The production of IL-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with AS and RA showed a significant overproduction of IL-2.Membrane-bound IL-2 receptor was recognized by monoclonal anti-Tac antibody by using a flow cytometry. There was a marked increase of IL-2 receptor in patients with RA, while the level of IL-2 receptor in patients with AS was comparable to that of normal controls. The results suggested that there was obvious abnormalities of membrane-bound IL-2 receptor expressing and production of IL-2 in patients with AS and.RA which may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Increasing cases of HIV infection have been detected in adolescents. Intravenous drug abuse and sexual behavior, which are affected by various individual and environmental factors, are the major ways of HIV infection. The current situation and influential factors of HIV infection in adolescents are introduced in this paper.

Objective　To better understand the clinical characters of juvenile onset spondyloarthropa-thies (JSpA).Methods　The clinical and laboratory data of 190 in-patients with JSpA were analyzed and the diagnosis,classification and differentiation of juvenile onset arthritis were discussed.Results　Among these 190 patients,163 were male,with a male to female ratio 6∶1.Of them 92.1% had the disease after the age of 8.Peak of age at onset was 12 to 15 years;157(82.6%) patients had peripheral arthritis and only 23(12.1%) patients felt low back pain at onset.During the disease course, peripheral arthritis was found in 187(98.4%) patients and the history of low back pain or buttock pain was recorded in 123(64.7%).The interval between peripheral arthritis and low back pain was from 0 to 20 years,with an average of (3.2±4.5)years.Extra-articular features including enthesitis in 67(35.3%)patients,dactylitis in 20(10.5%),iritis in 9(4.7%) were observed.HLA-B27 was positive in 87.9%(160/182) patients.Sacroiliitis on X-ray was observed in 76.0%(136/179) patients,and 106(55.8%) patients were diagnosed juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) according to 1984 New York modified criteria.The average disease course in JAS was (6.3±6.2) years,longer than that in JSpA (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The concept of JSpA is helpful to early diagnosis and treatment of juvenile onset arthritis.The JSpA are characterized by asymmetric lower limb predominant oligoarthritis,a wide spectrum of extra-articular features,presence of HLA-B27 and familial history of SpA or psoriasis.It will take an average of 6.3 years for JSpA patients to fulfill the diagnostic criteria of adult AS.

Objective　To measure the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in synovial fluid and plasma of patients with RA and investigate its clinical significance.Methods　By using ELISA sandwich method,the levels of uPA and uPAR in plasma from 46 patients with RA and 8 with osteoarthritis (OA) were measured.Those in synovial fluid (SF) from 14 patients with RA,and plasma from 12 healthy subjects were measured as controls.Results　The concentration of uPA and uPAR in SF from patients was significant higher than that in their plasma (P＜0.001,P＜0.01),and the concentration of uPA and uPAR in plasma of RA was also much higher than that in plasma of OA patients (P＜0.05,P＜0.000 1) and healthy subjects (P＜0.000 1,P＜0.001).There was no significance between plasma levels of RF＋ and RF－ in RA patients.The concentration of uPA and uPAR of plasma in RA correlated positively with CRP,RF and the number of swelling joints.Conclusion　The levels of uPA and uPAR in SF and plasma are useful parameters for monitoring disease activity of RA.These findings suggest that the uPA and uPAR genes may play an important role via proteolytic damage of the extracellular matrix during the development of RA.

ObjectiveFrom the view of the frequence of codes applying,investigate the situation of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification of Beijing and to support the further development and application.MethodsFigure out the difference of the frequence of codes between before and post application of coding on clinical modification,to compare and make analysis for them.Results Got lists of percentage periods frequence of codes on classification of disease calculated from all secondary and above level hospitals in Beijing in the year of 2006,2007 and 2008.Conclusionthe Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification of Beijing is well compatible with WHO ICD-10 on the level of applicable codes set; the refine work is effective and balance for codes applying; the localization should be done first before applying ICD-10.

Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic nephropathy with serum endothelin-1(ET-1) and C-reactive protein(CRP). Methods Levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipid, creatinine,ET-1,CRP and urinary albumin excretion(UAER) were measured and calculated in 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 30 healthy subjects. Results Serum ET-1 and CRP were significantly higher in T2DM than in control(P<0.05，P<0.01).Serum ET-1 and CRP were increased with increment of serum creatinine and UAER(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions Serum ET-1 and CRP may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

The important difference between post-graduate and undergraduate education is to train their reseach ability,which is very important especially to the post-graduate students of basic medicine who will be researchers.The problem in training research ability of post-graduate was studied in this paper and solution plan was put forward.

Objective To investigate the characters of TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS patients by intraveneous drug. Method Based on the TCM theories,related literature and experts' experience,the questionnaire was compiled and revised,170 patients were investigated one by one,and the data was analysed. Result The frequency lines in turn:spleen qi deficiency,liver depression with qi stagnation,kidney yin deficiency,phlegm-heat congestion of lung,disharmony of liver and stomach,lung qi deficiency,kidney deficiency of both yin and yang,qi deficiency,phlegm-damp congestion of lung,liver fire,heart yin deficiency. The excess syndromes lies in the liver and the lung. The deficiency syndromes lies in kidney,spleen and stomach,and lung. Conclusions The frequent syndromes in the study distinguished from the other congener study. It may be caused by many different contribution factors of patients and researchers.

Recent studies of immunology have aroused new interest in regulatory T cell for immune responses,and scientists have recognized that suppressor T cells exist in vivo and regulatory T(Treg) cells play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.This article reviews the types,characteristics,mechanisms,and roles of Treg in immune tolerance,aiming to offer some important theoretical evidence for the treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine in inducing peripheral arthritis in spondyloarthropathy(SpA).Methods Microarray was used to screen the candidates of inducing peripheral arthritis in SpA,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to verify the results.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)from 5 healthy subjects were co-incubated 1.5 hours with synovial fluid of 5 patients with SpA,total RNA were then extracted,and the samples were screened for the target genes by using superarray techniques.ELISA was used to determine CXCL1 protein levels of 54 ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients and 30 healthy controls,also to determine the CXCL1 levels of synovial fluids from 33 SpA patients and 14 osteoarthritis(OA)patients,and to determine CXCL1 protein levels by ELISA before and after treatment with infliximab.Results The expression of CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3 and IL-8 were more than 2 fold higher after stimulated by synovial fluids.However,there was no change in other chemokines and cytokines,such as TNF?,IL-6 and IL-1 after stimulation.The protein level of CXCL1 was significant higher in serum of patients with AS than that of healthy control(P