Color ; Dental Materials ; Dental Restoration, Permanent

Animals ; Dental Cements ; chemistry ; Glass ; chemistry ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Post and Core Technique ; instrumentation ; Quartz ; chemistry ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Fractures ; prevention & control

Humans ; Mouth ; Photography

The patent strategy is one of the significance strategies of intellectual property rights that are severe competitive key-point in all country.Based on the characteristics of the pment strategy and actualities of Chinese medicine patent,as well as the macroscopical analysis of key-issues of patent this paper put forward several suggestions on the patent strategy of Chinese medicine patent.which could offer some information to help making decision for the government official.

Objective To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor -?(TNF-?)in the pathogenesis of experimental murine colitis.Methods From Apr.1999 to May 2002,in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,an experimental colitis model was established in which chronic colitis was induced by transfer of syngeneic CD45RB,CD~+_4T cells into severe combined immunodeficient(SCID)mice.These SCID recipients were treated with anti-TNF-? mAb,and the efficacy was observed and the mechanism was studied.Results Anti-TNF-? effectively prevented intestinal mucosal inflammation.Anti-TNF-? mAb also significantly suppressed leukocyte infiltration(e.g,CD~+_4 T cells,mononuclear macrophages)in the inflamed colon,and down-regulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interferon(IFN-?)and IL-2 of CD~+_4T cells in lamina propria.Conclusion The data suggests that administration of anti-TNF-? reverses mucosal inflammation via down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and decreases leukocyte infiltration in the bowel,thus providing additional support for TNF-?-targeted therapy in human Crohn's disease.

Objective To observe the ultrastructure changes on von Ebner's gland of type 2 diabetes rats. Methods Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experiment group.The diabetes rats model were induced by intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin(STZ) after high-fat food.The von Ebner's gland ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM) after 8 weeks. Results Compared with the control group,in diabetes rats acinar cell nucleus appeared nucleolemma introcession and karyopycnosis;mitochondria exhibited vacuole degeneration and crista breaking;rough endoplasmic reticula expanded and showed degranulation.Conclusion A sereies of pathologic changes in von Ebner's gland of diabetes rats can be induced by diabetes,which provides morphological evidences for further investigation on the mechanism of diabetes complication.

Adult ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology

Objective To determine 1 hour plasma glucose cutoff value during OGTT to screen diabetes and IGR and its relationship with islet β cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods 4731 subjects were recruited to perform an OGTT.The cutoff value of 1h-plasma glucose during OGTT was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).And according to the two cutoff values,we classified all the subjects to three groups,and compared HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,insulinogenic index and shape index among groups,then analyzed its correlation with each parameter. Results According to ROC results, to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT was 12.935mmol/L,with sensitivity of 81.52%,specificity of 86.94%. To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose was 9.815mmol/L,with sensitivity of 74.96% and specificity of 77.86%. We classified all the subjects to three groups, and among the three groups the insulinogenic index, shape index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β showed statistically significant difference (all P＜0.01). There was a negative correlation of OGTT-1hPG with insulinogenic index and HOMA-β(all P＜0.01) and a positive correlation of OGTT-1h PG with shape index and HOMA-IR (all P＜0.01). Conclusions To diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT is 12.935mmol/L.To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose is 9.815mmol/L.And 1h PG can reflect the islet β-cell function and insulin resistance.