OBJECTIVE:To develop an LC-MS method for the determination of the concentration of duloxetine in human plasma.METHODS:Plasma sample(0.2 mL)was taken,with the protein precipitated twice using acetonitrile.The mobile phase consisted of 20 mmol?L-1 ammonium acetate(pH3.5)-methanol-acetonitrile(38∶20∶42).The sample was separated on a Thermo C18 column with plasma concentrations(time-concentration profile)of duloxetine in 10 healthy volunteers determined by LC-MS after taking a single oral dose of duloxetine enteric-capsule(22.4,44.8 or 67.2 mg).RESULTS:The calibration curve of duloxetine was linear over the concentration range of 0.78～100 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 5)with the recovery at 100.8%,the RSD of intra-day and inter-day at no more than 7.8% and 9.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method developed in our study was proved to be accurate and sensitive,and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of duloxetine.

Objective:To express MSP1-31 gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Salmonella typhi CVD908 vaccine strain using a tetracycline-controlled P LtetO promoter. Methods:The MSP1-31 gene was cloned into the plasmid of pZE11 and transformed into the CVD908/tetR strain by electroporation. Expression of MSP1-31 in CVD908/tetR strain was detected using the method of Western blot. Results: The recombinant plasmid of pZE11/MSP1-31 was constructed, there was effective expression of MSP1-31 protein in CVD908/tetR strain in presence of tetracycline, and no expression of gene in absence of tetracycline. Conclusion: The recombinant Salmonella typhi strain in which the expression of Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-31 fragment induced by tetracycline is established successfully.

Surgical treatment is the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).A consensus on the surgical principle of GIST has been made based on the 10-year experience,which effectively guided the standardized treatment of GIST.Laparoscopic and gastrointestinal endoscopic techniques were applied in the treatment of GIST,and promote the development of the diagnosis and treatment of GIST.Laparoscopic treatment has become one of the main treatment methods for GIST.Furthermore,multi-disciplinary treatment for GIST is gradually adopted in clinical practice.In this article,the prospect of surgical treatment of GIST is introduced based on a 10-year experience.

arotid artery atherosclerosis is closely associated with ischemic stroke.Carotid artery intimamedia thickness is an important indicator of carotid artery atherosclerosis.Magnesium is involved in the in vivo metabolism of a wide variety of processes.Studies have shown that magnesium can decrease carotid intimamedia thickness.This article reviews the relationship between magnesium levels and carotid artery atherosclerosis in different populations.

Objective To determine the free thiols in the chimeric protein PfCP-2. 9 of Plasmodium falciparum expressed by Pichia pastoris. Methods Two experiments of reverse phase HPLC and Ellman' s reaction were applied to the PfCP-2.9 for the determination of its free thiols. For RP-HPLC analysis, three kinds of samples were tested: PfCP-2. 9, dithiothreitol-reduced PfCP-2.9 and indoacetic acid-alkylated PfCP-2.9. Results Both experiments showed that there were no any free thiols present in the PfCP-2. 9. Conclution The disulfide bonds between cysteine residues of PfCP-2. 9 were formed completely.

The paper introduced the practice of family doctor′s contracted service in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu province over the past six years.By exploring the tiered family doctor′s contracted services,namely 3+X teamwork responsible for household health,health insurance contracting with chronic disease patients,and personalized contracts,the city highlights the cornerstone role of primary care in the Healthy Zhenjiang 2015 Campaign.The campaign aims at providing fair,accessible,systematic and uninterrupted health services.Outcomes of the campaign have proved that the 3+X teamwork model helps building acquaintances relationship with residents by means of contracting,hence motivating both the sector and individuals in the health promotion and building a healthy Zhenjiang.

Objective:To observe the effect of Tangshenning on renal function and LOX-1 mRNA expression in the kidney of early diabetic nephropathy rats model. Methods:Early diabetic nephropathy rats model was made with high fat diet, STZ and unilateral ne-phregtomy. After the 12-week drug intervention, the rats were sacrificed, the kidneys were removed and the mRNA expressions of LOX-1 in the kidney were observed by the method of RT-PCR. Results:Early diabetic nephropathy rats model was successfully made by the triple-modeling method. The mRNA expression of LOX-1 in the kidney was significantly increased, and Tangshenning could low-er the expression of LOX-1 in the kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion:The abnormal expression of LOX-1 could be one of the mechanisms for diabetic nephropathy. Tangshening has good kidney protective effect through decreasing LOX-1 abnormal expression in the kidneys, which deserves further research.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Myositis

This study was aimed to explore whether gypenosides (GPs) can inhibit the expression of miRNA-122 and regulate the lipid metabolism enzyme activity to play a role in lipid-lowering effect. A total of 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were the normal control group (C), hyperlipidemic model group (M), simvastatin group (S) and the GPs group (G). All groups were fed with high-fat diets except the normal control group which was fed with normal diets. The GPs, which were dissolved in 0.3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution, were given by the intragastric administration. The C group and M group were given 0.3% CMC-Na solution (1 mL/100 g) daily. The G group was given 160 mg·kg-1 of GPs daily. The S group was given 5 mg·kg-1 of simvastatin daily. The experiment was continued for 8 weeks. After the last medication, rats were fasted for 12 hours. Rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (7%). Abdominal arterial blood samples were collected to detect the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The wet weight of liver was weighed and the liver index was measured. The liver total RNA was extracted to determine the expression of miRNA-122 by the real-time PCR. The homogenates of liver tissues were prepared for the determination of hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and HMG-CoA reductase activity. Cholesterol micelle formation experiments were implementedin vitro. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, TC, TG and LDL-C levels of the model group were significantly increased (P< 0.01), while the HDL-C levels in each group were obviously decreased (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, TC, TG and LDL-C levels of the S group and G group were obviously decreased (P< 0.05), and the HDL-C level was obviously increased (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, the liver indexes of the S group and G group were obviously decreased (P< 0.05). Compared with the hyperlipidemia model group, the expressions of miRNA-122 of the S group and G group were significantly reduced (P< 0.05). Compared with the hyperlipidemia model group, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was obviously reduced in the S group and G group (P< 0.05), but the HL and LPL activities were obviously increased (P< 0.05). GPs can inhibit the formation of cholesterol micelles to some extent. It was concluded that GPs can effectively reduce the blood lipid level in hyperlipidemic rats, in order to relieve the hepatic fatty lesions. Its lipid-lowering mechanism was related to its inhibition of miRNA-122 expression and regulation of lipid metabolism enzyme activity, as well as the inhibition on the formation of cholesterol micelles.

Objective To evaluate the effect of minocycline on the long-term cognitive function after partial hepatectomy in mice.Methods Sixty-four male C57BL/6 mice,aged 3 months,weighing about 20 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),partial hepatectomy group (group O),PBS group,and minocycline group (Mino group).At 3 days after partial hepatectomy,the rats underwent Morris water maze test.The animals were sacrificed and their hippocampi were immediately removed for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA (using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in the nuclcar protein of the cells (using Western blot).After the mice regained consciousness after operation,minocycline 50 mg· kg-1 · d-1 was injected intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days in Mino group,while the equal volume of PBS was given instead of minocycline in group PBS.The parameters mentioned above were then recorded.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged,and the expression of TNF-α mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and NF-κB was up-regulated in group O (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group PBS,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shortened,and the expression of TNF-α mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and NF-κB was down-regulated in group Mino (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Minocycline can improve the long-term cognitive function after partial hepatectomy in mice and inhibition of inflammatory responses in hippocampi is involved in the mechanism.