Objective To investigate the changesof glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in type 2 diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine(Scr)and serum cystatin C(Cys-C). Methods A total of 166 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into our hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups according to the level of Scr and Cys-C:T2DM patients with normal Scr and Cys-C (normal group,n =109),T2DM patients with normal Scr and high level of Cys-C (high Cys-C group,n=40),and T2DM patients with high levels of Scr and Cys-C (high Scr Cys-C group,n=17). Normal group were further divided into two subgroups according to the level of eGFR:eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )subgroup and eGFR<90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )subgroup.Clinical characteristics and laboratory datawere collected in all subjects. eGFR were measured by 99mTc-DTPA nephro-dynamic imaging. Results The average value of eGFR were significantly different in normal group(82.68±13.45)ml/(min·1.73 m2 ),high Cys-C group(67.93 ±14.01)ml/(min·1.73 m2 )and high Scr,Cys-C group (50.54±15.10)ml/(min·1.73 m2 ). In normal group,the proportion of patients with eGFR equal or greater than 90 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 26.6%,patients with eGFR ranged from 60 to 89 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 72.5%,patients with eGFR ranged from 30 to 59 ml/(min·1.73 m2 )was 0.9%. After follow-up for three months,in normal group,the proportion of patients with CKD stage1 was 4.6%,patients with CKD stage 2 was 34.9%,and patients with CKD stage 3 was 0.9%.Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis in normal group showed that female,older age,higher TC,lower LVEF were risk factors for eGFR decline (P <0.05). Conclusion In T2DM patients with normal Scr and Cys-C, 73.4% of them had mild to moderate eGFR decline,and 40.4%entered CKD stage in this study.eGFR should be evaluated especially in T2DM patients with risk factors including female,older age,higher TC and lower LVEF.

AIM: To investigate the effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: The MMP-2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), MMP-2 protein was measured by western blotting and MMP-2 activity in conditioned medium was observed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: In comparison with the control, there was no difference in the expression of MMP-2 between control and 25 mg/L LDL, whereas 25 mg/L OX-LDL increased MMP-2 activity in HUVEC ( P

To search the statistical approaches for evaluating and dealing with the center effects in multi-center clinical trial. Breslow-Day test was used for evaluating the differences of the virtual rating among the centers whose responses were binary, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for dealing with the center effects whose responses were binary or ordinal, and logistic regression for evaluating and dealing with the center effects simultaneously. The results showed that Breslow-Day test is invalid in evaluating the center effects whose response is ordinal, and Cochran-Mantel- Haenszel test can not be used for dealing with the effects of other covariates meanwhile.

Objective:To explore the anti-diabetogenic effect of antibody blocking portion of chemokine receptor-5 antibody(CCR5) molecule.Methods: The severe combined immunodeficient NOD(NOD.Scid) mice,injected i.p.with splenocytes from nonobese diabetic mouse,were randomly divided into 2 groups(8 of each group): anti-CCR5 Ab group and PBS group.The mice in anti-CCR5 Ab group were treated with a specific polyclonal antibody,targeting the first extracellular loop of CCR5,and PBS group was treated with PBS.Blood glucose levels were measured to observe the anti-diabetogenic effect of the antibody.Histological examination and ELISA analysis were also performed.Results: Within 70 d,all of the control mice developed diabetes while 5 of the 8 mice treated with anti-CCR5 Ab were diabetes-free.The difference of inflammation score between 2 groups was significant(P

Objective To analyze acute coronary syndrome patients with clinical characteristics and the sta-tus survey of the interventional treatment in the datong area.Methods 162 cases of hospitalized patients with unsta-ble angina pectoris(UA)and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)were selected through clini-cal records,with UA78 cases and NSTEMI 84 cases.Results Clinical features:(1 )Two groups of high incidence were men,and incidence cases were 2 times than that in women.Peaks in males were 50 -60 years old,and lasted 20 years in UA group;Peaks delayed 10 years of women thanthat of men in UA group,delayed 20 years in NSTEMI group.Over the 70 -year -old,there were no gender,number differences in the two groups.Hypertension,hyperlipi-demia,diabetes,number of cases were quite in two groups.(2)The history of coronary heart disease (CHD)were respectively:in UA group,patients with 1 year or less were 48 (61.5%),30 cases (38.5%)>1 year.NSTEMI group had 67 cases (79.8%)in 1 year or less,>1 year with 7 cases (20.2%),(t =2.915,-2.743,all P <0.01).In the subgroups which the morbidity was 1 day or less,UA group had 5 cases (6.4%),NSTEMI group had 25 cases (29.8%)(t =4.066,P <0.01).(3)History of OMI respectively:UA group 18 cases (23.1%),the NSTE-MI group 8 cases (9.5%)(t =-2.533,P <0.05),the difference between the two groups had statistical signifi-cance.Coronary lesions:(1 )stents:During 78 cases of patients with UA,direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)treatment were 71 cases (91.0%).During 84 NSTEMI patients,direct PCI were 63 cases (75.0%).(2)Sin-gle lesion:UA group of stents treatment were 18 cases (11.1%),the NSTEMI group were10 cases (6.2%),and had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =26.309 P <0.01).The third.The incidence of heart for death in hospitalized patients:In the 162 cases of patients,hospital death was 3 patients (1.9%),and had occurred in NSTEMI group (3.6%),there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =2.838 P1 -sided <0.05).Conclusion In front of coronary heart disease incidence peak,the high -risk groups:hyperten-sion,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,to carry on the curative effect of standard treatment for a long time,it is the key to avoid the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).NSTEMI cardiac mortality,need hospital treatment.Not only secondary pre-vention of coronary artery disease focus groups of HP,hyperlipidemia,DMand also cannot ignore OMI crowd.because myocardial ischemia often,even NSTEMI.Correct myocardial ischemia is the key of the coronary heart disease treat-ment,if the drug is invalid,stents treatment should be taken into account.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicro-side,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol in Longze xiongdan capsule. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Dikma Platisil ODS column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid so-lution(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength were set at 254 nm for geniposide,gentiopicro-side,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol and 327 nm for chlorogenic acid. The column temperature was 30 ℃. RE-SUITS:Linear ranges of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicroside,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol were 0.0082-0.164 μg (r=0.9998),0.027-0.540 μg(r=0.9997),0.02525-0.505 μg(r=0.9998),0.046-0.920 μg(r=0.9997), 0.059-1.180 μg(r=0.9995),0.00805-0.161 μg(r=0.9994),respectively;the limits of quantitation were 0.61,0.59,0.87,0.51, 0.92,0.65 ng,and the limits of detection were 1.67,1.73,1.96,1.82,2.31,1.87 ng. RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 95.34%-98.27%(RSD=1.2%,n=9),98.18%-101.92%(RSD=1.4%,n=9), 97.36% -101.09%(RSD=1.0% ,n=9),95.24% -98.93%(RSD=1.3% ,n=9), 95.76% -99.34%(RSD=1.5% ,n=9), 95.00%-98.75%(RSD=1.4%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and suitable for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicroside,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride,chrysophanol in Longze xiongdan capsule.

Temperature dependent systematic circulatory changes by the pure thermal action were studied by means of footbath, which can neglect hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy. 14 healthy adult females (32±6 yeas old) took footbath at 38, 40, 42°C and control footbath after providing the written informed consent. The experiments started corthe permission of protocol of this experiment by the Ethical Committee of International Research Center for Traditional Medicine. They took footbath after 10 minutes' rest in a sitting position. Each footbath was 30 minutes long, followed by 10 minutes' rest. The same subject participated in the studies four times at the same time of the day before lunch. These experiments were in a random order four days apart each other except during menstruation periods. Their systemic circulatory changes and autonomic nervous balance calculated from FFT analysis of the R-R variability were monitored by the automatic sphygmomanometer, impedance cardiography and ECG, and their cerebral circulatory changes were monitored by the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and the Transcranial Doppler (TCD), and skin circulation was measured by the thermographic changes of the face and hand. Their subjective comfort was assessed by the face scale every 5 minutes. The results showed that their cardiac output and blood pressure increased, and tissue blood flow of the M. Trapezius and the skin temperature of both hand and face increased in temperature dependent manner. Simultaneously LF/HF or HF power changed depending on the temperature. Regarding cerebral circulation, total blood volume of the surface of the frontal lobe was suspected to be increased, however, elevation of PI values indicated an increase of the intracranial pressure. The same systemic and autonomic nervous changes of footbath were reported in full body bath. Considering the subjective comfort, the appropriate duration of footbath for healthy persons may be 20-25min at 38°C, 15min at 40°C, 10min at 42°C. Circulatory activation by footbath may support the clinical utility of footbath for the safe care of aged people who may be drawn in bath tub. High PI value at 42°C footbath which means high intracranial pressure may cause the accidents during lethal hot bathing.

We studied temperature-dependent effects of the footbath on heart rate variability, EEG (F3, F4, P3, P4 of 10/20 international method), cerebral circulation, and subjective comfort, using electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), transcranial Doppler (TCD) and face scale. Subjects were 14 healthy adult women (32±6 years old) who took 3 types of footbath (10cm below the knee at 38°C, 40°C, and 42°C) and the control sitting position without footbath in a randomized sequence after providing written informed consent. Their ECG, EEG, NIRS on the forehead, and TCD findings for the middle cerebral artery were monitored for 50min including a 30min footbath. Subjective changes were monitored every 5min using the face scale. LF (low frequency; 0.04-0.15Hz) and HF (high frequency; 0.15-0.4Hz) components and Lorenz plots parameters were obtained from ECG R-R variability. EEG power and EEG right-left coherence were also calculated.
At 42°C footbath, total hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the forehead, LF/HF ratio, Pulsatility Index (PI: a marker of intracranial circulation and intracranial pressure obtained from TCD), and parietal β₁ wave power increased significantly. HF power and EEG coherence of θ and α₁ wave of the parietal and frontal leads decreased significantly with decline of comfort. At 40°C, cerebral circulation, LF/HF and PI changed less, but EEG power of the frontal α₁ and α₂, and parietal β₁ waves increased significantly after the cessation of footbath with simultaneous increase of comfort. At 38°C, transient but significant decrease of PI value after footbath was associated with significant increase of EEG power of the frontal θ and parietal α₂ waves after footbath. Parameters having statistically significant correlation with subjective comfort were HF power, Lorenz plots parameters, EEG power and coherence, and frontal Oxy Hb (r=0.150-0.231, p<0.0001 by Spearman's method). The EEG power of frontal α₁ waves had the largest correlation coefficient with subjective comfort (r=0.231, p<0.0001).
It was assumed that temperature-dependent changes of autonomic nervous activity and cerebral circulation caused changes of EEG and comfort during footbath. It was indicated that frontal α₁ wave power of EEG and Lorenz plots parameters obtained from R-R variability may be usable as indices of comfort in hot bathing.

One of the methods of external treatment is herbal bathing. We studied the usefulness of herbal bathing by investigating the physiological and biochemical changes that occurred during whole-body herbal bathing.
Eleven healthy adult males (36±9 years old) were subjected to two types of bathing, herbal bathing and plain water bathing, at an interval of four or more days at random sequence after giving written informed consents. Physiological and biochemical changes were monitored 10min before bathing, 10min during herbal bathing in the sitting position, and up to 60min after bathing.
The results showed that the skin temperature of the face (forehead) and hands decreased at a slower rate, fluctuations of the blood pressure were smaller, and the peripheral vascular resistance decreased more faster in herbal bathing than in plain water bathing. These results suggest that herbal bathing is more effective in maintaining peripheral skin temperature, stimulates peripheral circulations, and suppresses excessive fluctuations of blood pressure better than in plain water bathing. Analysis of the autonomic nervous activity by ECG R-R variability showed that the parasympathetic tone was more predominant in the herbal bathing than in plain water bathing, supporting the result showing a larger relaxing effect in herbal bathing. Although there was no significant difference between herbal bathing and plain water bathing in terms of changes in the total blood volume of the Musculus Trapezius, the increase in the total blood volume of the forehead was greater in herbal bathing than in plain water bathing. These results suggested that the herbal bathing might be able to increase the blood volume of the frontal lobe.
These differences of the physiological changes between herbal bathing and plain water bathing indicated that the herbal bathing may stimulate the circulation in the frontal lobe as well as the skeletal muscles. These results supported the health-promoting effects of herbal bathing.

AIM:To observe the preliminary efficacy of conbercept injected intravitreally for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD).METHODS:Seventeen wAMD patients (18 eyes) were selected to receive conbercept injection.All patients were given a single conbercept injection every month,3 times.Before and after 1,2,3mo of the injection,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP,measured by Non-contact tonometer),fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),indocyanine green angiography(ICG),optical coherence tomography(OCT) examination and the complications incidence were compared.RESULTS:Three months after conbercept injection,the BCVA improved in 15 eyes (83%),stable in 3 eyes (17%).Before treatment,the average central macular thickness was 421.72±54.43μm,at 1 and 2 and 3mo after treatment,the average central macular thickness was 337.89±25.88μm,293.56±26.87μm,266.89±19.10μm respectively.There were significant differences compared with before and after injection(P<0.05).In the final follow up,FFA and ICG showed that the leakage in macular area disappeared in 15 eyes (83%),still existed in 3 eyes (17%),in those 3 eyes the injection was given for one or two times till the leakage disappeared.Elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 cases (26mmHg,23mmHg),after 1d down to normal.Another patient showed postoperative envy,given left ofloxacin eye drops after 2d,then back to normal.There was no serious ocular adverse reactions.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection conbercept for wAMD can significantly improve the visual function,reduce the macular edema and the leakage with higher safety and less complications.However the prolonged efficacy needs further observation.