Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)is a pivotal transcription factor for hypoxic response.This article reviews the related characteristics of HIF-1 and its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor and the neuroprotective mechanisrms in cerebral ischemia.

Objective To detect the antimutagenesis of carrot juice and to provide necessary data for the development of fruit-vegetable beverage. Methods Revised rat salmonella mutagenicity test was used, strains had been cultured for 48 hours at a constant temperature of 37 ℃. We counted the anaphysis strains produced in the paper circle, and judged whether there was a antimutagenesis effect according to the difference of the anaphysis strain number between the samples and the dissolvent controls. We also judged the mutagensis effect of the samples based on the anaphysis strains outside the paper circle. Results TA98-TA100 strains were all inside the normal scope, mutagenesis effect of all samples had not been observed. Conclusion Under our laboratory conditions, the inhibition rate of sample Ⅰ,Ⅳ on the induction of N-methy1-N/-nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) to TA100-S9 and of sample Ⅱ, Ⅲ on the induction of aflatoxin B1( AFB1) to TA+S9 was high, and dose-response effect was obvious, also the inhibition effect of both sample Ⅰ,Ⅱ on the induction of AFB1 and that of sample Ⅰ on the Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) to TA100+S9 was relatively high, but there was no dose-response effect exist.

Objective To develop a GC-MS method for the determination of ephedrine in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetic parameters of the ephedrine in different compatibility of the minister, adjuvant, and guide herbs to the monarch herb in Mahuang Decoction. Methods Orthogonal design was used to determine eight compatible groups from Mahuang Decoction (MHD). The healthy male volunteers were divided into groups in random, each group concluding eight men. After taking the medicine orally, venous blood would be taken out at different times. Determining ephedrine in plasma and plotting the concentration-time curve, the pharmacokinetic parameters of each compatible group were calculated by WinNonlin 4.0.1. The statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters were proceeded by SPSS 10.0. Results All concentration-time curves were adequately modeled by one compartment, first order absorption model, and no lag time. Some parameters of ephedrine showed significant variance (P

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel(taxol,TAX)and capecitabine scheme(capecitabine,CAPE)in treatment ofⅣperiod lung adenocarcinoma.Methods 90 patients with Ⅳ period lung adenocarcinoma from March 2011 to August 2013 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,control group(n =45 )were given CAPE treatment and experimental group (n =45 )were given CAPE +TAX combination therapy.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and side effects in two groups were observed and compared. Results Evaluation of recent efficacy:the efficacy(response rate,RR)of experimental group was 46.67%,the disease control rates(DCR)was 77.78%,while RR of control group was 48.89%and DCR was 73.33%,there was no statistical significance between two groups.Evaluation of long-term efficacy:progression-free survival (PFS )in experimental group was(6.18 ±3.12)months,while in control group was(3.09 ±2.29)months,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Overall survival(OS)in experimental group was(9.19 ±2.04)months,while in control group was(8.63 ±3.93)months,there was no statistical significance between two groups.Evaluation of adverse reaction:in terms of hematology change,white blood cell count(WBC),neutrophil counts(NE)in experimental group were decreased significantly than control group,the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05 ),but not the PLT.In terms of the hematology change,alopecia in experimental group was more than in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 ),but there were no changes in nausea and vomiting,the brotherhood of syndrome,liver damage,oral cavity mucous membrane inflammation.Conclusion CAPE and TAX has good clinical efficacy in treatment of stage Ⅳ lung adenocarcinoma.It can increase the progression-free surial,and side effects is in hematology change.

Parabiosis is an experimental animal model in medical studies.This kind of animal models can realize the exchange of blood and body fluid between the two united animals very well, and makes it possible to observe all influences of these exchange in different aspects, ranging from blood to immunity.Over the past few years, based on parabiosis studies, heterochronic parabiosis animals are preferred to be used as conjoint models and to provide experimental basis for researches in cancer, endocrine, transplantation, neurology and stomatology and so on.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare mechanisms underlying supraliminal and subliminal emotional Stroop effects.Methods 52 college students were recruited to distinguish the color of each emotional picture,which was either supraliminal (30 students) or subliminally (22 students) presented to the students; and their reaction time(RTs) and accuracy(ACC) in each condition were assessed.Results ①In supraliminal task,the main effect of emotion on RT was significant(F(4.116) =3.63,P=0.008),such that RT in high arousing positive ( ( 781 ± 60 ) ms ) and negative ( ( 787 ± 63 ) ms ) conditions were larger than those in neutral ( ( 733 ± 62 ) ms)condition; ②In supraliminal task,the main effect of arousal on RT was significant(F(1,29) =5.14,P=0.031 ),such that RT in high arousing( (784 ± 59 ) ms) conditions were larger than those in low arousing( (761 ± 55 ) ms)conditions; ③In subliminal task,the main effect of emotion on RT was significant (F(4,84) =2.50,P =0.049 ),such that RT in high arousing positive ( ( 661 ± 52 ) ms) and negative ( ( 667 ± 56) ms) conditions were larger than those in neutral ( (633 ± 49 ) ms) condition.④ In subliminal task,the main effect of arousal on RT was significant (F(1,21) =9.97,P=0.005),such that RT in low arousing( (664 ±51 ) ms) conditions were larger than those in high arousing( (638 ± 50)ms) conditions.ConclusionSupraliminal and subliminal emotional Stroop effects may be involved in different mechanisms.

Objective To compare the efficacy of nystatin suspension and fluconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis.Methods 40 patients were randomly assigned to nystatin suspension group or fluconazole group.Patients treated with nystatin suspension (n =20) were instructed to use 30ml of nystatin suspension for rinsing for 5 min,3 times daily.Patients treated with fluconazole(n =20) received capsules(150mg) each day.The clinical effect was assessed after treatment for 3 days.The recurrence was assessed 1 week after drug withdrawal.Results The effective rate in the nystatin suspension group and fluconazole group was 80.0％,85.0％,the recurrence rate in two groups was 18.8％,11.8％,respectively.There were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Nystatin suspension is a good therapeutic alternative in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.The biomarkers that are tested in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for diagnosis,prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS.Therefore,CSF tests are essential in MS patients.This review summarized and discussed the CSF biomarkers in MS,including the clinical widely used biomarkers and research on potential biomarker candidates.

A computer-based online search of Pubmed, Wanfang database and Chinese Journal Full-text Database was undertaken to identify literature and analyze characteristics of membrane oxygenator. Separation membrane, commonly used for artificial lung, has developed from drum, plate folding pattern to microporous hollow fiber membrane. In microporous hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, the hollow fiber membrane is the main place that transition occurs from oxygen to carbon dioxide. Because of the advantages in transition area and oxygenation form, it has become main study direction of artificial lung recently. Hollow fiber is mainly composed of high polymer materials with good fibrogenic capability, and membrane materials with good membrane-forming ability, heat stability, chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance, microbe erosion and antioxygenation. Current studies focus on how to improve gas exchange ability and biocompatibility, such as to improve membrane materials, optimize design and experimental and clinical evaluation of performance.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between phenotype and genotype of biofilm in Staphylococcus.METHODS All 156 clinical isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) and 90 S.aureus(SAU) strains isolating from clinical specimens from Mar 2005 to Jul 2008,as well as 12 CNS strains from nasal swabs of healthy carriers from hospital staff,were collected.Congo red technique was performed to examine slime production.The presence of the intercellular adhesion genes(icaA and icaD) was determined by the polymerase chain reaction method.The phenotype and genotype of biofilm were analyzed.RESULTS Thirty-two out of 168 CNS isolates were biofilm producers(19.0%) while 32 out of 90 SAU isolates were producers(35.6%).All strains positive for icaA positive were also positive for icaD.The 16 strains(10 CNS isolates and 6 SAU isolates) were icaA and icaD positive but do not produced slime.CONCLUSIONS For SAU,the percentage of slime-production strains(35.6%) is higher than that found in CNS(19.0%).The characteristic of biofilm-negative variants having the ica loci might contribute to the dissemination.For clinical isolates of S.epidermidis,ica locus may not be a significant marker discriminating between invasive and contaminating isolates.