Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can be classified into different types based on the etiology, positions with the retinal pigment epithelium, distance to the geometric center of the foveal avascular zone, fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Subtypes of CNV are also existed. The different classifications have different clinical significances. Comprehend the classification of CNV has important value in evaluating the lesions and guideline for treatment.

Objective To study the appearances and early fetures of sacroiliac joints(SIJ) in ankylosing spondylitis on X-ray film and CT,and to valuate the CT examination of sacroiliac joints in the same groups.Methods The plain X-ray film of 73 cases of SIJ of ankylosing spondylitis which had been proved clinicalhy were studied.All the patients had been examed with CT at the same time.The appearances presented by the two methods were concluded compared and graded,the relationship between them was analyzed with statistics.Results The erosion,cystic lesions of bone and swollen of soft tissues were the early features of sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis,but the detection rate of them by X-ray was 73%,38%,0.6%,by CT was 86%,72%,3%.They can find on CT and conventional radiography,but the detection rate of them by CT was much higher than that by X-ray plain film(?

Objective To find out about the current situation of the for-profit hospitals in a Southern province and to compare them with the nonprofit hospitals there of the same size. Methods Using routine health statistics data of the year 2002,71 for-profit hospitals with authorized beds were compared with 132 nonprofit hospitals of the same size.Results The for-profit hospitals had a small number of staff and basically little burden posed by retired personnel;they provided a small volume of outpatient and emergency services but a volume of inpatient services equal to that provided by the nonprofit hospitals;their income and expenditure levels were less than half of those of the nonprofit hospitals,but they had a balanced budget;like the nonprofit hospitals,they faced the issue of patients defaulting on payment.Conclusion Now that the development of non-public economy is being encouraged in the country,for-profit hospitals will witness high growth.Thus possible adverse effects ought to be carefully taken into account in the formulation of policies and corresponding countermeasures ought to be taken.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of selective salpingography(SSG)and fallopian tube recanalization(FTR) for diagnosis and treatment of oviduct obstructive infertility with self-made simple coaxial microtube.MethodsSSG and FTR with self-made simple Coaxial Microtube were performed for 76 cases with 134 tubes of obstructive oviduct through wire-guided tubal recanalization,anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion effect of recanalization fluid,and the patients were treated with anti-bacterial and hydrotubation after operations.ResultsSSG displayed that 81 tubes obstruction in interstitial tubal,25 tubes obstruction in isthmus,16 tubes obstruction in ampulla and 12 tubes obstruction in fimbria.The total recanalization rate of FTR was 76.1%,with the recanalization rate 96.3% in interstitial,the recanalization rate 68.0% in isthmus and the recanalization rate 43.8% in ampulla,and no serious complications occurred.All cases were followed up for one to two years postoperatively.Normal pregnancy pationes were 31 cases(40.8%),and 29 women were normal parturition,2 cases(2.6%) were extrauterine pregnancy.ConclusionThe advantage of SSG and FTR with self-made simple coaxial microtube is low cost,simplicity and excellent efficacy.It is worth popularizing in grass-roots hospitals.

Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic nephropathy with serum endothelin-1(ET-1) and C-reactive protein(CRP). Methods Levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipid, creatinine,ET-1,CRP and urinary albumin excretion(UAER) were measured and calculated in 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 30 healthy subjects. Results Serum ET-1 and CRP were significantly higher in T2DM than in control(P<0.05，P<0.01).Serum ET-1 and CRP were increased with increment of serum creatinine and UAER(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions Serum ET-1 and CRP may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Retinal hemorrhage can be divided into intravitreal, subhyaloid, subinner limiting membrane, superficial retinal, deep retinal, subretinal and subpigment epithelial hemorrhage. Each of these hemorrhages has a characteristic and recognizable appearance. Comprehending the classification and characteristic of retinal hemorrhage has important value in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and guideline for treatment.(Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 221-224)

Objective To observe the imaging features of branching vascular network (BVN) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods Eighty PCV patients (90 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients included 58 males and 22 females.The age was ranged from 49 to 85 years,with a mean age of 61.4 years.All the patients were examined for fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).The fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) was defined as a well-demarcated subretinal heterogeneous plaque with increasing fluorescence on FFA.The late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque was defined as a well-demarcated lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on late phase ICGA.The double-layer sign on OCT was defined as a wide range of shallow PED from Bruch membrane.Results BVN were found on early ICGA in 76 eyes among the 90 eyes (84.4％).Among these 76 eyes,18 eyes (23.7％) demonstrated the subretinal reddish-orange branches corresponding to BVN.Fifty-six eyes (73.7％) demonstrated all or part of the BVN on early FFA.Three eyes (3.9％) demonstrated branching transmitted fluorescence corresponding to BVN throughout the FFA.Seventy-three eyes (96.1％) were manifested by occult choroidal vascularization on FFA,and 21 eyes (27.6％) of them were fibrovascular PED.Among the 76 eyes with BVN,all BVN appeared earlier than polypoidal lesions on ICGA.Polypoidal lesions located on the terminal of BVN in 62 eyes (81.6％).Sixty-nine eyes (90.8％) on ICGA demonstrated the late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque,whose area was equal to or greater than the area of BVN shown on early ICGA.Seventy-two eyes (94.7％) had the double layer sign.Among these 72 eyes,15 eyes (20.8％) had lumen like structure within the double-layer sign.Sixty-five eyes (90.3％) had punctate and linear hyperreflectance within the double-layer sign.Two eyes (2.8％) demonstrated a hyporeflective short segment and a gap of Bruch membrane on OCT corresponding to the origin of the BVN.Sixty-three eyes (87.5％) had an area of double-layer sign that matched the area of late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on ICGA.Conclusions BVN in PCV can be noted as reddish-orange branches on fundus examination.Most of the BVN are shown as early branching transmitted fluorescence but collectively an occult choroidal vascularization on FFA,as lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on late ICGA,and as double-layer sign on OCT whose area matches late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque.

Gynecological malignancies have seriously affected women′s living quality and survival.In recent years,studies have shown that androgen is closely related to the occurrence and development of gynecologic malignancies.In this paper,we mainly discussed the mechanism of androgen on gynecologic malignancies.

This paper analyzes the reform and challenge of the medical literature retrieval in the new situation and shows the view from teaching target,teaching staff development,course content,course system and teaching methods