Alignment-free comparison is a recently developed method for sequence alignment, which has high computational efficiency and suitable to the low identical sequences. Alignment-free comparison was successfully applied in the DNA analysis. However, the accuracy of analysis is not high when it was applied in protein analysis because the complexity of protein is larger than DNA by consisting of 20 types of residues. Thus, residues are clustered into a few groups based on their similarity of physicochemical features. Using such simplified alphabets, the complexity of protein sequences is reduced and at the same time the key information encoded in the sequences remains. Therefore, the accuracy of alignment-free comparison is improved.

Objective To observe the expression of NGF mRNA in rats brain with diabetes and the effects of hypoglycemia caused by oral antidiabetic drugs on NGF mRNA.Methods A total of 64 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(16)and diabetes model group(48).Using high fat and high sugar diet+intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to prepare type 2 diabetes model.The diabetes model group was randomly divided into non-medication group(16),oral medication group (16) and hypoglycemia group(16).The oral medication rats and hypoglycemia rats were given glibenclamide+metformin by intragastric administration once daily for 12 d,the dose of hypoglycemia rats was 5 times of treatment rats.The brain tissues of rats in each group were used respectively the RT-PCR method to detect NGF mRNA at 3,6,9 and 12 d.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of NGF mRNA in the brain tissues of the 3 groups of diabetic rats were decreased in different degrees and the non-medication group was the most obvious(P＜0.01).Compared with the non-medication group,the oral medication group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the hypoglycemia group was further decreased(P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Oral hypoglycemic drugs can effectively enhance the expression of NGF mRNA in brain tissue of diabetic rats,but hypoglycemia caused by Oral antidiabetic drugs can make the expression of NGF mRNA further decreased.So hypoglycemia is not conducive to the repair of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture combined with enriched rehabilitation training on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with brain injury. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 450 μg/kg∙d) was injected to pregnant rats on the 17th and 18th days intraperitoneally. The control group was injected with equal sterile normal saline. The neonatal rats injected with LPS were randomly divided into non-intervention group and intervention group. The intervention group received intervention once a day until the 28th day. The control group and the non-intervention groups were fed regularly. Immunohistochemistry (SABC) was used to detect the expression of BDNF on the 1st, 14th, 21st and 28th days. Results The expression of BDNF was higher in the non-intervention group than in the control group (P<0.01) on the 1st day, but there was no significant difference on the 14th, 21st and 28th days. And it was higher in the intervention group than in the other 2 groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture combined with enriched rehabilitation training can significantly improve the expression of BDNF in cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with brain injury

Objective To explore the definition, structure, terminology, framework, and models of social support and services, and mea-surement of intellectual disability based ICF approach. Methods The ICF approach and definition and approach proposed by American Asso-ciation on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) were adopted. Results The characteristics of intellectual disability are sig-nificant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills, and onset before 18 years old. The framework, domains and contents of services and support for intelligence disability were proposed, as well as the updated measurement of intelligence disability based on new framework and definition. Conclusion The new framework of intel-ligence disability, system of service and support, and measurement are in accordance with the bio-psycho-social model of disability of ICF. The new paradigm will provide framework and tool of measurement, rehabilitation, education, and social services for people with intelli-gence disability.

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassaemia is a monogenic disease, which lacks effective clinical treatments. Hematopoieticstem cell transplantation currently is the only radical treatment for beta thalassaemia, but the limits of suitable donor and costs minimize its clinical application. Given the technology of reprogramming using somatic cells is well established,gene therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells has become the new direction of beta thalassaemia treatment.OBJECTIVE: To put forward the advantages of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in gene therapy of beta thalassaemia in thefuture by summarizing the mechanisms of three kinds of gene editing technologies and the preliminary experimentalresults in animal models.METHODS: In order to search relevant articles about beta thalassaemia, the first author retrieved PubMed database andCNKI (from 1989 to 2015) using the key words of beta thalassemia, genetic therapy, genome editing, homologousrecombination, iPSCs in English and Chinese, respectively. After eliminating literatures which were irrelevant toresearch purpose or containing a similar content, 67 articles were chosen for further analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gene editing technology has made considerable progress and three kinds of directedgene editing technologies have been developed, including ZFNs, TALENs, CRISPR/Cas technology. By targeting inducedpluripotent stem cells from thalassemi patients, these three kinds of gene editing technologies have been expected tocorrect pathogenic genes of thalassemia. The CRISPR/Cas system is more simple, rapid, safe and efficient than the others.The CRISPR/Cas9 system is expected to repair β-globin genes in the induced pluripotent stem cells, germ cells, fertilizedeggs and embryos from beta thalassaemia patients, laying the foundation for future clinical application.

Objective: To explore the association of the serum levels of cytokine IL-10 with the occurrence of cachexia from patients with low-third gastric cancer. Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to examine the serum levels of IL-10 in 150 patients with low-third gastric cancer and 135 healthy controls. Results: The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with low-third gastric cancer than controls(Z=-11.862, P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with low-third gastric cancer of clinical stageⅢ/Ⅳ than those with clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱ(Z=-10.028, P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with cachexia than those without(Z=-10.369, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-10 was associated with odds ratios of 1.599 (95%CI:1.299-1.870, P<0.01) for cachexia. Conclusion: The serum levels of IL-10 are possibly associated with the occurrence of cachexia from patients with low-third gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the association between circulating endothelial cells (CECs)and atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. Methods A crosssectional study was performed to investigate the association between CECs and carotid atherosclerotic change in 65 MHD patients,25 non-hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)of stage 4 or 5(CKD-non-HD)and 24 age-and Sex-matched healthy controls. CECs in peripheral blood were determined by multiparametrie flow cytometry(FCM).CECs were labeled with CD3-PerCP and CD146-PE before FCM and identified as CD3dim,CD146bright.Atherosclerosis in both groups Was assessed by the measurement of common carotid arery intimamedia thickness (CCA-IMT)and plaque of the common carotid arteries with ultrasound scanner. Results CECs were significantly higher in pre-dialysis patients[(151.52±98.24) cell/ml]and CKD-non-HD patients[(183.00±81.38)cell/ml ] compared with control group[(106.50± 24.14)cell/ml](P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).But the number of CECs was not significantly different between MHD and CKD-non-HD patients.CCA-IMT was also significantly higher in MHD patients[(0.94±0.36)mm]and CKD-non-HD patients [(1.02±0.37)mml compared with control group[(0.75±0.15)mm](P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).The number of pre-dialysis CECs was positively correlated with CCA-IMT in MHD patients(r=0.328,P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that CEC level was a strong independent risk factor of CCA-IMT. Conclusion InMHD patients, CEC level is associated with carotid atherosclerosis and may be used as a marker to evaluate the endothelial damage.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in the ipsilateral hippocampus after cerebral hemorrhage in rats.Methods A total of 64 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and model groups.Collagenase Ⅶ was used to induce cerebral hemorrhage model.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A in hippocampus at the cerebral hemorrhage side at the time points (24 h,7 d,14 d,and 21 d).Results Compared to the control group,the expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A were significantly enhanced in model group (P ＜0.01),with the highest level at the 7 d.Conclutions Cerebral hemorrhage can significantly enhance expressions of Slit2 and Nogo-A with a positive correlation of Slit2 and Nogo-A,which might have an important effect on the recovery of brain injury.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of butyl phthalide capsules combined with Xueshuantong injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods: Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, SCI, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched from the building time to May 2016. The enrolled randomized controlled trails were studied by using Cochrane system evaluation methods to perform methodological quality assessment, and RevMan 5. 2 software was used to carry out Me-ta-analysis. Results:A total of 7 randomized controlled trails including 640 patients were enrolled. The results of Meta-analysis dem-onstrated that the effective rate of butylphthalide capsules combined with Xueshuantong injection was superior to that of Xueshuantong injection (RR=1. 33, 95%CI:1. 16-1. 52, P<0. 0001), butylphthalide (RR=1. 45, 95%CI:1. 15-1. 83, P=0. 002) and blank control (RR=1. 31, 95%CI:1. 08-1. 57, P=0. 005). NHISS of butylphthalide capsules combined with Xueshuantong injection was higher than that of Xueshuantong injection (MD=4. 63, 95%CI:3. 38-5. 87, P<0. 00001) and blank control (MD=6. 85, 95%CI:4. 90-8. 80, P<0. 00001). There was no significant difference in adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: Butylphthalide capsules combined with Xueshuantong injection is effective for the therapy of ACI. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the in-cluded studies, larger scale trials are needed.

Objective To explore the unmet needs and service of rehabilitation for Chinese people with disabilities. Methods The unmet needs and services of rehabilitation data from the Second National Sample Survey of Disability and 2006-2016 Statistical Bulletin on the De-velopment of People with disabilities in China issued by China Disabled Persons Federation had been analyzed. Results The unmet needs of rehabilitation for people with disabilities in China were mainly included health care and support, assistive devices, rehabilitation therapy and services, poverty alleviation, accessible facilities, accessible information, and other rehabilitation needs. The highest rate of unmet needs of rehabilitation was in the fields of health care (34.84%) and poverty alleviation (33.25%). There were significant differences in unmet needs of rehabilitation among people with different types of disabilities (χ2=40322.1, P<0.01). For all the types of disabilities, 41.46%had not re-ceived any service and support, 30.45%received health care and support, and 0.55%received accessible information. The main approaches recommended by professionals for people with disabilities were institutional rehabilitation, and community and family based services. The main services recommended by professionals to people with psychiatric (68.18%) or visual disabilities (60.28%) were health care, to people with hearing disability (51.67%) were assistive device, and to people with intellectual (57.36%) and speech disability (47.06%) were rehabil-itation therapy and training. There were significant differences both in rehabilitation approaches and contents among people with different types of disabilities preferred by professionals (χ2=12489.9,χ2=52528.93, P<0.01). Conclusion The unmet needs of rehabilitation for people with different types of disabilities were mainly included health care and assistance, assistive devices, rehabilitation training and services, and poverty alleviation. There were significant differences among people with different types of disabilities. For service delivery, the highest rate was in health care and assistance. The gap between the service and unmet needs of poverty alleviation for people with disabilities in China was the highest. There were significant differences in rehabilitation approaches and contents recommended by professionals among people with different types of disabilities. It was recommended to construct the national and local system of policy support system and rehabilita-tion service governance, to provide precision rehabilitation services based on the unmet needs of rehabilitation, to develop the comprehen-sive rehabilitation service delivery to achieve the goal of rehabilitation for all, and to conduct scientific research on rehabilitation by using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to provide evidence and support for the development of rehabilitation.