal glycemic fluctuations time: The time percentage of glycemic fluctuations within 2.8-7.8 mmol/L was 99％ (87％-100％) in control group, 95％ (28％-100％) and 62％ (6％-100％) when blood glucose.was increased to ＞ 7.8 mmol/L or ＞ 11.1 mmol/L in type 2 diabetes mellitus group.CONCLUSION: Blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been proved to fluctuate at a relatively higher level than that of normals, with greater fluctuation amplitude.Dynamic glucose monitoring is benefical to evaluating the tendency and characteritics of blood glucose fluctuations in type 2 diabetic and normal subjects.

AIM: To study the role of protein kinase B (PKB) in tryptase-induced gene expression on ECV304 cells. METHODS: The expression of PKB, transcript factor AP-1 and NF-?B P65, IL-8, JNK, p38MAPK, and the activity of PKB were measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Tryptase at concentration of 1 ?g/L increased the activity of PKB by promoting PKB phosphorylation, promoted the expression of PKB, chemokine IL-8, transcription factor AP-1 and NF-?B P65, however, no changes of JNK and p38MAPK was observed. PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002) abolished the augment of PKB, NF-?B P65 and IL-8 expression. Antisense PKB cDNA transfection also abolished the augment of PKB, AP-1, NF-?B P65 and IL-8 expression. Though PAR2 antibody did not inhibit PKB expression, it did inhibit the phosphorylation by tryptase in ECV304 cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that tryptase can activate PKB through PAR2 receptor and subsequently NF-?B, AP1, IL-8 and PKB expression.

In this study, we evaluated the difference ot biological characteristics in the MERS-CoV infected mice model in prior to transduction with different dosage of human DPP4. Firstly, we transduced different dosage of DPP4 (high or low) into mice, and then challenged them with MERS-CoV in order to establish the model. After establishment of mice model, we observed the clinical signs of disease, virus replication, immunopathogenesis and antibody response. The results indicated that the infected mice showed typical pneumonia, virus replication, histological lesions, and neutralizing antibody production. Moreover, the high dosage group was superior to the low dosage group. Fourteen days after infection, the specific antibody to virus structural protein and neutralizing antibody were analyzed, the high dosage group induced higher level antibody. In summary, the MERS-CoV infected mice model were established prior transduction with DPP4, and the level of DPP4 influenced the clinical signs of disease, virus replication and antibody response in this model.
Animals ; Coronavirus Infections ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; genetics ; physiology

Objective To explore the influence factors of self-care activities and self-efficacy of patients at high risk of diabetic foot .Methods A total of 92 follow-up patients at high risk of diabetic foot in our hospital between June 2013 and January 2015 were selected by convenient sampling and investigated by questionnaires , including demographic data , summary of diabetes self care activities ( SDSCA ) and self-efficacy scale . Results The total score of SDSCA was (30.99 ±12.336), and the score rate was 40.25%.The total score of self-efficacy was (93.34 ±20.603), and the score rate was 71.80%.The family monthly income, marital status, age and gender were influence factors of self-care activities (P<0.05).The smoking, family monthly income, marital status, and occupation were influence factors of self-efficacy (P<0.05).Conclusions The self-care activities and self-efficacy of patients at high risk of diabetic foot is not optimistic .The nurses should pay more attention to the health education of them , in order to reduce the complications and disability rate and improve the quality of life .

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of quality of life ( QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) after gastric bypass, and provide theoretical basis for developing holistic nursing measures and improving the mental health level and the life quality of patients.Methods Four different questionnaires including the general situation questionnaire, diabetes-specific quality of life scale ( DSQL) , self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS) , and social support rating scale ( SSRS) were used to investigate diabetic patients hospitalized in our hospital between May 2011 and May 2015 according to the convenience sampling medthod. The investigation was conducted in the follow-up of 1 year before and 1 year after surgery. Surveying data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression analysis through SPSS 18.0 software. Results The QOL of participants significantly improved one year after the surgery. The score of DSQL decreased from ( 75. 98 ± 14. 48 ) to ( 52. 12 ± 10. 35 ) , and there was significant difference compared with data before surgery ( P<0. 05 ) . The proportion of patients who continued to take oral hypoglycemic agents decreased to 5. 9%. Influencing factors that affect the QOL were: the course of disease, age, body mass index (BMI), anxiety, drug treatment and social support (P<0.05).Conclusions In the premise of strict operative indications, the QOL of postoperative patients will be promoted by strengthening the psychological guidance, social support and emphasizing the importance of regular follow-up.

To analyze and evaluate the knowledge of Chinese Guidelines of Diabetes Prevention and Treatment in Shanghai medical staff. 175 medical staff working in endocrinology or community health were enrolled and evaluated by a questionnaire of guidelines about the state of professional, training, and related knowledge. Only 16. 6% medical staffwere trained about the guidelines( 46. 67% from the general hospitals, 14. 75% from secod-level hospital and 7. 14% persons from the community hospitals, P＜0. 01 ). The total correct answer rate of the guidelines was 37. 36%. The correct rate of community hospitals was lower than others( P＜0. 05 ). The rate of doctors' was higher than nurses'( P＜0. 05 ). There were difference between doctors and nurses with the key point of diabetes care knowledge in different level hospitals. The effective method of clinical training in diabetes care should be explored. We still have to work hard to promote the effect of diabetes control and prevention. Effective training about the guidelines should be enhanced. The cooperation between general hospitals and community health institutions in diabetes prevention and treatment should be enhanced.

Objective To study the level of hope and influencing factors of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 340 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in the 6th People′s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from October 2014 to June 2015 were selected randomly as the research object. General information questionnaire, Herth hope scale and social support rate scale ( SSRS) were used to investigate the patients.Results The level of hope of patients with type 2 diabetes was medium to high. Score of SSRS was (42.65±6.58), which is higher than national norm (t=21.93,P<0.01); The influencing factors of level of hope in type 2 diabetes patients included the age, economical condition, disease course and social support (β=-2.33,-3.41,3.87,3.94;P<0.05).Conclusions The age, economical condition, disease course and the level of social support are the leading influencing factors for the level of hope in patients with type 2 diabetes. The level of hope of patients with type 2 diabetes could be improved by nursing intervention based on patients′age, economical condition, disease course, and the social support.

Adult ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Parathyroid Glands ; pathology