Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is a common fingding in paitients with chronic renal failure(CRF),its pathogenesis is not clear.In the past decade,the relation reduce of EPO,malnutrition and inflammation,endothelial dysfunctin and angiodysplasia with pathogenesis of CVD had been investigated,These risk factors inducing CVD were reviewed.

The role of the microvascular disease in progressive renal disease is not well understood .This review presents evidence that progressive renal disease is characterized by a progressive lose of the microvasulature. And presents the factors that induce the lose of the microvasculature. Try to find out (agents) which may represent a novel therpeatic approach for slowing the renal disease.

Aptamers are short nucleic acids or peptides that strongly bind to a protein of interest and functionally inhibit a given target protein at the intracellular level. Besides high affinity and specificity, aptamers have several advantages over traditional antibodies. Hence, they have been broadly selected to develop antiviral agents for therapeutic applications against hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV). This review provides a summary of in vitro selection and characterization of aptamers against viral hepatitis, which is of practical significance in drug discovery.

BACKGROUND:The essence of cell differentiation is a selectively intra-cellular gene expression,which results in specific proteinic synthesis and causes changes in biochemistry,structure and function.Thus,original proteomics and a single protein analysis can not meet the requirement in study.Proteomics technology provides a powerful tool due to the large scale,systemical study of protein transformation and interaction,which can be used for exploring molecular mechanism of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)during directional differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To introduce proteomics,to summarize the research of proteomics in directional differentiation of BMSCs,and to forecast the development of proteomics research methods.METHODS:To search articles highly related with BMSCs,cell differentiation,and proteomics published on CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm),Sciencedirect(http://www.Sciencedirect.com),I.S.I(http://www.isiwebofknowledge.com)were searched,and the key achievements were included in the analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 29 documents were reviewed,and the experiences in the application of proteomics technology in the directional differentiation of BMSCs were summarized.With the innovation and development in methodology and technology,proteomics will become a powerful tool for us to study the potential mechanisms of BMSCs directional differentiation.

There are a number of serum biomarkers related with the process of the pathogenesis,destabilization and rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque.And thus,it is fairly important in clinical practice to identify vulnerable plaque and predict plaque rupture by detecting the expression of the serum biomarkers.This review aims at giving an overview on recent emerging biomarkers that are related to vulnerable plaque.

OBJECTIVE:To find an efficient avenue to the solution of problems existed in GSP authentication so as to provide references for the concerned governmental departments in the process of working out further laws and regulations and policies.METHODS:Practical problems existed in the GSP authentication of drug supply enterprises in Shannxi province were analyzed by the on the spot research method.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only through multi-sectional cooperation,further improving personnel quality of different kinds of people,clarifying each one's duty and regulating different management sys-tem,can GSP be put into practice successfully.

Objective To investigate recurrence of colorectal adenoma (CRA)after polypectomies and colonoscopic surveillance,and to explore risk factors related to CRA recurrence.MethodsFrom June 2005 to December 2009,in the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,the clinical data of 283 hospitalized patients who underwent CRA polypectomy and met the study criteria were collected and followed up.The recurrence rate of CRA after polypectomies,the relationship between colonoscopic surveillance interval and CRA recurrence and risk factors related to recurrence were analyzed.The colonoscopic surveillance interval,frequency and the reason for no colonoscopic surveillance were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 235 post-polypectomies CRA patients were successfully followed up,the follow-up rate was 83.0％ (235/283).The shortest follow-up period was 12 months and the longest was 66 months,the median follow-up time was (35.1 ± 14.2)months.A total of 115 patients were underwent colonoscopic surveillances,the surveillance rate was 49.4％ (115/233).The recurrence rate was 45.0％ (50/111) in colonoscopic surveillance group.A total of 118 patients were without colonoscopic surveillances.Age over 60 years,body mass index over 25 kg/m2 and multiple adenomas (≥ 2) were significantly related with CRA recurrence,and the difference was statistical significant (P＜ 0.05).The rate of awareness that CRA needed regular surveillance group without surveillonce was significantly lower than that of group with surveillance.(P＜0.01).ConclusionThe recurrence rate of CRA after polypectomies is high.Age,high body mass index and multiple adenomas are predicted independent risk factors for CRA recurrence.Lacking awareness of the importance of regular surveillances after polypectomies is the main reason for low colonoscopic surveillance rate after polypectomies in our hospital.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of dydrogesterone and luteosterone in the treatment of threatened abortion.Methods PubMed,Chinese CNKI,Wanfang database were searched by computer.The randomized controlled trials (RCT) of dydrogesterone and luteosterone in the treatment of threatened abortion(RCT) were collected.Retrieval time was January 2011-March 2016.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the quality of themethod,the Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results In the final 8 RCT,a total of 1 438 patients were selected.Meta analysis showed:676 cases of 719 patients had clinically effective in the dydrogesterone group,and 605 cases of 719 patients had clinically effective in the luteosterone group(OR =2.94,95％ CI =2.04 ～ 4.24).The clinical effect of the dydrogesterone group was significantly higher than that of the luteosterone group(P ＜ 0.01).The funnel plot was basically symmetrical,and the publication bias was small.The occurrence incidence rate of adverse reactions of the dydrogesterone group was lower than that of the luteosterone group (OR =0.57,95％ CI =0.36 ～ 0.89,P =0.01).The backache relief time of the dydrogesterone group was significantly lower than that of the luteosterone group(MD =-4.96,95％CI =-5.18 ～-4.73,P ＜ 0.01).The relief time of abdominal pain of the dydrogesterone group was significantly lower than that of the luteosterone group (M D =-0.85,95 ％ CI =-1.23 ～-0.46,P ＜ 0.01).The hemostasis time of the dydrogesterone group was significantly lower than that of the luteosterone group (MD =-2.87,95％ CI =-3.52 ～-2.22,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Compared with the oral luteosterone,dydrogesterone in the treatment of threatened abortion has higher effective rate,less adverse reactions,and the relief time of backache and abdominal pain,hemostasis time is shorter,so dydrogesterone for threatened abortion is obviously better than luteosterone capsules,and it is worthy of clinical reference.

Dermcidin (DCD) was found in isolated human skin sweat glands with antimicrobial effect, and was defined as a kind of new small molecule antimicrobial peptide. It was a part of human sweat glands in the skin as the immune system's innate defense. With the studies of DCD, its extensive biological functions are gradually discovered. Since 2010, a number of studies have shown that DCD may be a new risk factor for atherosclerosis. And the role of DCD in ischemic heart disease has drawn increasing attention in particular its relationship with insulin secretion and glycemic control, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and hypertension, platelet aggregation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In those experiments, it was also confirmed that aspirin had antagonistic and reverse effects on various biological functions of DCD. Further research on the role of DCD in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to the prevention, early warning, prognosis evaluation and treatment breakthrough of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.