OBJECTIVE: To explore strategies for Chinese chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in the practice of international business. METHODS: Based on the theory of international business, the international business of global chemical pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed in terms of business time, real strength and business procedures, etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The success of international business of the global chemical pharmaceutical enterprises is closely related to their long business time, real strength and the successful internationalization of the mix of investment,research & development, production and sales. Striving to carry out international business strategy, Chinese chemical pharmaceutical enterprises should draw advanced experiences by acting from improving management strategy, comprehensive competitive power, high grade products with high added value and making good use of the global resources.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of triple needling at muscle insertions plus moxibustion in treating acute carpometacarpal joint injury. Method Forty patients were randomly allocated to acupuncture and medication groups, 20 cases each. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after one course of treatment. Result The total efficacy rate and the cure rate were 100.0%and 80.0%, respectively, in the acupuncture group and 90.0% and 50.0%, respectively, in the medication group. There were statistically significant differences in the total efficacy rate and the cure rate between the two groups (P<0.01). The VAS score decreased significantly in both groups of patients after treatment compared with before (P<0.01). The post-treatment VAS score was lower in the acupuncture group than in the medication group (P<0.01). Cooney wrist joint score increased in both groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.01). The post-treatment Cooney score was higher in the acupuncture group than in the medication group (P<0.01). Conclusion Triple needling at muscle insertions plus moxibustion has clinically a marked therapeutic effect on acute carpometacarpal joint injury.

Coronary Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods

Objective　The conditional hierarchical clustering for 1-dimensional(1-d) ordinal data was discussed.Methods　Because the individuals are ordered in 1-d,the conditional matrix was constructed with all elements in the second-diagonal are 1 and the others are 0.Distance matrix of individuals defined by some particular definition.Then the conditional-distance matrix was made for the hierarchical clustering by connecting the conditional matrix and distance matrix.This method was called 1-dimentsional conditional hierarchical clustering.An example was illustrated by this method and a Monte Carol study showed that method was feasible and robust.Results　Compared with the least-squares partition,this method is easy to understand,easy to practice and easy to compute.It also can give us a stable result.Conclusion　Because of the austere theory,the simple thought and the convenient application,it's a good method for the 1-d ordinal data.

Objective To observe the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) combined with mechanical ventilation on inflammatory response in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)induced by hydrochloric acid(HCl)inhalation. Methods 32 adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,ARDS model group,PHCD group(intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg PHCD at 30 minutes before HCl instillation)and mechanical ventilation group〔mechanical ventilation was given after PHCD treatment,ventilator settings were as follows:tidal volume(VT)=4 mL/kg,respiratory rate(RR)= 70 beats/min,the time ratio of inspiration to expiration(I:E)=1:2,fraction of inspired oxygen concentration(FiO2)=0.21〕,8 rats in each group. The rat ARDS model was created by HCl(0.1 mol/L,1.2 mL/kg) intratracheal instillation. After mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,the experiment was stopped. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)was measured,and the oxygenation index as well as lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D)were calculated respectively. The pathological changes in lung tissues were observed under light microscope,and the pathological score was evaluated. The levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),interlukin-8(IL-8)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)in homogenate of lung tissues were all measured respectively by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In rats of ARDS model group, there were significant infiltration of inflammatory cells, collapse of extensive pulmonary alveoli and hyaline membrane formation in lung tissues,but the edema in pulmonary mesenchymal tissue and congestion of micro vessels were not obvious. Compared with sham operation group,the lung tissue pathological score(9.88±2.03 vs. 1.38±0.92),lung W/D ratio(7.67±0.96 vs. 4.08±0.65)were significantly increased(both P<0.01),while oxygenation index〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):213±29 vs. 428±28〕was markedly decreased in model group(P<0.01);and the concentrations of MPO(μg/L:34.18±3.99 vs. 20.92±1.40), IL-8(ng/L:864±53 vs. 583±91)and NF-κB(ng/L:1 229±133 vs. 803±130)in homogenate of lung tissues were significantly higher in model group(all P<0.01). The pathological changes in lung tissues including inflammatory cell infiltration,collapse of alveoli and pulmonary edema,etc. were obviously improved when treated by PHCD or mechanical ventilation and the lung pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased compared with those of model group,oxygenation index in these two groups were both significantly increased,meanwhile, the concentrations of MPO,IL-8 and NF-κB were sharply decreased when compared with those of model group (all P<0.05). The degree of improvement in all above indexes were greater in mechanical ventilation group than those in PHCD group(lung injury score:5.63±1.85 vs. 7.63±1.67,lung W/D ratio:5.35±1.05 vs. 6.46±1.17, oxygenation index:325±57 vs. 272±44,MPO:25.80±3.36 vs. 29.88±3.93,IL-8:736±53 vs. 802±53, NF-κB:984±75 vs. 1 109±118,all P<0.05),however they did not reach the levels of the sham operation group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion PHCD can inhibit the inflammatory response in ARDS rats induced by HCl inhalation,thus it may protect the lung tissue from injury induced by HCl,and the protective role of PHCD plus menchanical ventilation is superior to that of PHCD only.

Objective To investigate predictors of one year mortality in the elderly patients with hip fracture following poststroke hemiplegia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to analyze clinical data of the elderly patients who had received surgery in our hospital from January 2000 to May 2007 forhip fractures.Patients in the poststroke hemiplegia group (group A) and the hemiplegia-free group (group B)were compared in terms of general characteristics.Predictors of one year mortality in group A were analyzed statistically.Variables to be analyzed included age,gender,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) rating,preoperative comorbidity,fracture type,prefracture ambulatory status and cognitive ability,hospital stay,interval from injury to surgery,anaesthetic mode and operational mode. Results Altogether 1379 patients with a mean age of 76.4 ± 7.0 years (from 65 to 99 years) were eligible for the present investigation.Of them,101 were assigned into group A.There were significant differences between the 2 groups in ASA rating,number of preoperative comorbidity,prefracture ambulatory status and cognitive ability,hospital stay and one year survival ( P ＜ 0.05).One year follow-up found 25 deaths in group A (mortality rate 24.8％ ).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender ( P =0.017),ASA rating ( P=0.009),prefracture ambulatory status ( P =0.000),chroic respiraory disease ( P =0.022) and number of preoperative comorbidity ( P =0.048) were risk factors associated with the one year mortality in group A.ConclusionsEldarly hip fracture patients with hemiplegia tend to have a longer hospital stay and a higher mortality rate than those without hemiplegia.Male gender,ASA rating ≥ Grade Ⅲ,number of preoperative comorbidity ≥ 3,chronic respiratory disease and weak prefracture ambulatory status are predictors of one year mortality in the elderly patients with hip fracture following poststroke hemiplegia.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; therapy ; Humans

Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Fatty Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Diabetes Complications ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome