Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes that result in adult irreversible blindness in many countries.Recent researches suggest that neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.To realize the disease process of retinal neutron is very important for prevention and treatment on DR.Objective This study was to investigate the change of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety-six eyes of 48 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The patients were assigned into non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group,background diabetic retinopathy(BDR) group,proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) group based on the fundus finding and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and 24 normal subjects with matched age were included as control group.RNFL thickness was measured by GDxVCC system,including temporal,superior,nasal,inferior,total,(TSNIT) average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation and nerve fiber indication.The datas of the RNFL thickness were analyzed and comparison among different groups by one-way analysis of variance and Student Newman Keuls test.Results The TSNIT averages of the NDR group,BDR group,PDR group and PRP group were(56.54±5.28),(56.92±6.49),(53.04±6.14) and(53.17±9.30) μm,respectively,while that of the control group was (59.04±4.37) μm.The TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation of the PDR group and PRP group compared with control group were significantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication of the PDR group and PRP group was significantly increased (P =0.002,0.000,0.002,0.000,0.001 ;P =0.002,0.000,0.001,0.000,0.000).Compared with the control group,the TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation were insignificantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication was insignificantly increased in the NDR group and BDR group (P =0.187,0.235,0.333,0.106,0.202 ;P=0.262,0.063,0.072,0.098,0.062).Conclusions The decline of the RNFL thickness appears prior to DR findings.The RNFL thinning of PDR and PRP patients suggests the degeneration of neurons and atrophy of axonal.The neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing horizontal periodontal bone defects by tissue engineering based on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)as seed cells and enamel matrix proteins(EMPs)as growth factors. Methods Two healthy rhesus monkeys were selected, and BMSCs were isolated from iliac marrow and serial subcultivation was conducted. The cells of induced BMSCs at passage 3 were harvested and mixed with Bio-oss collagen. The models of horizontal periodontal bone defects were established surgically in each buccal side of the posterior teeth, and were divided into four groups (blank control group, material group, cells/material group and cells/material/EMPs group). The histological and Micro-CT observation were carried out 8 weeks later. Results In the blank control group, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue. There was newly-formed alveolar bone in the material group. In the cells/material group, periodontal regeneration could be observed, while the newly-formed cementum was irregular and less in quantity. In the cells/material/EMPs group, the amount of newly-formed alveolar bone was larger, and the newly-formed cementum was continuous and regular. Conclusion The tissue engineering technique of BMSCs as seed cells in combination with EMPs induction can significantly promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Background Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)secreted by cornea after injury is important to cytothesis,collagen fibers reconstruction and axons recovery.However,the local bFGF is not enough for the reparation process.Objective This study aimed to observe the findings of corneal collagen and nerve recovery under the confocal microscopy through focusing(CMTF) in the eyes with intervene of exogenous recombinant bFGF(rbFGF) after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).Methods LASIK rabbit models were binocularly created in 34 clean New Zealand white rabbits.The tobramycin combined with dexamethasone were dropped after operation for 10 days in bilateral eyes.rbFGF was topically administered in the right eyes of rabbits from 1 day through 3 months after LASIK,and lubricant was used in the left eyes at the same way.The corneal collagen and nerve recovery,keratocyte and endothelial cell counting were observed with CMTF at the 1st week,2nd week,2nd month,3rd month and 5th month after LASIK.Results Total 19 rabbits were meted the request of LASIK models.The keratocyte densities in anterior stroma of both groups reached the lowest level at the 2nd week and the highest level at the 3rd month.Otherwise,haze changed on the contrary.No statistically significant differences were found in anterior stroma keratocyte densities,haze grade,grey value between rbFGF group and lubricant group at various time points after operation(P＞0.05).The nerve cord densities of both groups were increased gradually,and those under the epithelial basement membrane were more dominant.The nerve density of the anterior stroma of rbFGF group was significant higher than the lubricant one in the 2nd group(P=0.038).The considerably elevated the subepithelial nerve density value was also seen in rbFGF group compared with lubricant at 5 months after operation(Z=-2.060,P=0.039).No any corneal neovascularization occurred in both groups through experiment duration.The positive correlation was found between grey value with haze grade in rbFGF group(b=22.687,F=37.975,P=0.000) and lubricant group(b=20.410,F=18.516,P=0.000).However,haze grade was not significant correlated with stromal keratocyte density(rbFGF group:b=0.001,F=0.164,P=0.668;lubricant group:b=-0.002,F=1.896,P=0.178).Conclusion Exogenous bFGF can improve the recovery of corneal nerve and regeneration of keratocyte after LASIK.No evidence of bFGF promoting corneal neovascularization is found in this experiment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Colles' Fracture ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Supination ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnosis and treatment of veno-occlusive priapism.

METHODSThe diagnosis and treatment of 17 cases of veno-occlusive priapism were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll the 17 patients were evaluated by physical examination, cavernous blood gas analysis and color Doppler ultrasonography, and treated by conservative therapy, intracavernosal aspiration and injection, surgical operation. After treatment, 11 cases achieved complete detumescence, 5 cases partial detumescence and 1 case of penile cancer failed to respond. During the 2-6 months follow-up, erectile dysfunction occurred in 3 cases.

CONCLUSIONCavernous blood gas analysis and color Doppler ultrasonography are helpful to the diagnosis of veno-occlusive priapism. Early and correct intracavernosal injection and corpora cavernosa-corpus spongiosum shunt are effective ways to treat veno-occlusive priapism.

Adult ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; blood supply ; Priapism ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the progression of visual field loss and to explore the prognosis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) after their intraocular pressures were well controlled under 21 mmHg.

METHODSForty-seven eyes of 29 patients in the Department of Ophthalmology in PUMC Hospital were included. All the patients had at least two separate tests of visual fields using the 24-2 program of the Humphery Visual Field Analyzer after their intraocular pressure were well controlled under 21 mmHg after sugery. The visual fields of patients were followed routinely for at least 1 year. In addition, all patients were divided into 2 groups according to follow-up period: 1-2 years group and over 2 years group. Visual field scores were calculated with the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) method. The visual fields were divided 5 sections and the sensitivity and defect depth of each section were calculated.

RESULTNo statistically significant differences were found in terms of AGIS scores, localized sensitivities and localized defects within the time interval of the observation.

CONCLUSIONGlaucomatous optic neuropathy is not likely to progressively deteriorate in CACG cases once their intraocular pressure are well controlled under 21 mmHg.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Disk ; physiopathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Fields

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical significance of the Octopus 101 GKP kinetic and static automated perimetry in the diagnosis of the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

METHODSThirty POAG patients (POAG group) and 34 normal individuals (control group) were detected with Octopus 101 GKP static and kinetic perimetry with GKP and TOP program from October 2006 to March 2007. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cupping/disc (C/D) ratio, mean defect (MD), loss variance (LV), areas of isopter, and testing time were analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean visual acuity, mean IOP and mean C/D ratio were significantly different between POAG group and control group (P = 0.000), and so was the testing time (P = 0.001). The mean test time was (307.78 +/- 134.50) s in the POAG group and was (228.12 +/- 75.33) s in the normal group. No linear correlation was found between the IOP and the areas of isopter or MD between these two group. The visual parameters (I 2e and III 4e) as to the areas of isopter of POAG were significantly different (P = 0.000), and so were the MD, LV and areas of isopter (P = 0.000). Static perimetry had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 45%, and kinetic perimetry had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 63%. The combined method of static and kinetic approaches had a sensitivity of 90%.

CONCLUSIONSThe Octopus 101 GKP static and kinetic perimetry can perform an automated test that combines the advantages of both kinetic and static perimetry, resulting in a decreased subjectivity and individual difference by adjusting the response time and improved accuracy of test results. By changing stimulus size, background illumination, and stimulus angular velocity, the combination of the kinetic and static test may provide a higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of the early stage of POAG, particularly in patients with early peripheral visual field defect.

Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Visual Field Tests ; methods

Objective To study the different effects of valsartan and extended realse nifedipine tablets on lowering blood pressure of essential hypertension patients and their reversal effects on left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods 100 cases of essential hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were randomly divided into valsartan group(group A) and adalt group(group B).Other antihypertensive drugs except diuretic were removed for 3 weeks.There were 50 cases in group A using valsartan 4～8mg qd,and 50 cases in group B using adalt 30～60 mg qd,the stud),lasted for 24 weeks.The blood pressure was measured and the altrasowic cardiogram examed in baseline and 24 weeks later.Results BP could be significantly reduced after treatment(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sexual psychology and sexual attitude of the Chinese peace-keepers in Liberia, attempting a correct guidance and psychological intervention in this aspect.

METHODSIn the middle of the mission tour, a survey was conducted among 314 Chinese male peace-keeping soldiers with a self-designed questionnaire.

RESULTSMore than 90% of the soldiers learned some sexual knowledge by themselves; quite a proportion of them were relatively deficient in sexual knowledge and lacked sexual education; 77% of them were afraid of AIDS even after sexual education. Married soldiers showed more maturity in sexual psychology than

CONCLUSIONAppropriate psychological intervention the unmarried(P <0.05) , but with no differences in sexual attitude( P >0. 05). and guidance directed at the particulate population of peace-keepers may help them adopt a rational attitude towards their sexual drive and desire and convert, their sexual energy into further impetus to better creative performance in the peace-keeping mission.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; psychology ; Sexual Behavior ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in pressure overload induced failure myocardium in rats.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 15 each): abdominal aorta constriction (AC) 20 weeks group (H20w group), sham operation group (SH20w group) and normal control group (N group). Twenty weeks later, myocardial function was evaluated by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Mitochondria in ventricular tissue were isolated by centrifugation. Adenine nucleotide pools (ATP, ADP, AMP, PCr) in myocardium were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression of UCP2 in mitochondria was detected by PT-PCR and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSMyocardial function was significantly decreased 20 weeks post-AC compared to SH20w group and N group. Myocardial ATP, ADP, AMP and PCr contents were also significantly decreased in H20w group than the other 2 control groups. The expression of UCP2 in myocardial mitochondria was significantly increased in H20w group and negatively correlated with ATP contents (r = -0.929, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of UCP2 was upregulated in pressure overload induced failure heart and might be responsible for decreased myocardial adenine nucleotide and energy metabolism disturbance in this model.

Adenine Nucleotides ; analysis ; Animals ; Echocardiography ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uncoupling Protein 2