Objective Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice in cooking and as a medicinal herb in traditional herbal medicine. The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger oil in experimental animal models. Methods The analgesic effect of the oils was evaluated by the acetic acid and hot-plate test models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was investigated in rats, using rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, adjuvant arthritis, and vascular permeability induced by bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and histamine. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg), Aspirin (0.5 g/kg) and Dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison. Results The ginger oil (0.25-1.0 g/kg) produced significant analgesic effect against chemically- and thermally-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice (P < 0.05, 0.01). And the ginger oil (0.25-1.0 g/kg) also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant arthritis, and inflammatory mediators-induced vascular permeability in rats (P < 0.05, 0.001). Conclusion These findings confirm that the ginger oil can be used to treat pain and chronic inflammation such as rheumatic arthritis.

Objective: To probe into the correlation between chronic liver disease and intestinal barrier function. Methods: 1 491 cases of hospitalized patients were enrolled, of which 741 cases were of chronic liver diseases, including 397 cases of fatty liver diseases, 230 cases of chronic hepatitis, 114 cases of liver cirrhosis, and 750 cases of non-hepatic diseases. All admitted patients’ intestinal barrier function like diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, lipopolysaccharide, and biochemical indicators of liver functions were tested. According to different data, statistical analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Dunnett’s test, χ ² test of fourfold table, Pearson’s correlation, and binary logistic regression. Results: The intestinal barrier dysfunction was more likely to occur in the chronic liver disease group than that of non-hepatic disease group [54.15% (379/741) vs. 18.53% (139/750), χ ² = 193.58, P < 0.001]. The correlation analysis between biochemical indicators of liver function and intestinal barrier function in chronic liver disease group showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin levels were more susceptible to intestinal barrier dysfunction than those with normal indexes (P < 0.05 ). GGT had stimulated DAO (P < 0.05, OR > 1), D-lactate (P < 0.05, OR > 1), lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05, OR > 1), ALT and AST. Conclusion Chronic liver disease increases with damage to intestinal barrier function.

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is being widely used in microRNA expression research. However, few reports detailed a robust identification and validation strategy for suitable reference genes for normalisation in microRNA RT-qPCR studies. The aim of this study was to identify the most stable reference gene(s) for quantification of microRNA expression analysis in uterine cervical tissues. A microarray was performed on 6 pairs of uterine cervical tissues to identify the candidate reference genes. The stability of candidate reference genes was assessed by RT-qPCR in 23 pairs of uterine cervical tissues. The identified most stable reference genes were further validated in other cohort of 108 clinical uterine cervical samples: (HR-HPV- normal, n = 21; HR-HPV+ normal, n = 19; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN], n = 47; cancer, n = 21), and the effects of normalizers on the relative quantity of target miR-424 were assessed. In the array experiment, miR-26a, miR-23a, miR-200c, let-7a, and miR-1979 were identified as candidate reference genes for subsequent validation. MiR-23a was identified as the most reliable reference gene followed by miR-191. The use of miR-23a and miR-191 to normalize expression data enabled detection of a significant deregulation of miR-424 between normal, CIN and cancer tissue. Our results suggested that miR-23a and miR-191 are the optimal reference microRNAs that can be used for normalization in profiling studies of cervical tissues; miR-23a is a novel microRNA normalizer.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cervix Uteri/*metabolism/pathology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling/*standards ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism/standards ; Microarray Analysis ; Reference Standards ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/*metabolism/pathology

AIM: The DNA plasmid lipidosome (LP) vaccine based VEGFR2 extracellular region (exVEGFR2) was prepared in order to provide a new approach for cancer active immunotherapy. METHODS: High fidelity PCR was used to amplify the target sequence of exVEGFR2 with two restriction site of Kpn and Xba. The plasmid of pCMV/exVEGFR2 was constructed by connected exVEGFR2 with pCMV empty plasmid. The activity of immune activation was detected by ELISA. CTLs mediated cytotoxic activity was analyzed by

Objective : To study the effect of sex-determining region Y-frame protein 3 (SOX3) on proliferation and estradiol secretion in human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN cell line) . Methods: The gene sequence of human SOX3 (NM_005634. 3) was searched in Gene-Bank , an NCBI database , and the target gene SOX3 was amplified by PCR , which was cloned into lentiviral vector pLV-EF1a-GFP-2A-Puro to obtain the overexpression lentiviral re- combinant plasmid pLV-EF1a-GFP-2A-Puro- SOX3 ; the correctly sequenced overexpressed lentiviral recombinant plasmid as well as packaging plasmids ( pGag/Pol , pRev , pVSV-G) were co-transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line ( HEK 293T) cells ( pLV-SOX3 group) , and pLV-EF1a-GFP-2A-Puro and packaging plasmids (pGag/Pol , pRev , pVSV- G) were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells (pLV-NC group) , the lentiviral particles of both groups were collected and the titers of the viruses were measured after 48 h of transfection , the lentiviruses of the two groups were infected into KGN cells , and the stably expressed cell lines were obtained after puromycin screening for 2 weeks; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the SOX3 mRNA and protein levels in the two groups; CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferative ability of the cells in the two groups; ELISA was used to determine the concentration of estradiol in the two groups . Results: The identification of PCR products and sequencing results showed that the SOX3 gene fragment was amplified successfully , and the enzyme digestion and sequencing results indicated that the construction of overexpression lentiviral recombinant plasmid was completed; green fluorescence could be detected after lentiviral infection of HEK 293T cells , which indicated that lentiviral packaging was successful; the lentivirus was screened by puromycin after lentiviral infection of KGN cells , and the cells were observed to express green fluorescence under the fluorescence microscope; RT- qPCR and Western blot assays both showed that the expression level of SOX3 in the pLV-SOX3 group was significantly higher than that in the pLV-NC group ( P < 0. 05) . CCK-8 assay results showed that the proliferation ability of the cells in the pLV-SOX3 group significantly increased compared with that in the pLV-NC group (P < 0. 01) . ELISA results showed that estradiol concentration was elevated in the pLV-SOX3 group com- pared with the pLV-NC group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Overexpression of the transcription factor SOX3 can pro- mote the proliferation and estradiol secretion of human ovarian granulosa cells KGN .

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic value of ultrasound guided 14 gauge coreneedle biopsy (US-CNB) in breast nodules. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the pathological results of US-CNB and surgical excision from 373 breast nodules in Peking University International Hospital from Sep 2016 to Nov 2018 to evaluate the accuracy of 14g US-CNB. Results: A total of 349 patients(373 nodules)underwent US-CNB. US-CNB reported 282 benign lesions(75.6%, 282/373), 20 high-risklesions(5.4%, 20/373), and 71 malignant lesions(19.0%, 71/373). For 282 CNB reported benign lesions, the surgical pathology confirmed 235 lesions , 46 for high-risk lesions and 1 for malignant lesion with a concordancy of 83.3%(235/282)and the underestimation rate was 16.7%(47/282). US-CNB identified 20 high-risk lesions. According to surgical results, 15 were high-risk lesions and 5 were malignant lesions with a concordancy of 75% (15/20)and the underestimation rate was 25%(5/20). When it comes to malignant lesions, the excision results showed that 70 were malignant lesions and 1was high-risk lesion with a concordancy of 98.6%(70/71)and the overestimation rate was 1.4%(1/71). The concordance of the histological type , calculated for 50 invasive carcinomas, was 92% (46/50) with a kappa value of 0.77.The concordance of the histological grade could be calculated for 38 invasive ductal carcinomas with the Elston-Elllis Method . It was 89.5% (34/38) with a kappa value of 0.57. Conclusions The pathology result of 14gUS-CNB is in good consistency with surgical excision for breast benign and malignant lesions.